Journal of Insulin Resistance最新文献_第2页

Insulin Resistance: Childhood Precursors of Adult Disease 胰岛素抵抗:成人疾病的儿童先兆

Journal of Insulin Resistance Pub Date : 2020-02-02 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-25057-7

P. Zeitler, K. Nadeau

引用次数: 0

Type 2 diabetes mellitus, physical activity, yoga and telomere length: A literature review 2型糖尿病、体力活动、瑜伽和端粒长度:一项文献综述

Journal of Insulin Resistance Pub Date : 2019-09-10 DOI: 10.4102/jir.v4i1.52

Reepa A. Ughreja, Reena Ughreja

{"title":"Type 2 diabetes mellitus, physical activity, yoga and telomere length: A literature review","authors":"Reepa A. Ughreja, Reena Ughreja","doi":"10.4102/jir.v4i1.52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/jir.v4i1.52","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), a chronic metabolic disease prevalent in adults, is also prevalent amongst children, adolescents and young adults. On understanding the molecular basis of diabetes, a significant association is found between telomere length (TL) and type 2 DM.Aim: The aim of the study was to review the available evidence on effect of physical activity and yoga on DM including their effect on TL.Setting: The study was conducted in Bangalore.Method: A number of databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed and Cochrane Review were searched for relevant articles using keywords such as ’diabetes’, ‘type 2 DM’, ‘physical activity’, ‘yoga’, ‘TL’ and ‘telomerase activity’. All types of articles were included for the study, such as randomised controlled trial, systematic reviews, literature review and pilot study. Non-English articles were excluded from the study.Results: Studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of yoga and physical exercise in type 2 DM in various ways, such as reducing fasting blood glucose and glycosylated haemoglobin; improving lipid profile, blood pressure and waist-to-hip ratio; reducing inflammatory, oxidative and psychological stress markers; and improving the quality of life of patients. However, limited information is available on the effect of these interventions on TL in type 2 DM and mechanisms involved.Conclusion: Recent studies have shown positive effects of yoga and physical activity on TL. However, there is a dearth of good-quality studies evaluating the effects of yoga on TL in type 2 DM. Future studies need to be conducted with standard treatment protocols, long-term follow-up, appropriate control groups and large sample size.","PeriodicalId":32155,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Insulin Resistance","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42413101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

The contribution of hyperinsulinemia to the hyperandrogenism of polycystic ovary syndrome 高胰岛素血症对多囊卵巢综合征高雄激素血症的影响

Journal of Insulin Resistance Pub Date : 2019-07-02 DOI: 10.4102/JIR.V4I1.50

Nadia B. Pateguana, A. Janes

{"title":"The contribution of hyperinsulinemia to the hyperandrogenism of polycystic ovary syndrome","authors":"Nadia B. Pateguana, A. Janes","doi":"10.4102/JIR.V4I1.50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/JIR.V4I1.50","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a very common endocrine disorder of young women.Aim: The proper treatment of PCOS requires a thorough understanding of the underlying cause of disease. In this article, we review the extent to which hyperinsulinemia contributes to the development of PCOS.Setting: The goal of this review was to assess the current literature on the contribution of hyperinsulinemia to the hyperandrogenism of polycystic ovary syndrome in hopes of promoting future research and advancements in clinical treatments for women with PCOS focusing on this major contributing factor, hyperinsulinemia.Method: A review of published peer-reviewed literature was conducted by searching the keywords.Results: Excessive insulin causes both the overproduction of testosterone and decreased sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) levels seen in PCOS, both of which collaborate in creating an increased testosterone effect.Conclusion: The majority of research and evidence shows that the hyperandrogenism of PCOS is likely caused by hyperinsulinemia. Yet the conventional treatment of hyperandrogenic symptoms in women with PCOS is not directed towards correcting this underlying hyperinsulinemia. Further research is needed to assess how the treatment of the hyperinsulinemia through lifestyle would compare to the current treatment of hyperandrogenemia through testosterone-lowering drugs.","PeriodicalId":32155,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Insulin Resistance","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48474942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

Determining a diagnostic algorithm for hyperinsulinaemia 确定高胰岛素血症的诊断算法

Journal of Insulin Resistance Pub Date : 2019-06-26 DOI: 10.4102/JIR.V4I1.49

C. Crofts, G. Schofield, Mark C. Wheldon, C. Zinn, J. Kraft

{"title":"Determining a diagnostic algorithm for hyperinsulinaemia","authors":"C. Crofts, G. Schofield, Mark C. Wheldon, C. Zinn, J. Kraft","doi":"10.4102/JIR.V4I1.49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/JIR.V4I1.49","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Ascertaining Kraft dynamic insulin response patterns following a 3-h 100 g oral glucose tolerance test seems to be the most reliable method for diagnosing hyperinsulinaemia. However, this test may be too resource-intensive for standard clinical use. Aim: This study aims to see if Kraft patterns can be accurately predicted using fewer blood samples with sensitivity and specificity analyses. Setting: St Joseph Hospital, Chicago, Illinois, United States and Human Potential Centre, Auckland University of technology, Auckland, New Zealand. Method: We analysed the results of 4185 men and women with a normal glucose tolerance, who had a 100 g oral glucose tolerance test with Kraft pattern analysis. Participants were dichotomised into normal–low insulin tolerance (Kraft I or V patterns) or hyperinsulinaemia (Kraft IIA–IV patterns). Sensitivity and specificity analysis was applied to available variables (including age, body mass index, fasting insulin or glucose) both individually and in combination. Results: Out of a maximal combined sensitivity and specificity score of 2.0, 2-h insulin level > 45 µU/mL attained the highest score (1.80). Two-hour insulin also attained the highest sensitivity (> 30 µU/mL, 0.98) and the highest specificity (> 50 µU/mL, 0.99) scores. Combining the 2-h insulin with other variables reduced the sensitivity and/or specificity. Dynamic measures had a better combined sensitivity and specificity compared to fasting or anthropological measures. Conclusion: People with a 2-h plasma insulin level 30 µU/mL following a 100 g oral glucose tolerance test be used to identify the hyperinsulinaemic individual.","PeriodicalId":32155,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Insulin Resistance","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43932666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Blood and cardiovascular health parameters after supplementing with ketone salts for six weeks 补充酮盐六周后的血液和心血管健康参数

Journal of Insulin Resistance Pub Date : 2019-04-24 DOI: 10.4102/JIR.V4I1.47

A. Holland, A. Qazi, Kristen N. Beasley, H. R. Bennett

{"title":"Blood and cardiovascular health parameters after supplementing with ketone salts for six weeks","authors":"A. Holland, A. Qazi, Kristen N. Beasley, H. R. Bennett","doi":"10.4102/JIR.V4I1.47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/JIR.V4I1.47","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Exogenous ketone salts (KS) have been administered as treatment for various health conditions; however, the safety of chronic supplementation in a healthy population has yet to be explored. Aim: This study examined the safety of KS supplementation for 6 weeks in healthy, young adults and determined the effects of KS on blood ketone levels. Setting: Data collection occurred in a laboratory at Augusta University. Methods: Twenty-three men and women (aged 18–35 years old) supplemented with KS or a placebo (PLA) twice per day for 6 weeks in a randomised, double-blinded, PLA-controlled design. Baseline and post-intervention measures included body mass index (BMI), resting blood pressure and heart rate, questionnaires assessing mood and energy, urinalysis, and venous blood measures, including comprehensive metabolic panel (CMP), lipid panel, and complete blood count (CBC). In addition, the participants consumed the assigned supplement during the baseline and post-intervention visits; blood ketone levels were assessed immediately before and after 30 and 60 min post-supplementation. Results: Systolic blood pressure was significantly lower ( p < 0.05) after supplementing with KS for 6 weeks but not PLA. All other health parameters remained unchanged by KS supplementation, including BMI, resting heart rate, urinalysis, CMP, lipid panel, and CBC. After acute administration of KS but not PLA, blood ketone levels were significantly elevated ( p < 0.001) 30 and 60 min after supplementation at both baseline and post-intervention visits. Conclusion: Chronic KS supplementation seems safe, significantly elevates blood ketone levels 30 and 60 min after supplementation and may lower blood pressure. Future explorations should determine the success of KS supplementation as a strategy to combat hypertension.","PeriodicalId":32155,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Insulin Resistance","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43889254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Repeatability characteristics of insulin response patterns and measures of insulin resistance 胰岛素反应模式的重复性特征和胰岛素抵抗的测量

Journal of Insulin Resistance Pub Date : 2019-03-28 DOI: 10.4102/JIR.V4I1.44

C. Crofts, Mark C. Wheldon, C. Zinn, F. Merien, G. Schofield

{"title":"Repeatability characteristics of insulin response patterns and measures of insulin resistance","authors":"C. Crofts, Mark C. Wheldon, C. Zinn, F. Merien, G. Schofield","doi":"10.4102/JIR.V4I1.44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/JIR.V4I1.44","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Hyperinsulinaemia is emerging as an independent risk factor for metabolic disease, but diagnostic measures are limited. It is plausible that insulin resistance measures, such as homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) type 2 variants, may model hyperinsulinaemia, but repeatability data are limited. Kraft and Hayashi insulin response patterns may not only add value in diagnosing hyperinsulinaemia, but also lack suitable repeatability data. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the repeatability of insulin response patterns, and fasting and dynamic measures of insulin resistance, and to determine whether these latter measures can predict the insulin response pattern. Setting: This study was conducted at Auckland University of Technology Millennium Institute’s sports performance laboratories. Methods: Oral glucose (100 g) tolerance tests were conducted weekly on eight people. Six people completed four tests, while two completed at least two tests. Each test assessed insulin resistance and response patterns. Insulin resistance measures included fasting tests (HOMA2, McAuley Index) and a dynamic test (oral glucose insulin sensitivity [OGIS]). The insulin response patterns were assessed with both Kraft and Hayashi methodologies. Repeatability characteristics of ordinal variables were assessed by Bland and Altman methods, while Fleiss’ κ was applied to categorical variables. Results: Fasting measures of insulin resistance recorded poor repeatability (HOMA2) or poor sensitivity (McAuley Index) compared to the dynamic measure (OGIS). Kraft insulin response patterns were more repeatable compared to Hayashi patterns, based on a combination of Fleiss’ κ (0.290 vs. 0.186,) p -value (0.15 vs. 0.798) and 95% confidence intervals. Conclusions: Both hyperinsulinaemia and insulin resistance should be dynamically assessed with a multi-sampled oral glucose tolerance test. Further investigations are required to confirm a preferred methodology.","PeriodicalId":32155,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Insulin Resistance","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41631261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Changes in organ and body weight, serum amylase and antidiabetic effects of tannins from Spondias mombin on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats 螺旋体单宁对链脲霉素诱导的糖尿病大鼠的器官和体重、血清淀粉酶及降糖作用的变化

Journal of Insulin Resistance Pub Date : 2018-12-03 DOI: 10.4102/JIR.V3I1.40

N. Eluehike, I. Onoagbe

{"title":"Changes in organ and body weight, serum amylase and antidiabetic effects of tannins from Spondias mombin on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats","authors":"N. Eluehike, I. Onoagbe","doi":"10.4102/JIR.V3I1.40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/JIR.V3I1.40","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Medicinal plants have been used for centuries in the management of chronic diseases including diabetes. Aim: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the possible antidiabetic effects and changes in serum amylase activities, body weight and organ weight of tannins from Spondias mombin on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Setting: The study was conducted in the department of Biochemistry, University of Benin, Edo state, Nigeria. Methods: A total of 24 albino Wistar rats were divided into four groups (A through D). Group A served as the normal control. Diabetes was induced in rats of groups B, C and D by single-dose intraperitoneal administration of streptozotocin (65 mg/kg body weight) to overnight-fasted rats. Only rats with fasting blood glucose ≥ 250 mg/dL were used for this study. Isolated tannins (100 mg/kg body weight) were administered to rats of group D only. Blood glucose was monitored on Day 0, Day 3, Day 10 and Day 21. After 21 days experimental period blood samples were collected and used for serum amylase activities. Tissues (liver, pancreas, heart and kidney) were excised out and weighed. Results: Tannins-treated rats showed a significant increase in body weight and serum amylase activity when compared with the diabetic control. Also, a significant decrease in blood glucose level was seen in the tannins-treated rats when compared with the diabetic control. A significant decrease in the weight of the pancreas and a significant increase in the weight of the liver were seen in the diabetic control rats when compared with the tannins-treated groups. Conclusion: Tannins of Spondias mombin have an antidiabetic effect and can restore serum amylase and body weight changes resulting from streptozotocin induction.","PeriodicalId":32155,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Insulin Resistance","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44385831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

The fructose–copper connection: Added sugars induce fatty liver and insulin resistance via copper deficiency 果糖-铜的联系：添加糖通过铜缺乏诱导脂肪肝和胰岛素抵抗

Journal of Insulin Resistance Pub Date : 2018-09-26 DOI: 10.4102/JIR.V3I1.43

J. DiNicolantonio, Dennis F. Mangan, J. O’Keefe

引用次数: 3

A 12-week, whole-food carbohydrate-restricted feasibility study in overweight children 对超重儿童进行为期12周的全碳水化合物限制可行性研究

Journal of Insulin Resistance Pub Date : 2018-07-31 DOI: 10.4102/JIR.V3I1.42

C. Zinn, O. Schmiedel, J. McPhee, N. Harris, M. Williden, Mark C. Wheldon, D. Stride, G. Schofield

{"title":"A 12-week, whole-food carbohydrate-restricted feasibility study in overweight children","authors":"C. Zinn, O. Schmiedel, J. McPhee, N. Harris, M. Williden, Mark C. Wheldon, D. Stride, G. Schofield","doi":"10.4102/JIR.V3I1.42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/JIR.V3I1.42","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Childhood obesity is a global health concern. Conventional nutrition guidelines have come under scrutiny in helping to achieve long-term healthy weight. An alternative carbohydrate-restricted, higher fat approach has shown to be effective in adults, but research is limited in youth. Aim: To assess the feasibility of a 12-week whole-food, carbohydrate-restricted diet on weight loss and metabolic health. Setting: Overweight children aged 8–13 years. Methods: In this single-arm study, 25 overweight children were provided with whole-food, carbohydrate-restricted dietary guidelines. Primary outcomes – dietary acceptability, adherence and affordability – were assessed qualitatively weekly (telephone) and post-intervention (focus groups). Secondary outcomes – Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, lipids and glycaemic control measures – were assessed at 0 and 12 weeks. Change scores were analysed using the t-statistic and interpreted using the statistical significance threshold, p < 0.05. Results: Overall, dietary acceptability was mostly positive, and reports of affordability by parents were mixed. Attrition rates were high (48%); adherence was influenced, positively and negatively, by levels of support from friends and family. Completing children reduced BMI by 2.1 ± 1.5 kg.m2 (p < 0.05). Key blood parameter changes included a reduction in triglycerides (−0.17 ± 0.48 mmol/L; p = 0.242) and an increase in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (0.24 ± 0.19 mmol/L; p < 0.05). Conclusion: Children achieved some weight loss and health outcome success using this dietary approach. For sustainable weight loss maintenance, full family and health professional support, particularly on a more intensive level at the start, may be required.","PeriodicalId":32155,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Insulin Resistance","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46608245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Diabetes mellitus: A review of some of the prognostic markers of response to treatment and management 糖尿病:对治疗和管理反应的一些预后标志物的综述

Journal of Insulin Resistance Pub Date : 2018-06-25 DOI: 10.4102/JIR.V3I1.36

K. Agu

{"title":"Diabetes mellitus: A review of some of the prognostic markers of response to treatment and management","authors":"K. Agu","doi":"10.4102/JIR.V3I1.36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/JIR.V3I1.36","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The WHO defined ‘diabetes mellitus’ (DM) as a metabolic disorder characterised by chronic hyperglycaemia with disturbances of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism resulting from the defect in insulin secretion, or inaction, or both. When not identified early and controlled, acute and chronic life-threatening consequences may result. Identifying DM early for treatment and management, as well as clinically monitoring recovery and improvement during treatment, involves the assessments of biomarkers. The types, choice, sensitivity and descriptive information trends of these biomarkers are very important. Aim: Some prognostic biomarkers and parameters that this review identified include glycated haemoglobin, white blood cells, mean neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, total leukocytes and neutrophils, plasma low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein and very low-density lipoprotein, platelet, fibrinogen, D-dimer and C-reactive proteins. Results: These parameters display increases in DM, while red blood cell, haemoglobin concentration, activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time and partial thromboplastin time are decreased. Conclusion: With sound knowledge of the variations of these markers and parameters, observed reversal during treatment and management of DM and its complications can be better monitored, and guided decisions can be made.","PeriodicalId":32155,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Insulin Resistance","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44055579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 12