Journal of Agricultural and Marine Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Old ways in a changing space: the issue of camel pastoralism in Dhofar.","authors":"A. T. ElMahi","doi":"10.24200/JAMS.VOL16ISS0PP51-64","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24200/JAMS.VOL16ISS0PP51-64","url":null,"abstract":"In the Arabian Peninsula, the Dhofar region is rich in camels. This national wealth has always been administered by traditional nomadic pastoral management, which must have evolved in Oman with the introduction of camels as domesticates in prehistoric times. In this region, camels have always depended on the free grazing system which is governed by tribal territoriality. Today, Dhofar is experiencing an extensive process of development. Land value has increased immensely, to the extent that it cannot be used for camel pastoralism. Furthermore, traditional camel management has always been directed to meet requirements of a subsistence economy. It has never managed to convert to the organization of political economy. This paper intends to raise the alarm that national wealth is endangered by certain challenges. The paper proposes certain ideas that might assist in safeguarding and investing in a national asset.","PeriodicalId":32106,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural and Marine Sciences","volume":"16 1","pages":"51-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69288487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fish Kill Incidents and Harmful Algal Blooms in Omani Waters","authors":"H. A. Gheilani, K. Matsuoka, A. Alkindi, S. Amer, C. Waring","doi":"10.24200/JAMS.VOL16ISS0PP23-33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24200/JAMS.VOL16ISS0PP23-33","url":null,"abstract":"Red tide, one of the harmful algal blooms (HABs) is a natural ecological phenomenon and often this event is accompanied by severe impacts on coastal resources, local economies, and public health. The occurrence of red tides has become more frequent in Omani waters in recent years. Some of them caused fish kill, damaged fishery resources and mariculture, threatened the marine environment and the osmosis membranes of desalination plants. However, a number of them have been harmless. The most common dinoflagellate Noctiluca scintillans is associated with the red tide events in Omani waters. Toxic species like Karenia selliformis, Prorocentrum arabianum, and Trichodesmium erythraeum have also been reported recently. Although red tides in Oman have been considered a consequence of upwelling in the summer season (May to September), recent phytoplankton outbreaks in Oman are not restricted to summer. Frequent algal blooms have been reported during winter (December to March). HABs may have contributed to hypoxia and/or other negative ecological impacts.","PeriodicalId":32106,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural and Marine Sciences","volume":"16 1","pages":"23-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69288404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment of Monogenic Parasites in Imported Hybrid Mono Sex Red Tilapia Fries (Oreochromis SPP) in the Sultanate of Oman","authors":"A. Mahmoud, A. N. Gindy","doi":"10.24200/JAMS.VOL16ISS0PP35-40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24200/JAMS.VOL16ISS0PP35-40","url":null,"abstract":"In February, 2008, 12000 fries of monosex red tilapia hybrid (Oreochromis SPP) of 0.2 g and 12000 fries of monosex Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) of 0.5 g were imported from a hatchery in South East Asia and stocked in concrete raceways at an agriculture farm in the Barka Region about 80 km from Muscat. Three days after stocking, mortality problems were observed. The preliminary inspection revealed abnormal flashing movements of the fish with body scratching against the walls. Faint grayish white discoloration was observed externally on the skin and fins with focal hemorrhagic areas. Examination of skin and gill biopsies demonstrated the presence of a large number of small sized monogenea parasitic worms attacking the tissue of these body regions. Histopathological observations revealed tissue reactions against the parasites and demonstrated a severe dermatitis of the skin, lamellar oedema and hyperplasia of the branchial tissue. A concomitant treatment regime using mebendazole, salt and formalin was practiced for three successive days and repeated three times every week together with parallel management procedures to enhance water quality during treatment. After treatment, a reduction of mortality was noticed within three days and completely ceased after one week at which time biopsy examinations revealed the absence of any parasitic agents. There were no deaths reported among the Nile tilapia, which were raised on the same farm.","PeriodicalId":32106,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural and Marine Sciences","volume":"16 1","pages":"35-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69288411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship Between Body Composition and Performance of Local Turkey","authors":"R. M. Khuleel","doi":"10.24200/JAMS.VOL16ISS0PP75-81","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24200/JAMS.VOL16ISS0PP75-81","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined the relationship between carcass composition and performance traits of local turkey fed starter diet (30.2% protein, 2950 kcal/kg ME). At 8 week of age, male and female chicks were separated and reared in individual cages until 16 weeks of age. At the end of the experiment, the birds were slaughtered and carcasses were analyzed for chemical composition to predict chemical composition (moisture, ash, protein and fat) from performance traits such as initial body weight (g) at 8wk, final live body weight (g) at 16wk, daily weight gain (g), daily feed intake (g), feed conversion ratio, daily protein intake (g), protein conversion ratio, dressing-out percentage. There were significant correlations between moisture, protein and fat; between ash, protein, fat and dressing-out percentage; between protein, fat and dressing-out percentage; between fat, moisture, ash, protein, live body weight, feed conversion ratio, protein conversion ratio and dressing-out percentage. Although the coefficient of correlation (R 2 ) for prediction equations was not high, the moisture content equation depends on feed conversion ratio while for ash, protein and fat depends on dressing-out percentage.","PeriodicalId":32106,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural and Marine Sciences","volume":"16 1","pages":"75-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69288637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The in vitro activity of a range of natural bioflavonoids against five species of pathogenic fish bacteria.","authors":"G. Yoon, Sarah Al Jufaili, Aliya Al Ghabshi, Nashwa Al Mazrooei","doi":"10.24200/JAMS.VOL16ISS0PP41-50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24200/JAMS.VOL16ISS0PP41-50","url":null,"abstract":"The in vitro antibacterial activity of thirty two plant-derived compounds (26 crude herbal extraction and 6 pure citrus-based bioflavonoids) were tested on five different species of aquatic bacterial pathogens (Aeromonas hydrophila, A. salmonicida, A. sobria, Edwardsiella ictaluri, and E. tarda) over a period of 72 hours at 22 o C. From the agar diffusion test, six pure citrus-based bioflavonoids (apigenin, catechin, hesperidin, morin, naringin and quercetin) appeared to impact on growth when used at concentrations ranging from 10 ppm - 1000 ppm. To confirm their effect on the growth dynamics of each bacteria, a 1000 ppm dose of the appropriate bioflavonoid was added to a bacterial culture and daily changes in culture growth were measured. Quercetin was found to be bacteriocidal against all the bacterial strains. Morin was found to be bacteriocidal against only 4 out of 6 strains while hesperidin was found to affect the growth of all the tested bacterial strains, working both as a bacteriocidal and as a bacteriostatic agent. Apigenin performed poorly and had no effect on the growth of any bacterial strain while catechin and naringin were found to be generally bacteriostatic in action but had little impact on the growth of the Aeromonad strains. From the current in vitro work, it was concluded that certain plant extracts do have an impact on the growth dynamics of select bacteria and show potential as alternatives to the use of antimicrobials, but further research is required to assess their performance in vivo.","PeriodicalId":32106,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural and Marine Sciences","volume":"4 1","pages":"41-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69288419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Omani Coastal Traditional Sardine Fishery 1994-2007: A Review","authors":"S. Al‐Jufaili, Omar S. Al-Jahwari","doi":"10.24200/JAMS.VOL16ISS0PP1-12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24200/JAMS.VOL16ISS0PP1-12","url":null,"abstract":"The Omani coastal fishery is categorized into small pelagics, large pelagics, demersals, shellfishes, and sharks and rays. During the period 1994-2007 the small pelagics contributed 39 and 21% to the total Omani fisheries landings and values respectively. During 1994-2007 sardines alone contributed 76 and 51% to the total small pelagics landings and values, respectively. Al-Batina and Muscat regions contributed the highest to the total landings; among other Omani regions, Musandam, Muscat, and Sharqiya and Al-Wusta regions. Total sardines prices ranges from 114 to 225 Omani Rials per ton depending on where the sardines are coming from. On the other hand, Al-Batina and Muscat regions contributed the most in the total sardine values. Few gonadosomatic index studies indicated two major spawning peaks: a major one occurred during March-April and a minor one in September-October.","PeriodicalId":32106,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural and Marine Sciences","volume":"16 1","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69288253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hematophagous Flies in Dhofar (Sultanate of Oman): A Limiting Factor and a Potential Pathogenic Vector","authors":"A. T. ElMahi","doi":"10.24200/JAMS.VOL16ISS0PP65-73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24200/JAMS.VOL16ISS0PP65-73","url":null,"abstract":"In Dhofar, pastoralists take certain precautionary measures against hematophagous flies: Haematobia minuta Bezzi, Musca crassirostris Stein and Forcipomyia (lasiohelea) whitcombei Boorman. Through their feeding on domesticated animals, these flies impede pasturing in certain areas during the rainy season (Khareef); hence they act as a limiting ecological factor and a custodian of the flora. The possibility that these flies could be potential pathogenic vectors has not been investigated in Oman, although in other parts of the world they are recognized as carriers of disease agents. The paper draws attention to this issue in Dhofar.","PeriodicalId":32106,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural and Marine Sciences","volume":"17 1","pages":"65-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69288614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Assessment of Omani Native Sheep Fiber Production and Quality Characteristics","authors":"O. Mahgoub, I. Kadim, Ahmed Al-Dhahab, R. Bello, I. Al-Amri, Aisha A. Ambu Ali, S. Khalaf","doi":"10.24200/JAMS.VOL15ISS0PP9-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24200/JAMS.VOL15ISS0PP9-14","url":null,"abstract":"Wool production and quality measurements were carried out on 100 Omani native female sheep (body weight 38.6 ± 5.5 kg; age 993 ± 488 d). Sheep were kept in partially shaded pens and fed ad libitum Rhodes grass hay (crude protein 8.83%) plus a daily amount of 200 g general ruminant concentrate (crude protein 16.5% DM). Animals were shorn once a year and samples were taken from the left mid-side site to determine fleece and fiber characteristics. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to study the fine appearance of the wool fibers. A skin sample was used to study the histological arrangement and number of secondary and primary follicles. The greasy fleece weight (GFW) in Omani sheep ranged between 0.50- 2.65 kg (mean 1.12 ± 0.43 kg) and the GFW expressed as a percentage of BW ranged between 1.0-7.6 with a mean of 2.9 ± 1.16. Clean wool yield in Omani sheep fleece ranged between 57.1 and 88.4% with a mean of 76.4 ± 7.6. Omani sheep fleece contained various staple shapes and had a mean staple length of 22.9 ± 1.16 cm, 4.3 ± 0.8 crimps per staple; and a mean fiber diameter of 46 ± 12 µm. Electron microscopy revealed three types of fibers; wrap-around, angled type and polygonal and elongated scales. This study indicated a wide variation in the wool characteristics of Omani native sheep fleece, which suggested that selection may be employed to improve wool production and quality in these sheep.","PeriodicalId":32106,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural and Marine Sciences","volume":"15 1","pages":"9-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69288249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental Factors Affecting Fleece Traits in Raeini Cashmere Goat","authors":"M. Salehi, Masood Asadi-Fozi, A. Mirhadi, M. Afshar","doi":"10.24200/JAMS.VOL15ISS0PP15-19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24200/JAMS.VOL15ISS0PP15-19","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to evaluate some environmental factors (sex, age and management system) on fibrecharacteristics of Raeini Cashmere goats in Baft stations (BS) and of Raeini Cashmere goats raised in nomadic conditions (NC) as commercial flocks. Fiber samples including cashmere and hair were taken from 150 and 120 Raeini Cashmere goats (aged 1-8 years old) from BS and NC, respectively. The Fleece traits measured included staple length (SL), percentage of cashmere in fleece (C), percentage of guard hair in fleece (H), cashmere's mean fiber diameter (CMFD) and the coefficient of variation of cashmere's fiber diameter (CVFD). Mean SL, C, H, CMFD and CVFD in BS were 6.35 ±0.1 cm, 66.51± 0.72 %, 33.5 ± 0.72 %, 20.19 ±0.11 micron and 19.57± 0.21% and thosein NC were 5.62 ± 0.1 cm, 69.06 ± 0.74 %, 30.94 ±0.74 %, 19.53±0.15 micron and 17.88 ± 0.19 %, respectively. There were significant differences (P<0.05) between the two production management systems for all traits investigated. The value for C was significantly higher in males than females (P<0.05). The results showed that the fleece traits were affected by age. However, the effect of age on these traits was not the same. Significant phenotypic correlations were found between SL and CMFD (0.16) and between SL and CVFD (0.13). The results of this study indicated that the fixed effects of age, sex and management systems as well as the relationship between fleece traits should  be considered in the Raeini Cashmere goat breeding programs.","PeriodicalId":32106,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural and Marine Sciences","volume":"15 1","pages":"15-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69288094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of transportation and low voltage electrical stimulation on meat quality characteristics of Omani sheep.","authors":"I. Kadim, O. Mahgoub, W. Al-Marzooqi, S. Khalaf","doi":"10.24200/JAMS.VOL15ISS0PP1-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24200/JAMS.VOL15ISS0PP1-8","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to determine the effects of road transportation during the hot season (36 oC) and low voltage electrical stimulation on meat quality characteristics of Omani sheep. Twenty intact male sheep (1-year old) were divided into two equal groups: 3 hrs transported or non-transported. The transported group was transferred to the slaughterhouse the day of slaughter in an open truck covering a distance of approximately 300 km. The non-transported group was kept in a lairage of a commercial slaughterhouse with ad libitum feed and water for 3 days prior to slaughter. Blood samples were collected from the animals before loading and prior to slaughter in order to assess their physiological response to stress in terms of hormonal levels. Fifty percent of the carcasses from each group were randomly assigned to low voltage (90 V) at 20 min postmortem. Muscle ultimate pH, expressed juice, cooking loss percentage, WB-shear force value, sarcomere length, myofibrillar fragmentation index and colour L*, a*, b* were measured on samples from Longissimus dorsi muscles collected 24 hrs postmortem at 2-4 oC. The transported sheep had significantly (P<0.05) higher cortisol adrenaline, nor-adrenaline, and dopamine levels than the non-transported group. Muscles from electrically-stimulated carcasses had significantly (P<0.05) lower pH values, longer sarcomere length, lower shear force value, higher expressed juice, myofibrillar fragmentation index and L* values than those from non-stimulated ones. Transportation significantly influenced meat quality characteristics of the Longissimus dorsi muscle. Muscle ultimate pH and shear force values were significantly higher, while CIE L*, a*, b*, expressed juice and cooking loss were lower in transported than non-transported sheep. This study indicated that pre-slaughter transportation at high ambient temperatures can cause noticeable changes in muscle physiology in sheep. Nevertheless, meat quality of transported sheep can be improved by electrical stimulation post-slaughter.","PeriodicalId":32106,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural and Marine Sciences","volume":"15 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69288147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}