Journal of Vessels and Circulation最新文献

{"title":"Comparison of the Effectiveness of Compassion-focused Therapy and Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction in Reducing Type D Personality Traits in Patients With Coronary Heart Disease","authors":"Maryam Karimi, Seyedeh Zahra Emadi, Yazdan Mohsen Zadeh, Maryam Izanloo","doi":"10.32598/jvc.2.4.58.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/jvc.2.4.58.2","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: Coronary patients with type D personality have high stress and inhibit negative emotions. Despite receiving similar medical procedures as other coronary patients they show a slower recovery process and recurrent heart attacks. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of compassion-focused therapy (CFT) and mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) in reducing type D personality traits in patients with coronary heart disease. Materials and Methods: The present research method was quasi-experimental with a pretest- post-test-follow-up design with a control group. The statistical population of this study was all patients with coronary heart disease in Rajai Alborz Hospital in Karaj City, Iran, in 2019. A total of 45 people were selected by convenience sampling and randomly assigned to three groups under the title of CFT, MBSR, and control group. Subjects responded to the type D personality scale by Denollet (2005) for pre-test, post-test, and follow-up. CFT and MBSR were each held in 8 sessions of 90 minutes. In the present study, the statistical method of repeated measure analysis of variance in SPSS software, version 18, was used to analyze the data with 0.05 and 0.01 significance levels. Results: After the intervention, the average score of type D traits symptoms of the test group (73.26 with a standard deviation of 4.49) was significantly lower than the control group (53.36 with a standard deviation of 27.4). CFT and MBSR had a reducing effect on type D personality traits over time (P<0.001). Also, a significant difference was observed between the effectiveness of CFT and MBSR in reducing type D personality traits (P=0.020). Conclusion: CFT and MBSR are both effective in treating patients with type D personality but CFT is more effective.","PeriodicalId":318985,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vessels and Circulation","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116717437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pre-nutritional Effects of Hot (Cinnamon) and Cold (Lentil) Temperaments on the Animal Model of Stroke","authors":"Leila Ghassemifard, Narjes Khavasi, S. Hejazi, M. Bahrami, M. Hosseini, Solmaz Najjari, Sadegh Yoosefi, Hossein Mostafavi","doi":"10.32598/jvc.2.4.88.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/jvc.2.4.88.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: Stroke, mainly caused by atherosclerosis, is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Atherosclerosis may be caused by spleen dysfunction, and oxidative stress intensifies the brain damage induced by cerebral ischemia. According to the studies, cinnamon and lentils as hot and cold temperaments, respectively, contain antioxidant compounds and affect spleen function. This study investigated and compared the effect of cinnamon and lentils in preventing stroke. Materials and Methods: Cinnamon and lentil extracts were injected intraperitoneally daily to adult male Wistar rats for 30 days, and at the end, a rotarod test was carried out. Then, blood samples were taken from their eyes. The rats were submitted to the ischemic stroke, and the activity level of Catalase (CAT), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), and total antioxidant were measured. The ischemic stroke model was implemented using the MCAO method. Infarct area and ischemic tolerance were measured by the MCAO (Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion) method, and infarct volume was assessed by 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride. Results: Chronic use of lentil extract decreased motor function, CAT, SOD, and total antioxidant activity compared with cinnamon extract. The cinnamon extract improved the ischemic tolerance and reduced the infarct size. The group receiving lentil extract could not tolerate ischemia and died during the experiment. Conclusion: It seems that diet adjustment can effectively reduce the incidence of stroke or its complications. Awareness of food temperament and its relationship with various diseases can reduce disease burden, though further studies should be conducted on this topic.","PeriodicalId":318985,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vessels and Circulation","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134289318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Six Weeks of Aerobic Exercise on Malondialdhyde and Superoxide Dismutase of Heart Tissue in Rats Poisoned With Steroid Dianabol","authors":"S. Ramezani, Lotfali Bolboli, Bahman Valinejad, Mohsen Yaqoubi","doi":"10.32598/jvc.2.4.76.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/jvc.2.4.76.3","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: Anabolic steroids cause damage to various tissues, including the heart. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of aerobic exercise on Malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) of heart tissues in rats poisoned with the anabolic steroid Dianabol. Materials and Methods: In this experimental-fundamental study, 18 rats were selected and divided into three 6-series groups, including normal saline intake (Sh), Dianabol (D), and steroid intake with aerobic exercises (D+RT). For six weeks, the steroid and aerobic exercise groups received 5 mg/kg of Dianabol per day peritoneally, and the steroid aerobic exercise group performed aerobic exercise five sessions per week. Measurement of MDA and SOD gene expression in heart tissue was measured by ELISA. Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistical tests, a 1-way analysis of variance with Tukey post hoc test were used to analyze the results (P≤0.05). Results: Steroid Dianabol had a significant effect on increasing MDA (P=0.001) and decreasing SOD (P=0.001) in heart tissue. However, aerobic exercise decreased MDA (P=0.001) and increased the SOD antioxidant index (P=0.000) in the heart tissue of rats exposed to Dianabol. Conclusion: Anabolic steroids appear to increase oxidative stress indices and decrease antioxidants in heart tissue, while aerobic exercise can improve elevated levels of oxidative stress and decreased levels of antioxidants.","PeriodicalId":318985,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vessels and Circulation","volume":"2014 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127504026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of an Aerobic Exercise Course on Cardiac Tissue Apoptosis in Adult Male Rats Poisoned With Oxygenated Water","authors":"S. Rezaei, B. Abedi, Hossein Fath Elahi","doi":"10.32598/jvc.2.4.97.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/jvc.2.4.97.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: Exercise is a strong physiological stimulus that can directly or indirectly affect the process of cardiac apoptosis by affecting some extracellular and intracellular signaling pathways. This study aimed to investigate the effect of aerobic exercise on cardiac tissue apoptosis in rats poisoned with oxygenated water. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 24 male Wistar rats with a weight range of 200-220 g and a mean age of 8-10 weeks were divided into 3 groups, each group containing 8 rats: (1) healthy control (HC), (2) toxicant control (TC), and (3) toxic aerobic exercise (AE). To induce apoptosis, a 9% oxidant, with a large amount of oxygenated water was used by inhalation for 3 hours daily. Twenty-four hours after the last exercise, rats were sacrificed, and their tissue samples were isolated and kept at -80 ° C. Then, the expression of BAX, Caspase 3, and BCL2 genes in cardiac tissue was measured using RTPCR. Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistical test and one-way analysis of variance with Tukey post hoc test in SPSS software v. 22 were used to analyze the data (P≥0.05). Results: Exposure to oxygenated water significantly increased BAX (P=0.001) and Caspase 3 (P=0.002) and significantly decreased BCL2 gene expression (P=0.001) in cardiac tissue. While aerobic exercise decreased levels of BAX (P=0.001) and Caspase 3 (P=0.001) and increased BCL2 (P=0.000) in the cardiac tissue of rats poisoned with oxygenated water. Conclusion: It seems that a period of aerobic exercise with significant changes in the expression of genes involved in oxygenated apoptosis can be used as a complementary therapy and other methods to modulate the apoptosis of cardiac tissue.","PeriodicalId":318985,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vessels and Circulation","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129645604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of a HIIT Training Course on the Expression of PGC-1α, SIRT1, and SIRT3 Genes in the Cardiac Tissue of Elderly Female Rats","authors":"Khadijeh Hassanpour, B. Abedi, Lida Moradi","doi":"10.32598/jvc.2.4.100.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/jvc.2.4.100.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: Exercise improves the function of mitochondrial proteins and enzymes in old age. This study aimed to investigate the effect of a high-intensity interval training (HIIT) training course on the expression of PGC-1α, SIRT1, and SIRT3 genes in the cardiac tissue of elderly female rats. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 14 female Sprague-Dawley rats with a mean age of 16-18 months and a weight range of 280-320 g were randomly divided into 2 groups of 7, including the control group and the HIIT training group. The experimental group performed HIIT training for 8 weeks and 5 days a week with an intensity of 85%- 110% VO2max. Forty-eight hours after the last training session, rats were anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection of ketamine and xylazine, and the target tissue was immediately removed for examination. Shapiro-Wilk statistical test and one-way analysis of variance in SPSS software v. 22 analyzed the findings (P≥0.05). Results: The results showed that the expression of PGC-1α, SIRT1, and SIRT3 genes increased in the cardiac tissue of the experimental group compared to the control group after 8 weeks of HIIT training, but this increase was not significant (P≤0.05). Conclusion: It seems that in elderly conditions, exercise from pathways other than PGC- 1α improves mitochondrial function. However, further research is needed on the effect of HIIT exercise on the expression of these genes in cardiac tissue.","PeriodicalId":318985,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vessels and Circulation","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121892669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum Neutrophil Gelatinase-associated Lipocalin: A Biomarker of Renal Impairment in Hypertensive Patients","authors":"H. Saghafi, Z. Haghighi, L. Tabrizi, Saade Sadat Havaeji, M. Vahedian, Tahereh Komeili Movahed, Abdollah Jafari Taheri","doi":"10.32598/jvc.2.3.84.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/jvc.2.3.84.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: Hypertension is one of the leading causes of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) is a novel and sensitive biomarker in acute and chronic renal injury. The present study investigated serum and urinary NGAL as markers of kidney damage in hypertensive and CKD patients. Materials and Methods: This case-control study was performed on 28 hypertensive patients, 28 patients with CKD, and 33 healthy volunteers. Serum and urinary NGAL levels were measured using the ELISA method. Creatinine and urea concentrations were measured by the routine methods. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was employed to find the best serum and urinary NGAL cut-off values for detecting renal function. Results: Both serum and urinary NGAL levels were higher in CKD patients than in hypertensive patients and healthy controls (serum NGAL: 193.48±50.62 vs 99.47±26.65 and 48.74±12.07, P<0.001; urinary NGAL: 63.78±16.54 vs 23.24±6.87 and 11.36±3.4, P<0.001 respectively). There was a significant positive correlation between serum and urinary NGAL with serum urea and creatinine. Serum and urinary NGAL levels showed a significant inverse correlation with the estimated glomerular filtration rate. In ROC analysis, serum NGAL had the best diagnostic profile with an AUC of 0.938 (95% CI: 0.865–0.978) and the best cut-off value of 64.61 ng/mL (sensitivity 97.73%; specificity 77.27%. Conclusion: These results revealed that serum NGAL is a reliable marker for early diagnosis of renal injury in hypertensive patients.","PeriodicalId":318985,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vessels and Circulation","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115139881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiological Study of AIDS in Qom Province, Iran","authors":"J. Khodadadi, Hoda Balzadeh, A. Heidari, M. Assi, Qasem Amiri, E. Noori","doi":"10.32598/jvc.2.3.64.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/jvc.2.3.64.4","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: Unfortunately, AIDS has high morbidity and mortality due to its easy transmission, secrecy, severe complications, and no definitive treatment. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiology of HIV in Qom Province, Iran. Materials and Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study was performed on patients with AIDS referred to the Behavioral Diseases Counseling Clinic in Qom Province from its opening until the first half of 2019. Sampling was done by census and reviewing all registered files in this clinic. The inclusion criteria were completed files of all patients. However, records of patients who were incomplete or had other sexually transmitted diseases and neurological disorders were excluded from the study. After data collection, the files were entered in SPSS software, version 22. Results: A total of 612 patients were studied in this study. The mean age of the patients was 36.63±9.41 (±SD) years. Also, 523 patients were males (85.5%), and 89 were females (14.5%). The numbers (percentages) of single, divorced, and widows people were 217 (39.6%), 89 (16.2%), and 12 (2.2%), respectively. Most people (221 people, 42.5%) had primary education, and only 3 (0.6%) had a bachelor’s degree. Most of them lived in urban areas (501, 97.9%) and were unemployed (323, 58.7%). Also, 403 (83.4%) had a history of addiction, 392 (95.7%) were injecting drug users, 345 (95%) had a history of injection among injecting drug users, 277 (66.1%) had extramarital sex, 245 (96.1%) had several sexual intercourses, 26 (10.4%) used condom, and 18 patients (7.8%) had an infected child. The number of HIV-infected people in Qom until 2012 was about 477 people, which comprised 0.041% of the province’s population (1151672 people the population of this province according to the 2011 census registered in the Statistics Center of Iran). Conclusion: According to the study findings and the national statistics regarding the change of the primary method of transmission from injection to sex from 1997 to 2013 in Qom Province, we can conclude that Qom Province is also moving towards changing the main method of transmission from drug injection to sexual transmission.","PeriodicalId":318985,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vessels and Circulation","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126549327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Underlying Factors Associated With Failure to Achieve Therapeutic Lipid Goals by Intensive Statin Therapy in Post-myocardial Infarction Patients","authors":"Seyed Fakhreddin Hejazi, Kobra Doostali, M. Shater, Leili Iranirad, S. Rahimi, E. Noori, Mohamad Hussein Assi","doi":"10.32598/jvc.2.3.64.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/jvc.2.3.64.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: Treatment of hyperlipidemia, as a significant risk factor of cardiovascular disease with a leading role in atherosclerosis and adverse cardiovascular effects, is now a medical dilemma worldwide. Despite the comprehensive knowledge about the impact of this factor on the cardiovascular system, the achievement of therapeutic goals of medical therapy remains an unattained desire. This study aims to evaluate the underlying causes apart from the medication itself. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted for 6 months from March 2016. During which, 50 patients were thoroughly evaluated and followed up. The inclusion criteria were patients with acute myocardial infarction who were newly diagnosed when the first total dose of statin (atorvastatin 80 mg) was started. The exclusion criteria were a history of taking fat-reducing drugs before the study. Predetermined data extraction forms, including medical and laboratory variables and the multidimensional scale of perceived social support questionnaire (MSPSS), were completed for all patients at the first visit and after 6 months. The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS software. Results: Among 50 studied patients, 28 were men (56%), and 22 were women (44%) (P˃0.05), with Mean±SD age of 60±10.19 years. Only 20 patients (40%) could achieve the therapeutic goal of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (˃70 mg/dL). Irregular drug consumption was the only factor that significantly differed between patients who achieved the goals and those who could not (P=0.034). Subgroup analysis among patients with regular and irregular drug consumption demonstrates that low educational levels and poor socioeconomic support significantly differed between these patients (P˃0.05). Conclusion: Some conditions independently influence the efficacy of a medical treatment to improve hyperlipidemia, including educational and socioeconomic determinants. These factors are independent of the medication. Therefore, patient’s lifestyle and their condition have to be considered in planning medical therapy.","PeriodicalId":318985,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vessels and Circulation","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133210624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Aerobic Exercises on Reduced and Oxidized Glutathione in Aortic Endothelial Cells of Rats Exposed to Arsenic","authors":"Mehdi Badkoubeh Hazaveh, B. Abedi, Saleh Rahmati Ahmadabad","doi":"10.32598/jvc.2.3.93.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/jvc.2.3.93.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: Arsenic is an environmental pollutant that can damage tissue by producing free radicals. However, regular aerobic exercise is essential in enhancing antioxidant defense and resistance to oxidative stress. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of aerobic exercise on reduced glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and aortic endothelial cells of of heart tissue in rats exposed to arsenic. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 24 male Wistar rats with a weight ranged 220-240 g and a mean age of 6-8 weeks were divided into 3 groups of 8: healthy control, toxic control, and toxic aerobic exercise. Rats receiving arsenic were prescribed 25 ppm arsenic daily in oral water for 8 weeks. The exercise program consisted of 8 weeks of aerobic exercise, five sessions per week with an intensity of 75%-80% of maximum oxygen consumption. Eventually, 24 hours after the last exercise session, the rats were anesthetized and killed, and the target tissue was removed for examination. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistical test and one-way analysis of variance with Tukey post hoc test were used to analyze the findings in SPSS software, version 22 (P≥0.05). Results: Exposure to arsenic significantly reduced GSH and GSSG levels in heart tissue and aortic endothelial cells (P≥0.05). In contrast, aerobic exercise increased GSH and GSSG levels in heart tissue and aortic endothelial cells in arsenic-poisoned rats (P≥0.05). Conclusion: Aerobic exercise effectively reduces oxidative stress and increases antioxidant defense against arsenic toxicity in heart disorders.","PeriodicalId":318985,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vessels and Circulation","volume":"91 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121422408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of a Selected Period of Exercise in Water on Cardiovascular Risk Indicators of Overweight Elderly Men","authors":"Rahim Mir Nasuri, M. Yaghoubi, Asadollah Chezani Sharahi, S. Ramezani","doi":"10.32598/jvc.2.3.90.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/jvc.2.3.90.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: Voluntary activity decreases in the elderly with increasing age, and this activity causes many physical problems and cardiovascular risk factors. This study aimed to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of selected aerobic exercise in water on some cardiovascular risk indicators in overweight elderly men. Materials and Methods: After measuring anthropometric indices, 34 overweight men (64.84±5.56 years old, body mass index [BMI]≥25 kg/m2) were randomly selected and divided into water exercise (n=17) and control (n=17) groups. The water exercise group did the aerobic exercise in the water with an intensity of 45% to 65% of maximum heart rate for 8 weeks. Before and after the intervention, blood samples were taken from all subjects to measure serum levels of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to check the normality of data distribution, and after assuming the normality of the data, the paired t test was used to examine within-group changes and an independent t test for between-group differences. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software. The results were evaluated at a significance level of less than 0.05. Results: Water exercise significantly reduced mean blood pressure (P≤0.001), systolic blood pressure (P≤0.000), TG (P≤0.00), cholesterol (P≤0.01), and LDL (P≤0.02) in elderly men. However, there was no significant difference between the two groups in the HDL index. Conclusion: Eight weeks of water aerobic exercise can positively reduce cardiovascular risk factors in overweight elderly men. Therefore, these exercises can be recommended by sports and health experts.","PeriodicalId":318985,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Vessels and Circulation","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134298966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}