Journal of Agricultural and Marine Sciences最新文献_第6页

Biofouling on artificial substrata in Muscat waters 马斯喀特水域人工基质上的生物污染

Journal of Agricultural and Marine Sciences Pub Date : 2015-01-01 DOI: 10.24200/JAMS.VOL20ISS0PP24-29

S. Dobretsov

{"title":"Biofouling on artificial substrata in Muscat waters","authors":"S. Dobretsov","doi":"10.24200/JAMS.VOL20ISS0PP24-29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24200/JAMS.VOL20ISS0PP24-29","url":null,"abstract":"Macro-fouling communities developed on acrylic, aluminum, wood and fiberglass panels were investigated after 4 months exposure in Marina Bandar al Rawdah and Marina Shangri La. Wet weight of biofouling was about 2-fold higher in Marina Bandar Rawdah and different communities were formed on the front and back sides of the panels. Differences between communities on different materials were less pronounced. In the second study, wet weight and community composition of macro-fouling communities on ceramic tiles at the depth of 1 m and 5 m in Marina Bandar al Rawdah were investigated. During 2008 – 2010, there were no differences between biomass of communities, while in 2011 biomass of macro-fouling was higher on tiles at 5 m. In December 2008 the minimal weight (0 kg/m 2 ) and in September 2011 the maximal weight (26.3 kg/m 2 ) of macro-fouling communities were recorded. In total, 27 invertebrate fouling species were found, which mostly (33%) belonged to phylum Ectoprocta. Three invasive bryozoan (Bugula neritina, Zoobotryon verticillatum and Schizoporella errata) and one invasive tunicate (Ciona intestinalis) species were observed. Overall, this study indicates high biofouling pressure in Muscat marinas and suggests necessity of future studies of fouling communities in Oman waters.","PeriodicalId":32106,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural and Marine Sciences","volume":"20 1","pages":"24-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69292393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 17

Natural glues and fouling management by interfering with glue curing 天然胶水和污垢管理，干扰胶水固化

Journal of Agricultural and Marine Sciences Pub Date : 2015-01-01 DOI: 10.24200/JAMS.VOL20ISS0PP34-39

D. Rittschof, T. Essock-Burns, G. Dickinson, S. Zmina, N. Alberman

{"title":"Natural glues and fouling management by interfering with glue curing","authors":"D. Rittschof, T. Essock-Burns, G. Dickinson, S. Zmina, N. Alberman","doi":"10.24200/JAMS.VOL20ISS0PP34-39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24200/JAMS.VOL20ISS0PP34-39","url":null,"abstract":"Multidisciplinary approaches and modern technology provide insights to glue curing that are stimulatingand controversial. Our team applies classic and modern theory and techniques to the study of barnacle glue. Techniques include physical measures, bacteriology, behavior, physiology, biochemistry, microscopy, spectroscopy, tomography, tandem mass spectrometry, molecular biology and proteomics. Theory is grounded in evolution and previous literature. Here, we use data from these techniques to support the hypothesis that barnacle glue curing is similar toblood clotting and propose a model for how glue cures. Similar to blood clotting, barnacle glue curing involves enzymatic activation of precursors and rearrangement of structural molecules to form a crosslinked material. Barnacle larval settlement, bacteriology and biochemical data show glue contains large amounts of small peptides. Their role in glue curing has been overlooked. The peptides comprise 15 to 30% of partially cured glue. Because they have little secondary structure, the peptides can associate with binding domains on the substrate and interface with the larger, well-described structural proteins known in barnacle glue. Enzymes participate in curing of barnacle glue. Siloxanes impact glue-curing enzymes. They potentiate trypsin activity and inhibit transglutaminase activity. Changing enzymeactivity impacts how glue cures. Disrupting the curing process of biological glues is central to effective cleaning strategies for fouling management. Thus silicones that interfere with enzyme activity have potential as additives in easy cleansurfaces. The environmental impacts of organosilicones that are generated by biological processes need to be addressed","PeriodicalId":32106,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural and Marine Sciences","volume":"20 1","pages":"34-39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69292554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Marine biotechnology: Emerging opportunities and future perspectives 海洋生物技术:新出现的机会和未来的前景

Journal of Agricultural and Marine Sciences Pub Date : 2015-01-01 DOI: 10.24200/JAMS.VOL20ISS0PP7-7

S. Goddard

{"title":"Marine biotechnology: Emerging opportunities and future perspectives","authors":"S. Goddard","doi":"10.24200/JAMS.VOL20ISS0PP7-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24200/JAMS.VOL20ISS0PP7-7","url":null,"abstract":"T he rapid growth of genetic, cellular and molecular technologies is enabling scientists to explore and develop marine resources for widespread applications in the food, medical, pharmaceutical, environmental and energy industries. Marine biotechnology products and services were estimated at 2.8 billion euros in 2010, with a cumulative annual growth rate of 4-5% (Marine Board-European Science Foundation, 2010) The Sultanate of Oman occupies a strategic geographical position and has a coastline in excess of 3000km, with the Arabian Sea located to the south and the Sea of Oman and Arabian Gulf to the north. These oceans have rich biodiversity and potential resources which we are only beginning to explore. Based on its marine resources, coupled with a rapidly-growing educational and research infrastructure, the Sultanate of Oman is well positioned to take advantage of the commercial opportunities presented by marine biotechnology. In recognition of potential development an international symposium was organized by the Center of Excellence in Marine Biotechnology, Sultan Qaboos University. One hundred and forty eight delegates attended the meeting, representing 15 countries. In planning the symposium three major themes were identified viz. Marine Biofouling and its Prevention, Fisheries and Aquaculture Biotechnology and Marine Biodiversity and Natural Products. The topics were selected on the basis of current and planned research activity in Oman and elsewhere in the GCC region. Three keynote addresses were presented, 23 oral presentations made and a poster exhibition held. A final session reviewed national and regional issues and the delegates agreed formally on a number of future actions. Full details of the symposium and the results and analysis of a post-symposium survey on the future development of marine biotechnology are given in Goddard et al. (2015).The symposium was supported logistically and financially by Sultan Qaboos University, The Research Council, and the","PeriodicalId":32106,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural and Marine Sciences","volume":"20 1","pages":"7-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69294090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Culture conditions affect the nutritional value of the copepod Acartia tonsa 培养条件对桡足动物的营养价值有影响

Journal of Agricultural and Marine Sciences Pub Date : 2015-01-01 DOI: 10.24200/JAMS.VOL20ISS0PP40-46

A. Malzahn, Nicole Aberle-Malzahn, K. Schoo, M. Boersma

引用次数: 2

Microfouling on biocidal and non-biocidal antifouling coatings 杀菌剂和非杀菌剂防污涂料的微污染

Journal of Agricultural and Marine Sciences Pub Date : 2015-01-01 DOI: 10.24200/JAMS.VOL20ISS0PP30-33

T. Muthukrishnan, S. Dobretsov

{"title":"Microfouling on biocidal and non-biocidal antifouling coatings","authors":"T. Muthukrishnan, S. Dobretsov","doi":"10.24200/JAMS.VOL20ISS0PP30-33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24200/JAMS.VOL20ISS0PP30-33","url":null,"abstract":"Although antifouling marine paints have been used to prevent biofouling, not much is known about their effectiveness in preventing attachment of microorganisms. The current study aims at estimating the abundance of bacteria within biofilms developed on various commercial antifouling coatings in Marina Bandar Rowdha and Marina Shangri La, Oman. Coatings tested included Pettit #1863 and #1792, West Marine #11046620, #5566252 and #10175206, Hempel Hard Racing #76484, Hempel Olympic #86950, Hempasil X3 and International YBA920. All coatings were applied on clean plastic slides. Slides without any coating were used as controls. Microbial biofilms were harvested after 2, 7 and 14 days of biofouling. Bacterial density was estimated using epifluorescence microscopy. There was a significant difference between the various treatments (coatings and control) after 2, 7 and 14 days of biofouling. Although there were significant differences between both locations after 2 and 14 days of biofouling, no significant difference was observed after 7 days of biofouling at both locations. At Shangri La, the lowest bacterial density was found on International YBA920, Pettit #1792 and Hempasil X3 after 2 days, 7 days and 14 days respectively in comparison to the control treatments. However at Bandar Rowdha, International YBA920 showed the lowest bacterial density after 2 days while West Marine #10175206 showed the lowest bacterial density after both 7 days and 14 days of biofouling in comparison to the control treatment. The differential performance of tested antifouling coatings may be attributed to several factors including varying environmental conditions, difference in microfouling communities, time of exposure and physical and chemical properties of antifouling coating.","PeriodicalId":32106,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural and Marine Sciences","volume":"20 1","pages":"30-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69292457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Zooplankton of Oman Coastal Waters 阿曼沿海水域的浮游动物

Journal of Agricultural and Marine Sciences Pub Date : 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.24200/JAMS.VOL19ISS0PP37-50

S. Piontkovski, A. Al-Maawali, WardalMuna Al-Manthri, K. Al-Hashmi, E. Popova

引用次数: 10

Economic analysis determining the optimal replanting age of date palm 经济分析确定枣树最佳补种年龄

Journal of Agricultural and Marine Sciences Pub Date : 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.24200/JAMS.VOL19ISS0PP51-61

H. Kotagama, Amani J. Al-Alawi, H. Boughanmi, S. Zekri, H. Jayasuriya, M. Mbaga

{"title":"Economic analysis determining the optimal replanting age of date palm","authors":"H. Kotagama, Amani J. Al-Alawi, H. Boughanmi, S. Zekri, H. Jayasuriya, M. Mbaga","doi":"10.24200/JAMS.VOL19ISS0PP51-61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24200/JAMS.VOL19ISS0PP51-61","url":null,"abstract":"Two alternative analytical models were used to estimate the economically optimal age of replanting date palm, namely; Comparison of Equivalent Annual Net Revenue (CEAN) and Multi-Period Linear Programming Model (MPLP). Solution procedures of both models are based on the theory of optimal replacement of capital assets. Data on date palm age-yield relationship and other socio- economic variables were gleaned through a farm survey of 34 large commercial farms, in Izki, Bahla, and Al-Hamra wilayats in the Al- Dakhilya governorate of the Sultanate of Oman. The study estimated the optimal age of replanting date palms as 50-55 years. Both models, CEAN and MPLP gave consistent estimates. The optimal age to replant date palms was sensitive only to changes in the interest rates. Low interest rates shortened the optimal age of date palm replanting. Changes in date price, yield and variable production costs did not change the optimal age of replanting date palms. The incremental revenue that could be accrued to the Sultanate of Oman through replanting date palms was estimated as 7 million OR/ year.","PeriodicalId":32106,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural and Marine Sciences","volume":"43 1","pages":"51-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69289398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11

Traditional Camel Veterinary Treatment Among the Bedouins of Sultanate of Oman: A Case of Recurrent Miscarriages 阿曼苏丹国贝都因人传统骆驼兽医治疗:一例复发性流产

Journal of Agricultural and Marine Sciences Pub Date : 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.24200/JAMS.VOL19ISS0PP71-74

A. T. ElMahi, Yussra Ali Tigani ElMahi

引用次数: 1

Hydrological aspects of electromagnetic surveys. 水文方面的电磁调查。

Journal of Agricultural and Marine Sciences Pub Date : 2014-01-01 DOI: 10.24200/jams.vol19iss0pp63-70

B. Williams, John W. Anderson

引用次数: 0

Surgery of the Dulaa in the Camel (Camelus dromedarius) 骆驼(Camelus dromedarius)杜拉的外科手术

Journal of Agricultural and Marine Sciences Pub Date : 2013-01-01 DOI: 10.24200/JAMS.VOL18ISS0PP25-29

R. Ramadan

{"title":"Surgery of the Dulaa in the Camel (Camelus dromedarius)","authors":"R. Ramadan","doi":"10.24200/JAMS.VOL18ISS0PP25-29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24200/JAMS.VOL18ISS0PP25-29","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was carried out on 45 native adult dromedary camels suffering from disorders of the dulaa. Clinical signs were those of dysphagia and or dyspnoea. Twenty-four camels (53.33%) were unable to inflate or extrude their dulaas. These signs were associated with pharyngeal swelling. Therefore the animals were examined radiographically. Fifteen (33.33%) camels suffered from collapsed and persistent protrusion of the dulaas. Four (8.9%) camels had previous episodes of dysfunction of the dulaa and the owner requested elective surgical excision. The remaining 2 (4.44%) animals had previous excision by healers and developed granulation tissue. Surgical management was achieved after light sedation using xylazine (2% Rompun, Bayer) supplemented with local infiltration analgesia or followed by induction of anaesthesia using ketamine hydrochloride (Ketamidore). The operations were carried out either through the oral cavity or following a pharyngostomy incision at the inter-mandibular region. In the latter instances, temporary tracheotomy was needed. The prevalent surgical affections were impaction with food material associated with ulcer or echymosis or abscesses. Less severe maladies were those of persistent protrusion accompanied with edema, haematoma, lacerations, small foci of abscesses and gangrene. The prognosis was favourable. The study included surgical anatomy, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), as well as radiography of the dulaa in health and disease.","PeriodicalId":32106,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural and Marine Sciences","volume":"18 1","pages":"25-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69288865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1