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Artificial Intelligence v. Personal Data 人工智能诉个人数据
Polish Political Science Yearbook Pub Date : 2022-12-31 DOI: 10.15804/ppsy202240
Katarzyna Chałubińska-Jentkiewicz, Monika Nowikowska
{"title":"Artificial Intelligence v. Personal Data","authors":"Katarzyna Chałubińska-Jentkiewicz, Monika Nowikowska","doi":"10.15804/ppsy202240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy202240","url":null,"abstract":"The world is constantly changing under the influence of new technologies. Artificial intelligence systems are currently used in many areas of human activity. Such systems are increasingly assigned the tasks of collecting and analysing personal data. The areas successfully using AI include transport, medicine, trade, marketing, and others. The number of these areas increases proportionally with the advancement of technology. We can process vast amounts of data and analyse it using IA. It is, of course, big data that sits at the heart of AI. As computing systems generally have grown in power and capacity, data consumption has grown exponentially.","PeriodicalId":32104,"journal":{"name":"Polish Political Science Yearbook","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41862000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Arab Nationalism in Syria 叙利亚的阿拉伯民族主义
Polish Political Science Yearbook Pub Date : 2022-12-31 DOI: 10.15804/ppsy202251
Anita Adamczyk, Fuad Jomma
{"title":"Arab Nationalism in Syria","authors":"Anita Adamczyk, Fuad Jomma","doi":"10.15804/ppsy202251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy202251","url":null,"abstract":"Syria is one of many countries in the Middle East diverse in terms of religion, nationality, and ethnicity. Internal divisions emerged when Syria reclaimed independence in 1946, but the differences inside Syrian society have become a taboo. One of the reasons for that was Arab nationalism, which claimed that they were all Arabs. The Syrian authorities managed to maintain the appearance of national homogeneity owing to these claims. This article aims to show the uniqueness of Arab nationalism, which is not characteristic of one country but of numerous states sharing a common past, language, and their citizens belonging to the family of the Arab nation. As a case study for Syria, this article analyses the basic concepts relevant to the subject (nationalism, the nation from the perspective of Islam, and Arab thought), the roots of pan-Arabism in Syria and its presence in the public and legal space. It also attempts to demonstrate that Arab nationalism helped the Syrian authorities (represented by the Alawite minority) blur national, ethnic, and religious differences and thus preserve the unity of society and state.","PeriodicalId":32104,"journal":{"name":"Polish Political Science Yearbook","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42201183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Ukrainian-War Refugees in Poland: Assessment and Recommendations for Crisis Preparedness Education and Implementation 在波兰的乌克兰战争难民：对危机准备教育和实施的评估和建议
Polish Political Science Yearbook Pub Date : 2022-12-31 DOI: 10.15804/ppsy202248
Krzysztof Goniewicz
{"title":"Ukrainian-War Refugees in Poland: Assessment and Recommendations for Crisis Preparedness Education and Implementation","authors":"Krzysztof Goniewicz","doi":"10.15804/ppsy202248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy202248","url":null,"abstract":"Contemporary crises, including armed conflicts, terrorist attacks, and other disasters, affect the most vulnerable groups of the world population, i.e., women, children, the elderly, people with disabilities, and refugees. The current refugee crisis caused by Russia’s aggression against Ukraine has revealed several problems, the effective solutions of which constitute a starting point for systemic actions. Polish State authorities’ preparedness for crises must consider the possibility of migration waves caused by wars, hunger, and climate change. Effective cooperation between the government administration, local governments, and non-governmental organisations is crucial. Non-governmental agencies’ knowledge base on refugees is essential, as are refugee needs in dealing with local emergency services, government agencies, and other stakeholders to develop culturally competent emergency preparedness training. The proposed solutions focus on separating crisis preparedness education from language and culture training. Targeting resources and mapping the individual steps necessary to create and maintain successful crisis preparedness education should result in updated training sessions as essential elements are revealed in improving the situation of the refugees.","PeriodicalId":32104,"journal":{"name":"Polish Political Science Yearbook","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46684996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Engagement of the Judiciary in the Political Activity of the Ruling Camp. A Case Study of the Venezuelan Supreme Tribunal of Justice 司法机构参与执政阵营的政治活动。委内瑞拉最高法院案例研究
Polish Political Science Yearbook Pub Date : 2022-12-31 DOI: 10.15804/ppsy202261
Wawrzyniec Kowalski
{"title":"Engagement of the Judiciary in the Political Activity of the Ruling Camp. A Case Study of the Venezuelan Supreme Tribunal of Justice","authors":"Wawrzyniec Kowalski","doi":"10.15804/ppsy202261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy202261","url":null,"abstract":"This article aims to define the role played by the Supreme Tribunal of Justice in the political system of contemporary Venezuela and determine the extent of the executive branch’s influence on the judiciary. The research problem formulated by the author concerns the determination of the fundamental importance of the Tribunal in keeping the Chavistas in power. The paper compares the substantive legal competencies of the Supreme Tribunal of Justice with the political realities of recent years and shows why the Tribunal’s activities undertaken in recent years have raised so much controversy. It has been pointed out that the Chavistas’ control of the Supreme Tribunal of Justice is a significant factor enabling the supporters of Nicolas Maduro to exercise both judicial and extrajudicial control over the institutions of the judiciary and to influence the legislature, vide the deprivation of legislative powers already accomplished.","PeriodicalId":32104,"journal":{"name":"Polish Political Science Yearbook","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41413372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Local Government Party in Poland? Casus of National League Association 波兰的地方政府党？全国联盟协会
Polish Political Science Yearbook Pub Date : 2022-12-31 DOI: 10.15804/ppsy202243
Dominik Szczepański
{"title":"A Local Government Party in Poland? Casus of National League Association","authors":"Dominik Szczepański","doi":"10.15804/ppsy202243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy202243","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this paper was to present ideas related to the creation of a self-government party in Poland, bringing together representatives of local authorities, community activists and all those for whom the idea of local self-government built „from the bottom up” was close to their hearts. The idea of creating a local government party appeared several times in discussions of members of Liga Krajowa association, which was an active entity on the political scene, a member of Electoral Action Solidarity of the Right, from the list of which League had its parliamentary representation. These concepts first appeared at the basis of the association's formation and then had a close connection with its further presence on the political scene. The local government party was supposed to be an electoral platform with a specific right-wing and centre-right political orientation, as well as to be the most important support for representatives of local authorities, but all efforts in this regard failed.","PeriodicalId":32104,"journal":{"name":"Polish Political Science Yearbook","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47607519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Toxic Ticking Time-Bomb in the Baltic Sea and Threats to Poland’s Security 波罗的海有毒定时炸弹袭击和对波兰安全的威胁
Polish Political Science Yearbook Pub Date : 2022-12-31 DOI: 10.15804/ppsy202233
R. Willa
{"title":"Toxic Ticking Time-Bomb in the Baltic Sea and Threats to Poland’s Security","authors":"R. Willa","doi":"10.15804/ppsy202233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy202233","url":null,"abstract":"The authors examine the threats from hazardous toxic materials from World War II wrecks sunk in the Baltic Sea and their cargo of chemical ammunition, indicate Poland’s reaction to this situation, and map out Polish obligations in this regard. This problem gives rise to multiple uncertainties about the exact nature of threats to environmental/ecological security, marine security, human security (including health security), economic security and food safety. The authors also elaborate on legal regulations relevant in this context. The research methods include formal-institutional analysis of relevant legal documents and discourse analysis. The main conclusions are: 1. toxic materials in the Baltic Sea threaten ecological, economic, human and security; 2. food safety in all Baltic states might be endangered; Poland should accede to the Nairobi Wreck Removal Convention; and Poland should cooperate regionally to resolve the problem of the Baltic chemical waste.","PeriodicalId":32104,"journal":{"name":"Polish Political Science Yearbook","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47809879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Book Review: Patrycja Olchowska, Społeczna konstrukcja problemu niepodległości Czeczenii, Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek, Toruń 2018, pp. 359. 书评：Patrycja Olchowska，《车臣独立问题的社会建构》，Adam Marszałek出版社，Toruń2018，第359页。
Polish Political Science Yearbook Pub Date : 2022-12-31 DOI: 10.15804/ppsy202234
K. Pietrasik
{"title":"Book Review: Patrycja Olchowska, Społeczna konstrukcja problemu niepodległości Czeczenii, Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek, Toruń 2018, pp. 359.","authors":"K. Pietrasik","doi":"10.15804/ppsy202234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy202234","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":32104,"journal":{"name":"Polish Political Science Yearbook","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48862462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Terrorism and the Hybrid Warfare in Aspect of War in Ukraine 从乌克兰战争看恐怖主义与混合战争
Polish Political Science Yearbook Pub Date : 2022-12-31 DOI: 10.15804/ppsy202254
Wojciech Wróblewski
{"title":"Terrorism and the Hybrid Warfare in Aspect of War in Ukraine","authors":"Wojciech Wróblewski","doi":"10.15804/ppsy202254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy202254","url":null,"abstract":"Contemporary terrorism is characterised by a complex and networked model of operation. While the main objectives of terrorist acts remain the same, the attack environment, tactics and tools are changing. The international community is taking steps to strengthen counter-terrorism systems, but these are peaceful solutions. These models do not consider the conditions of hybrid armed conflicts in which terrorism is an element of combat tactics. It is a relatively new phenomenon and particularly dangerous for the civilian population. The acts of terror in hybrid warfare are not mechanisms with a simple scheme of action, and, as we try to show in this article, they represent a deliberate and broad spectrum of action. Therefore, there is an urgent need to understand terrorism in the context of the threat of hybrid war (especially when terrorist acts complement hybrid tactics or significantly replace conventional tactics). This type of threat must be recognised before achieving its strategic goals. From the substantive point of view, the article studies the problem of terrorism as one of the threats of an armed conflict in Ukraine, commonly known as hybrid war.","PeriodicalId":32104,"journal":{"name":"Polish Political Science Yearbook","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49541218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Restoring the Distinctiveness of Politics: On the Political and the Forms of Rule 恢复政治的独特性：论政治与统治形式
Polish Political Science Yearbook Pub Date : 2022-12-31 DOI: 10.15804/ppsy202265
C. Bates, Trevor Shelly
{"title":"Restoring the Distinctiveness of Politics: On the Political and the Forms of Rule","authors":"C. Bates, Trevor Shelly","doi":"10.15804/ppsy202265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy202265","url":null,"abstract":"We argue that the current understanding of politics is caught in a tug of war between “economistic” and “postmodern” views, neither of which captures the distinctiveness of political rule and consequently instills confusion among citizens and misplaced expectations from leaders. Drawing largely on Aristotle, who warned precisely against this error, we consider the logic of mastery and contrast it to paternal rule. Then we discuss the voluntary nature of economic activity to distinguish it from the involuntary nature of mastery, before turning to discuss the political proper, which is a combination or mixture of these two that nevertheless makes it qualitatively distinct. These distinctions help us to better appreciate what is a likeness between political and economic, on the one hand, and between political and paternal, on the other while realising that political rule is not exhausted by either economic or paternal alone. The paper seeks to show that political rule finds itself as an in-between condition that balances itself against despotic, mastery, and the kind of care that paternal rule points to.","PeriodicalId":32104,"journal":{"name":"Polish Political Science Yearbook","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44020898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Managing Emotions During Social Protests and the Political Subjectivity of the Protesters 社会抗争中的情绪管理与抗争者的政治主体性
Polish Political Science Yearbook Pub Date : 2022-12-31 DOI: 10.15804/ppsy202249
R. Bäcker
{"title":"Managing Emotions During Social Protests and the Political Subjectivity of the Protesters","authors":"R. Bäcker","doi":"10.15804/ppsy202249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy202249","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":32104,"journal":{"name":"Polish Political Science Yearbook","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42749714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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