American Journal of Laboratory Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Pathologists’ Role in the Evaluation of the Prognostic Implications of Circumferential Resection Margin in Resected Rectal Carcinoma","authors":"B. Seneviratne","doi":"10.11648/J.AJLM.20190402.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJLM.20190402.13","url":null,"abstract":"Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignancies in Sri Lanka as well as in other parts of the world and has a high incidence of cancer related deaths. Recent advances have been made with regard to the biological understanding of this disease and its treatment. Furthermore, new surgical, chemotherapeutic and radiotherapeutic strategies have been developed over the last decade in view of improving the quality of care. The worldwide introduction of total mesorectal excision (TME) in combination with the increasing use of neoadjuvant therapy has significantly improved the overall outcome. An important prognostic factor in rectal cancer is the status of the circumferential resection margin (CRM). The involvement of this margin has been associated with a poor prognosis. Pathologists play a vital role by providing important information for the clinical management of the patient and for the evaluation of health care as a whole. For the patient it confirms the diagnosis and describes the variables that will affect the prognosis, all of which will be relevant for the future management. For health care evaluation, pathology reports provide information for cancer registration and audit related to diagnostic and surgical procedures. Accurate evaluation of CRM in rectal carcinoma is important to determine the risk of local recurrence, which might subsequently be prevented by additional therapy. An increased risk was seen when the distance to CRM was < 2 mm.","PeriodicalId":320526,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128215220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Olfactory Neuroblastoma Presenting as a Submandibular Mass","authors":"S. Appukutty, S. Palma, S. Whitaker, K. Wood","doi":"10.11648/J.AJLM.20190402.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJLM.20190402.12","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Olfactory Neuroblastoma is a rare, locally aggressive malignant neoplasm arising from the olfactory epithelium, which causes metastasis by lymphatic and haematogenous routes, with most common site being the cervical lymph nodes. Materials and Methods: Clinical history was retrieved from discussion in the Head and Neck multidisciplinary team meeting and medical records. Routine macroscopic and microscopic histological examination along with appropriate immunohistochemistry was performed. In addition, we include the review of literature of olfactory neuroblastoma metastatic to different sites. Results: A 75 year old female presented with a left submandibular mass which on biopsy was diagnosed as high grade neuroendocrine carcinoma requiring further investigation for characterising it as primary or metastatic. The histological diagnosis proved difficult and doubtful, till after five months when on follow up investigation a skull base lesion was identified, this on biopsy was confirmed to be an olfactory neuroblastoma. Conclusion: It is important to think laterally and consider metastatic tumours when evaluating neuroendocrine lesions in the submandibular region as this can be the first manifestation.","PeriodicalId":320526,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114718215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seroprevalence of Hepatitis C in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients in Marrakesh Region","authors":"L. Arsalane, A. Boukhira, Karima Azizan, Y. Kamouni, S. Zouhair","doi":"10.11648/J.AJLM.20190402.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJLM.20190402.11","url":null,"abstract":"Infection with the hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major global public health problem. The objectives of this study are to evaluate the seroprevalence of hepatitis C in chronic hemodialysis patients, a category of patients at particular risk of hepatitis C virus transmission, and to identify the main risk factors for infection. This is a prospective study conducted from January 1st, 2015 to December 31st, 2017, including 600 chronic hemodialysis patients treated at 5 centers in the Marrakech region. Patients were tested for anti-HCV antibodies by chemiluminescent microparticulate immunoassay (CMIA). The confirmation is carried out by ELISA. The statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS statistics 17.0 software. The prevalence of anti-HCV antibodies is 15%. There is no statistically significant difference between the groups of HCV-infected and non-HCV-infected patients in terms of age, sex, and number of RBCs transfused. In contrast, the median hemodialysis duration and the number of attended hemodialysis centers were significantly higher in the HCV + group (p <0.001). The factor transfusion long incriminated, loses its importance. On the other hand, seniority in hemodialysis and the number of centers frequented seem to be contributing factors. Adherence to hygiene measures and the rigorous application of prevention recommendations against HCV transmission could further improve the prevalence of hepatitis C in dialysis units.","PeriodicalId":320526,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126920507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum Uric Acid and Plasma Glucose Levels in Normal Pregnancy","authors":"Agbecha Ayu, A. U. Isaac","doi":"10.11648/j.ajlm.20190401.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajlm.20190401.14","url":null,"abstract":"There are existing reports of an association of uric acid with glucose metabolism and their impact on adverse pregnancy outcomes. Hyperuricemia is linked to glucose homeostasis and basically to all components of the metabolic syndrome in the general population. Based on this premise, our study aimed at determining the level of serum uric acid and plasma glucose in second and third-trimester normal pregnancies with a view of establishing cut off values in Makurdi, Nigeria. The hospital-based case-control study involved a total of 103 participants aged 18-35 years attending the antenatal and the general health check up clinics. The participants comprised of 81 normal pregnant females in their second and third trimesters compared with 22 non pregnant controls. Their fasting plasma glucose and serum uric acid levels were compared among age-matched non-pregnant women (n=22), second (n=38), and third (n=43) trimester pregnancies. Serum uric acid level in second (5.89±0.85mg/dl) and third (6.23±1.30mg/dl) trimester pregnancies were significantly (p=0.000) higher than the non-pregnant controls (3.80±1.11mg/dl). A significant (p<0.01) increase in plasma glucose was observed in third-trimester pregnancies (5.19±0.64mmol/l) compared to second-trimester pregnancies (4.87±0.79mmol/l) and controls (4.65±0.51mmol/l). The study provided cut-off values for uric acid, glucose, and further points the need for prenatal care in terms of screening and diagnosis of pregnancy complications in all pregnant women including those considered at low risk.","PeriodicalId":320526,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124972304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hematological Malignancies: Epidemiological, Clinical, Biological, Therapeutic and Evolutionary Aspects","authors":"Mouhib Hanane, Zahir Hanane, Mouayche Ikhlas, Yahyaoui Hicham, A. A. Mustapha, C. Mohammed","doi":"10.11648/J.AJLM.20190401.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJLM.20190401.13","url":null,"abstract":"Hematological malignancies are diseases, which include all cancers of blood and lymphoid organs. They result from a proliferation of mature blood cells or immature blood cells. However, in all cases, these blood cells escape the normal regulation. This work aims to determine the types and frequencies of diagnosed malignancies. It’s supported by the clinical hematological department of the Military Hospital Avicenna in Marrakech. We conducted a retrospective study over a period of 4 years from January, 1st 2012 to December, 31st 2015. We used an operating record, which includes epidemiological, clinical, biological, therapeutic and evolutionary criteria. During this period, we found that 70 cases were diagnosed and treated in the clinical hematological department of the HMA. We recorded 26 cases of multiple myeloma (37%), 23 cases of leukemia (33%), 19 cases of lymphoma (including 15 cases of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (21.4%) and 4 cases of Hodgkin lymphoma 5.7 %), 1 case of myelodysplastic syndrome (1.4%) and 1 case of polycythemia vera (1.4%). This work allowed us to note a significant increase in malignancies in this study. Hence the importance of raising the awareness of health professionals and raising awareness on a larger scale of the general population to improve the time of care and indirectly improve the prognosis of these diseases.","PeriodicalId":320526,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129910500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Asymptomatic Uropathogenic Bacteriuria Among Pregnant and Non-pregnant Women at St Luke’s Hospital Anua, Offot Ukwa District Uyo: A Reassessment Case-Control Approach","authors":"N. Akpan, A. Umoyen, Thomas Tentishe Luka, I. Onwuezobe, U. Antia, Abraham Solomon Okon","doi":"10.11648/J.AJLM.20190401.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJLM.20190401.11","url":null,"abstract":"Asymptomatic bacteriuria is the presence of multiplying bacteria in the absence of any symptoms. The relevance of ASB lies in the insight it provides into symptomatic infections. Physiological and anatomical alterations during pregnancy make women more predisposed to urinary tract infection. This study seeks to determine the prevalence, risk factors, and bacteria profile among pregnant and non-pregnant women. A total of 230 pregnant women and 100 age-matched non-pregnant women were recruited. All pregnant women were recruited from individuals attending antenatal clinic and the controls recruited within the same hospital. Clean catch mid-stream urines ample was collected and microbial analysis done immediately. Significant ASB was identified and antibiotic sensitivity determined by conventional protocols. The overall prevalence of ASB in this study was 29.1% and 15% among pregnant and non-pregnant women respectively. The mean age was 25.3±5.2 and 24.2±5.6years for pregnant and non-pregnant women. Based on their parity among pregnant women, 112 (48.7%), 61(26.5%) and 57 (24.8%) were nulliparous, monoparous and multiparous respectively. Also, 37(16.1%), 70(30.4%) and 123(53.5%) of the pregnant women were in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd trimester. Sixty-seven (29.1%), 125 (54.3%) and 37 (16.1%) pregnant subjects were housewives, self-employed and civil servants in their occupation. Trimester was a risk factor for asymptomatic bacteriuria in the 2nd and 3rd trimester. There was association between age, parity, trimester and ASB. The most common isolate in this study was Escherichia coli (28.4%), followed by Klebsiella pneumonia (23.9%). The Escherichia coli and other uropathogens isolates were multiple drug sensitive between 50-100%. Previous bacteriuria treatment seeking pattern among the pregnant women was 138(60%), 42(18.3%), 32(13.9%) and 1(0.4%) for individuals who had sought treatments in hospitals, patent drug dealers (chemists), multi-centres and traditionally respectively. It is recommended that routine urine culture screening be conducted for all pregnant women at least in the second and third trimesters and positive ASB promptly treated.","PeriodicalId":320526,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128920606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Community-Based Active Case Finding to Increase Tuberculosis Case Detection and Treatment Success Rate in High Tuberculosis Burden Areas of Arsi Zone, Oromia","authors":"Merga Gonfa Bati, Bizuayehu Gurmessa Ejeta","doi":"10.11648/j.ajlm.20210606.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajlm.20210606.13","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":320526,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":"11 9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114938338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum Vitamin D Level Status by Prostate Cancer Grade and Stage Among Native Africans","authors":"C. Amadi, C. Orluwene, Bright Amadi","doi":"10.11648/j.ajlm.20220701.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajlm.20220701.12","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":320526,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128522665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laboratory Indicators of AKI in the Setting of HELLP Syndrome in Resource-constrained Backgrounds","authors":"C. Amadi, Bright Amadi","doi":"10.11648/j.ajlm.20210606.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajlm.20210606.16","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":320526,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127223050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Excessive Gestational Weight Gain Precedes Incident HELLP Syndrome Among Nigerian Women","authors":"C. Amadi, Bright Amadi","doi":"10.11648/j.ajlm.20210606.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajlm.20210606.14","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":320526,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115300694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}