Hospital Practices and Research最新文献

{"title":"Prostate Cancer Screening in Middle-Aged and Older American Men: Combined Effects of Ethnicity and Years of Schooling.","authors":"S. Assari","doi":"10.34172/hpr.2020.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/hpr.2020.12","url":null,"abstract":"Background\u0000Prostate cancer screening is more commonly utilized by highly educated people. As shown by marginalization-related diminished returns (MDRs), the effects of socioeconomic status (SES) such as education on the health outcomes are considerably smaller for ethnic minorities than for Whites. The role of MDRs as a source of ethnic health disparities is, however, still unknown.\u0000\u0000\u0000Objectives\u0000The current study had two aims: first, to explore the association between years of schooling and having taken a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test among men in the US, and second, to explore ethnic differences in this association.\u0000\u0000\u0000Methods\u0000This study was a secondary analysis of data from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS-2015). The data of 5,053 men aged 55 years or older who were either Latino, non-Latino, African-American, or White were analyzed. Years of schooling was the independent variable. The dependent variable was taking a PSA test sometime during one's lifetime. Age, region, and employment were the control variables. Ethnicity was the focal moderating variable. Binary logistic regression was used for data analysis.\u0000\u0000\u0000Results\u0000A higher number of years of schooling was associated with higher odds of having taken a PSA test, net of all confounders. Ethnicity showed a significant statistical interaction with years of schooling on having taken a PSA test. This interaction was suggestive of a smaller slope for Latino men than non-Latino men. White and African American men did not show differential effects of years of schooling on having taken a PSA test.\u0000\u0000\u0000Conclusion\u0000Similar to the MDRs patterns in other domains, non-Latino White men show more health gain from their years of schooling than Latino men. Highly educated Latino men still need programs to encourage their use of prostate cancer screening.","PeriodicalId":32113,"journal":{"name":"Hospital Practices and Research","volume":"25 1","pages":"64-69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79768905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Importance of Breastfeeding Based on Islamic Rules and Qur’an","authors":"S. Mehrpisheh, A. Memarian, M. Ameri, M. S. Isfeedvajani","doi":"10.34172/hpr.2020.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/hpr.2020.08","url":null,"abstract":"The Qur’an, the word of God, is the best book that has been revealed to guide human beings contains a complete plan of human life. However, in addition to educational, ethical, and religious issues, it also contains valuable scientific information. Several verses in the Holy Qur’an discuss the importance of breast milk and its proper planning. Qur’an also orders up parents, especially mothers, for getting this goddamn blessing to their children. Qur’an verses as well as Islamic hadiths emphasize that breast milk is an unparalleled and comprehensive food that plays a valuable and unique role in the improvement of mental health, physical development, and desirable development of children. Based on Islamic sources, such as the Holy Qur’an and the traditions of the Prophet (PBUH) and Islamic hadith, there are some interesting and important points about breastfeeding, its benefits and its provisions. The Qur’an verses and Islamic hadiths emphasize the importance of breastfeeding and the importance of continuing it until 24 months. The description of these hadiths and verses is presented in the text. Considering the religious and Qur’an educations regarding the importance of breastfeeding infants, it can be concluded that breastfeeding contains the most complete immune and growth factors in the infant. In addition to physical needs, breastfeeding provides emotional and mental development and also gives countless benefits to the mother.","PeriodicalId":32113,"journal":{"name":"Hospital Practices and Research","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81053089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Love in the Time of Corona","authors":"S. Hashemian, A. Azimi, M. Pourhoseingholi","doi":"10.34172/hpr.2020.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/hpr.2020.07","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p>\u0000 </jats:p>","PeriodicalId":32113,"journal":{"name":"Hospital Practices and Research","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78700652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined Effects of Race and Educational Attainment on Physician Visits Over 24 Years in a National Sample of Middle-Aged and Older Americans.","authors":"Shervin Assari","doi":"10.34172/hpr.2020.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/hpr.2020.04","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The literature on Minorities' Diminished Returns (MDRs) have shown worse than expected health of the members of racial and ethnic minority groups particularly Blacks. Theoretically, this effect can be in part due to weaker effects of educational attainment on preventive care and disease management in highly educated racial and ethnic minorities.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The current study explored the racial and ethnic differences in the effect of baseline educational attainment on % adherance to the routine physician visits among middle-aged and older adults in the US.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a prospective study with 24 years of follow up. The Health and Retirement Study (HRS: 1992-2016) included 10 880 middle-aged and older adults who were Hispanic, non-Hispanic, Black or White. The independent variable was educational attainment. The dependent variable was adherance to the routine physician visits (%). Age, gender, marital status, income, health behaviors (smoking and drinking) and health (depression, self-rated health, and chronic diseases) were the covariates. Race and ethnicity were the focal moderators. Linear regression was used for data analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, higher educational attainment was associated with higher % of adherance to the routine physician visits over the course of follow-up, net of all confounders. Race showed a significant statistical interaction with educational attainment suggesting of a smaller effect of high education attainment on % adherance to the routine physician visits for Black than White middle-aged and older adults. A similar interaction could not be found for the comparison of Hispanic and non-Hispanic middle-aged and older adults.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Educational attainment is associated with a larger increase in preventive and disease management doctor visits for White than Black middle-aged and older adults. This is a missed opportunity to improve the health of highly educated middle-aged and older adults. It is not race/ethnicity or class that shapes health behaviors but race/ethnicity and class that shape people's pro-health behaviors. At least some of the racial health disparities is not due to low SES but diminished returns of SES.</p>","PeriodicalId":32113,"journal":{"name":"Hospital Practices and Research","volume":"5 1","pages":"17-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37979682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prostate Cancer Screening in Middle-Aged and Older American Men: Combined Effects of Ethnicity and Years of Schooling.","authors":"Shervin Assari","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Prostate cancer screening is more commonly utilized by highly educated people. As shown by marginalization-related diminished returns (MDRs), the effects of socioeconomic status (SES) such as education on the health outcomes are considerably smaller for ethnic minorities than for Whites. The role of MDRs as a source of ethnic health disparities is, however, still unknown.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The current study had two aims: first, to explore the association between years of schooling and having taken a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test among men in the US, and second, to explore ethnic differences in this association.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was a secondary analysis of data from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS-2015). The data of 5,053 men aged 55 years or older who were either Latino, non-Latino, African-American, or White were analyzed. Years of schooling was the independent variable. The dependent variable was taking a PSA test sometime during one's lifetime. Age, region, and employment were the control variables. Ethnicity was the focal moderating variable. Binary logistic regression was used for data analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A higher number of years of schooling was associated with higher odds of having taken a PSA test, net of all confounders. Ethnicity showed a significant statistical interaction with years of schooling on having taken a PSA test. This interaction was suggestive of a smaller slope for Latino men than non-Latino men. White and African American men did not show differential effects of years of schooling on having taken a PSA test.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Similar to the MDRs patterns in other domains, non-Latino White men show more health gain from their years of schooling than Latino men. Highly educated Latino men still need programs to encourage their use of prostate cancer screening.</p>","PeriodicalId":32113,"journal":{"name":"Hospital Practices and Research","volume":"5 2","pages":"64-69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7416895/pdf/nihms-1615102.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38262648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 Pandemic and Neurological Disease: A Critical Review of the Existing Literature.","authors":"Shervin Assari","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Most of what we know about the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is limited to what we know about severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and COVID-19's epidemiology, fatality, and acute care. However, infection with COVID-19 may also involve the central nervous system (CNS), which may or may not be due to a multi-organ injury. Our aim in this paper is to briefly summarize the main aspects of the growing literature on neurological manifestations of the COVID-19 infection. As such, after mentioning some general background on the economic and medical implications of the pandemic on individuals, the healthcare system, and the society, we summarize some common aspects of the published literature on neurological manifestations of the COVID-19 infection. We also highlight the existing gaps in the literature, which requires additional work. The most common neurological manifestation of COVID-19 infection is an olfactory deficit. However, it is still unknown if it is inflammatory or degenerative in nature. Still, the incidence of neurological complications, and also their mechanisms and treatments are unknown. This literature is predominantly composed of opinions and reviews rather than original articles, so the patients' data are not used for a majority of the studies. Multi-center studies that not only conduct chest CT or MRI but also brain CT or MRI are needed. Randomized trials are still required on the management of acute and chronic neurological conditions due to COVID-19 infection. Cohort studies may also determine the natural history of the conditions and factors that are prognostic. Furthermore, while disparities in COVID-19 infections are known, inequalities in neurological manifestations are unknown. Besides this, the efficacy of specific treatments on CNS involvement is still unknown. We will discuss the health care needs of patients with chronic neurological conditions. We Included a few recommendations for practice and further research at the end of this paper.</p>","PeriodicalId":32113,"journal":{"name":"Hospital Practices and Research","volume":"5 3","pages":"81-86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38616576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 Pandemic and Neurological Disease: A Critical Review of the Existing Literature.","authors":"S. Assari","doi":"10.34172/HPR.2020.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/HPR.2020.16","url":null,"abstract":"Most of what we know about the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is limited to what we know about severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and COVID-19's epidemiology, fatality, and acute care. However, infection with COVID-19 may also involve the central nervous system (CNS), which may or may not be due to a multi-organ injury. Our aim in this paper is to briefly summarize the main aspects of the growing literature on neurological manifestations of the COVID-19 infection. As such, after mentioning some general background on the economic and medical implications of the pandemic on individuals, the healthcare system, and the society, we summarize some common aspects of the published literature on neurological manifestations of the COVID-19 infection. We also highlight the existing gaps in the literature, which requires additional work. The most common neurological manifestation of COVID-19 infection is an olfactory deficit. However, it is still unknown if it is inflammatory or degenerative in nature. Still, the incidence of neurological complications, and also their mechanisms and treatments are unknown. This literature is predominantly composed of opinions and reviews rather than original articles, so the patients' data are not used for a majority of the studies. Multi-center studies that not only conduct chest CT or MRI but also brain CT or MRI are needed. Randomized trials are still required on the management of acute and chronic neurological conditions due to COVID-19 infection. Cohort studies may also determine the natural history of the conditions and factors that are prognostic. Furthermore, while disparities in COVID-19 infections are known, inequalities in neurological manifestations are unknown. Besides this, the efficacy of specific treatments on CNS involvement is still unknown. We will discuss the health care needs of patients with chronic neurological conditions. We Included a few recommendations for practice and further research at the end of this paper.","PeriodicalId":32113,"journal":{"name":"Hospital Practices and Research","volume":"14 1","pages":"81-86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75058637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quality of Life in Patients With Liver Cirrhosis: A Systematic Review","authors":"M. Pazokian, M. Esmaeili","doi":"10.15171/hpr.2019.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15171/hpr.2019.23","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Background: Quality of life (QOL) is a powerful phrase that reflects maintaining health and well-being in different societies and cultures, reflecting the positive and negative aspects of people’s lives. Patients with liver cirrhosis (LC) have an undesirable QOL, and this has become one of the most important causes of mortality in the world. Objective: This review article aimed to summarize the results of previous studies on health-related QOL in patients with LC to determine their problems and needs. Methods: This review was conducted using Cochran’s seven-step model. This paper is the result of research on QOL in patients with LC through searches conducted in Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct using the keywords liver cirrhosis, chronic liver disease, quality of life, health-related quality of life, and self-care for articles published between 2012-2018. Ultimately, 11 articles were obtained and analyzed. Results: The results of this review showed that the QOL in patients with LC is poor and is lower than in other populations. Many factors, such as age, gender, and education, influence QOL and should be addressed in order to solve the challenges and problems faced by these patients. Increasing awareness and education are the most important issues for LC patients. Conclusion: QOL in patients with LC is affected by many factors. The lack of awareness about the disease and its complications is considered the biggest problem for these patients. To improve the QOL and care of these patients, nursing care guidelines, awareness raising, and education about the disease and its complications, treatment, and new treatments are needed.","PeriodicalId":32113,"journal":{"name":"Hospital Practices and Research","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72519409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Epidemiology, Therapeutic Patterns, Outcome, and Challenges in Managing Septic Shock in a Sub-Saharan African Intensive Care Unit: A CrossSectional Study","authors":"Junette Arlette Metogo Mbengono, Junette Arlette Metogo Mbengono, J. Tochie, Ferdinand Ndom Ntock, Yves Bertrand Nzoaungo, S. Kona, Glwadys Ngono Atéba, Cassandra Tocko, Aminata Colibaly, G. Beyiha, G. Beyiha, J. Minkande","doi":"10.15171/hpr.2019.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15171/hpr.2019.24","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Background: Septic shock (SS) is a health priority in sub-Saharan Africa. However, there is a dearth of data in this regard. Objective: This study aimed to determine the epidemiology, therapeutic patterns, outcome, and challenges in managing SS in a tertiary intensive care unit (ICU) of sub-Saharan Africa. Methods: The hospital files of 36 consecutive patients admitted to the ICU of the Douala General Hospital (DGH), Cameroon over the year 2018 were reviewed for SS. SS was diagnosed based on Sepsis-3 definition. Demographic and clinical characteristics, treatment details, and outcomes of patients with SS were reviewed. Data was analyzed using the chi-square or Fisher exact tests and Bonferroni correction. Results: SS accounted for 36 (9.4%) ICU admissions. The majority of patients were males (63.9%). The most common site of infection was the lungs. The mean age, average mean arterial pressure (MAP), and mean sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score of patients were 52.9±25.2 years, 52±18 mm Hg, and 9.2 ±2.3, respectively. Noradrenaline was the sole vasopressor used. Therapeutic challenges included the inability to have a specific antibiogram before a mean duration of 7 days. The mortality rate was 39% and associated with age ≤1 year, MAP ≤ 65 mm Hg, Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) ≤8, and mechanical ventilation, which were not attenuated after Bonferroni correction. Conclusion: SS is a frequent cause of ICU admission and is associated with a high mortality rate. SS mortality-related factors can be screened during SS management for more aggressive ICU management geared at preventing death.","PeriodicalId":32113,"journal":{"name":"Hospital Practices and Research","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73846042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The 10-Year Incidence Trend of Common Cancers at a Referral Hospital in Tehran, Iran From 2007 to 2016","authors":"H. Sanaeinasab, E. D. Monfared, A. K. Zarchi, M. Saffari, A. Delavari","doi":"10.15171/HPR.2019.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15171/HPR.2019.16","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Common cancers such as colon, breast, and lung cancer are increasing in developing countries. Objective: This study was conducted to determine 10-year trends and changes in common cancers in patients from a referral hospital in Tehran, Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study investigated a study population comprising colon, stomach, lung, prostate, and breast cancer patients registered at the cancer center of a referral hospital in Tehran, Iran from April 1, 2007 to the end of March, 2016 (n=4472). Inclusion criteria were a definitive diagnosis of cancer and an age between 15 and 75 years. Data was entered into SPSS (version 18) software and analyzed using the Time Series analysis and Scatter IO graph. Results: Significant correlations (P value <0.001) were seen between age increases in patients and the increasing number of patients in any type of cancer. With almost all of the five studied cancers, incidence increased with aging (P value <0.001). The incremental linear trend in the age of patients with lung (P value = 0.008) and colon (P value = 0.004) cancers and the decreasing trend in the age of prostate cancer patients (P value = 0.001) were statistically significant. Conclusion: The incidence of cancer has increased over the past 10 years in both genders and ages. It is suggested that future studies should address the causes and factors behind the increasing incidence of common cancers.","PeriodicalId":32113,"journal":{"name":"Hospital Practices and Research","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90471861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}