Jurnal Kajian Komunikasi最新文献_第2页

Mobile communication experience of students in exchange programs between Indonesia and the Philippines 印尼和菲律宾交流项目学生的移动通信体验

Jurnal Kajian Komunikasi Pub Date : 2022-12-29 DOI: 10.24198/jkk.v10i2.41460

Wichitra Yasya, Titis Nurwulan Suciati, Gallen Ray Canillo, Rojean Patumbon, Chuking Pandia

{"title":"Mobile communication experience of students in exchange programs between Indonesia and the Philippines","authors":"Wichitra Yasya, Titis Nurwulan Suciati, Gallen Ray Canillo, Rojean Patumbon, Chuking Pandia","doi":"10.24198/jkk.v10i2.41460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24198/jkk.v10i2.41460","url":null,"abstract":"The use of technology and mobile communication became prevalent with the advent of the COVID-19 pandemic, where activities such as student exchange between two universities can be conducted virtually. Mobile communication, in this case, is related to communication using cellular devices based on computer technology, but also the characteristics of mobile communication itself, which is mobility or its ability to be used anywhere and at any time. The study aims to examine the lived experiences of mobile communication on undergoing student exchange programs between Indonesia and the Philippines. The study was conducted using the qualitative method with in-depth interviews as data collection. The research's informants are students from universities in Indonesia and the Philippines. Data were interpreted through a thematic analysis. The research found that mobile communication positively affected the students' learning and experience, mainly how it helps them continue their education despite being disrupted by the pandemic. However, poor connection, English skills, and language barriers affect their academic performance. Recommendations are put forward for further studies to focus on how the language barrier affected students' learning and behaviors on mobile communication. Another further study that can be done is to explore mobile communication through theories in virtual exchange. They are polymedia and affordance theories. Academic institutions should help and monitor students’ understandings that would help and allow the students to understand and learn more.","PeriodicalId":31891,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kajian Komunikasi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44899675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Indonesian people’s resilience detection method based on big data 基于大数据的印尼人弹性检测方法

Jurnal Kajian Komunikasi Pub Date : 2022-12-29 DOI: 10.24198/jkk.v10i2.41900

Catur Suratnoaji, I. Arianto, Syifa Syarifah Alamiyah

{"title":"Indonesian people’s resilience detection method based on big data","authors":"Catur Suratnoaji, I. Arianto, Syifa Syarifah Alamiyah","doi":"10.24198/jkk.v10i2.41900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24198/jkk.v10i2.41900","url":null,"abstract":"The resilience condition of the Indonesian people in facing threats, disturbances, obstacles, and challenges (AGHT) can be identified through conversations on social media. The conversational data of social media users is important data for understanding the national resilience of the Indonesian people. The method developed is more explorative, descriptive, and quantitative by describing the variable: volume of social media users, user profiles, reach, conversation trends, types of issues, top tweets, emotion, sentiment, people who influence (top influencer), intermediary (bridge), and robot analysis (bot analysis). The research sample is from March 1, 2022, to May 1, 2022. Consideration of the timing is due to many public reactions to the “three periods” issue. The results of this study indicate that the three-period issue is the most dominant compared to other topics. The issue of “three periods” spread throughout Indonesia, and the most dominant was in DKI Jakarta Province. The social media users’ profile shows that the issue of three periods is mostly discussed by users between the ages of 19 and 29. Men are more dominant in discussing the “three periods” issue than women. Most Indonesian people reject the three-period issue. It shows that the resilience of the Indonesian people is exceptional because they can confront negative issues.","PeriodicalId":31891,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kajian Komunikasi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46020198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Police as communicators to prevent the spread of the COVID-19 警察是防止新冠病毒传播的传播者

Jurnal Kajian Komunikasi Pub Date : 2022-12-29 DOI: 10.24198/jkk.v10i2.42894

Anwar Sani, S. Sumartias, H. Hafiar, Nurzali Ismail

{"title":"Police as communicators to prevent the spread of the COVID-19","authors":"Anwar Sani, S. Sumartias, H. Hafiar, Nurzali Ismail","doi":"10.24198/jkk.v10i2.42894","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24198/jkk.v10i2.42894","url":null,"abstract":"For the last two years, Indonesia and all countries in the world have been engaged with the COVID-19 pandemic. The government issued various forms of policies to prevent the spread of COVID-19, including PSBB and PPKM. The West Java Police Public Relations, as part of the government, also communicated the program through their social media. One of the social media accounts used is the Instagram account @humaspoldajabar. However, the uploaded content has yet to achieve optimal results. The purpose of this study is to describe the management of Instagram social media @humaspoldajabar during the COVID-19 pandemic. This research uses qualitative research methods with the type of case study research and collecting data using observation and literature study. The result of this research is that the contents uploaded by the Public Relations Division of the Java Regional Police are content related to appeals, information, and policies for controlling the COVID-19 outbreak. Public Relations of the West Java Regional Police uploaded content that described humanist police activities accompanied by the positive imagery of officials within the West Java Regional Police. The West Java Police Public Relations should use brand influencers to optimize content and display content that suits the needs and characteristics of the public. Content in the form of positive imagery can actually threaten the image of the police themselves.","PeriodicalId":31891,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kajian Komunikasi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45048711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Map-based communication: a pivotal function of knowledge information in sports 地图传播:体育知识信息的关键功能

Jurnal Kajian Komunikasi Pub Date : 2022-12-29 DOI: 10.24198/jkk.v10i2.42170

Davi Sofyan, Khairul Hafezad Abdullah, A. Akinci, E. U. Osiobe, C. C. Priyatna

{"title":"Map-based communication: a pivotal function of knowledge information in sports","authors":"Davi Sofyan, Khairul Hafezad Abdullah, A. Akinci, E. U. Osiobe, C. C. Priyatna","doi":"10.24198/jkk.v10i2.42170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24198/jkk.v10i2.42170","url":null,"abstract":"Previous studies vividly indicate that understanding sports communication in competitive and non-competitive contexts could benefit athletes, coaches, officials, businesses, governing bodies, and spectators. This study aimed to inspect publication trends relevant to the global evolution of sports communication based on two high-impact and predominant databases, Scopus and Web of Science. The study analyzed selected top publications (peer-reviewed articles, books, and reports), keywords, and institutional data via ScientoPy on map-based communication. Our results depicted that the Scopus and WoS databases reveal growing trends in sports communication. The study's primary contribution is that it identified: the primary map-based communication research, essential keywords, connected studies, and leading universities within the sport management and sports scholarly fields. Keywords like (but not limited to) \"public relations\" and \"organizational communication\" has become prevalent in sport mapping communication between 2018 and 2019. The five most popular keywords concerning sports communication in include (but are not limited to) \"Sports,\" \"Communication,\" \"social media,\" \"Sports communication,\" and \"Media.\" the findings of our paper will be helpful (but not limited to): scholars interested in sports communication, athletes (professional, non-professional, and students), stakeholders, and researchers. Similarly, the study provides future readers and scholars with a global perspective on the current hot topics in sports communication to help them disseminate their ideas, as well as a variety of analyses to assist in the organization of data and the development of theory and practice in sports communication research.","PeriodicalId":31891,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kajian Komunikasi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48701776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

The motivation of flaming perpetrators as cyberbullying behavior in social media 社交媒体中网络欺凌行为的动机

Jurnal Kajian Komunikasi Pub Date : 2022-12-29 DOI: 10.24198/jkk.v10i2.39876

Melisa Arisanty, Gunawan Wiradharma

{"title":"The motivation of flaming perpetrators as cyberbullying behavior in social media","authors":"Melisa Arisanty, Gunawan Wiradharma","doi":"10.24198/jkk.v10i2.39876","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24198/jkk.v10i2.39876","url":null,"abstract":"The most troubling behavior of cyberbullying is flaming on social media. Technological sophistication makes it easy for everyone to create fake accounts for negative comments to bullying activities on social media. The impact is very detrimental, especially for victims or targets. The most frequent consequences are deep trauma, fear, anxiety, lack of confidence, mental illness, and depression, and they can even motivate the victim to commit suicide. This impact is considered quite dangerous for the victim. Therefore, concrete handling and solutions are needed that can be implemented according to the motivation of the perpetrators to do hate speech and cyberbullying. This study aimed to identify the motives of flaming perpetrators through social media and formulate strategic and practical recommendations for preventing flaming behavior. By identifying through a qualitative approach, phenomenological research strategies, and in-depth interviews with 10 (ten) research informants, the research aims to obtain a comprehensive picture of the motivations of flaming actors in social media. The results of this study indicate some of the motivations of flaming actors in social media, namely excessive fanaticism, personal interests, spontaneous emotions and anxiety, low digital literacy, the anonymity of netizens on social media through second accounts, and lack of empathy. The motivations found in this study are the basis for formulating strategic and practical recommendations in preventing flaming behavior in social media through the KIFE Model (Collaboration, Innovation, News Framing, and Peer group Education). It is practical and effective for Media Literacy and Healthy Digital.","PeriodicalId":31891,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kajian Komunikasi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49666202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Social media political campaign model of local elections in Pelalawan Regency Riau 廖内省佩拉拉旺县地方选举的社交媒体政治竞选模式

Jurnal Kajian Komunikasi Pub Date : 2022-12-29 DOI: 10.24198/jkk.v10i2.41680

Fatmawati Moekahar, F. Ayuningtyas, Fitri Hardianti

{"title":"Social media political campaign model of local elections in Pelalawan Regency Riau","authors":"Fatmawati Moekahar, F. Ayuningtyas, Fitri Hardianti","doi":"10.24198/jkk.v10i2.41680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24198/jkk.v10i2.41680","url":null,"abstract":"The modern rise of social media has altered the strategies used in political campaigns. Compared to traditional advertising, social media may lower the cost of a campaign. The Zukri-Nasar team effectively used social media for political campaigns for the 2020 local elections in Pelalawan Regency, Riau. Social media generated 30% of the vote because it can spread messages rapidly, widely, and interactively. Political actors utilize social media to develop their self-image. This study is descriptive-qualitative, and the sampling method used was purposive sampling. The informants comprised seven important informants who were part of the winning side in the municipal election in Pelalawan. An informant is someone with reliable knowledge regarding a political campaign. According to the study, Facebook is the most widely used platform for political campaigns because it is the most popular social networking platform in Pelalawan Regency, Riau. Political advertisements featuring 3D caricatures and political orientation are used as social media political campaign techniques. This tactic is a component of a unique, awareness-raising, and personal branding campaign. The candidate’s personal character is presented as accurately as possible on their social media campaign. Furthermore, the political campaign model found in the research was called The Integrative and Collaborative Model of the political campaign.","PeriodicalId":31891,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kajian Komunikasi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47024177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Women writers’ profiles of Soenting Melajoe Newspaper (1912-1921) 《Soenting Melajoe报》女作家简介（1912-1921）

Jurnal Kajian Komunikasi Pub Date : 2022-12-29 DOI: 10.24198/jkk.v10i2.41934

Maimon Herawati, Siti Karlinah, Herlina Agustin, N. Sjafirah

{"title":"Women writers’ profiles of Soenting Melajoe Newspaper (1912-1921)","authors":"Maimon Herawati, Siti Karlinah, Herlina Agustin, N. Sjafirah","doi":"10.24198/jkk.v10i2.41934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24198/jkk.v10i2.41934","url":null,"abstract":"Soenting Melajoe Newspaper (1912-1921) was Indonesia’s first indigenous women’s newspaper during the Dutch colonial period. Its readers considered this newspaper as a command in the women’s movement in the Minangkabau society. Editors were deemed as generals, readers as soldiers. The articles in Soenting Melajoe were submitted by women from various regions. The newspaper became a means of exchanging ideas and debating between women, moderated by female editors; Rohana Kudus and Ratna Juwita. This writing constructed the profile of writers based on their writings in Soenting Melajoe. The theory used in this research was the feminist communication theory, focusing on the revalorism aspect of it. This research employed a historical method. Data collection was done through literature study. The subjects of this research are the writings of Indonesian women in Soenting Melajoe. The female writers of Soenting Melajoe came from the administrative center of the Hindia Dutch, port cities, and coffee warehouse regions. Most backgrounds of the writers of Soenting Melajoe were from families of Dutch employees, families managing educational institutions, and families of tribal leaders. Some of the writers of Soenting Melajoe learned to read and write at school. Others studied with family members. Further research can be done on the life of these female writer pioneers and the connection between ideas in Soenting Melajoe and other colonial newspapers.","PeriodicalId":31891,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kajian Komunikasi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41752187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Communication competence of Indonesian workers in intercultural interaction in Munich and Canberra 印尼工人在慕尼黑和堪培拉跨文化交流中的沟通能力

Jurnal Kajian Komunikasi Pub Date : 2022-12-29 DOI: 10.24198/jkk.v10i2.41976

Aang Koswara, S. Lukman

{"title":"Communication competence of Indonesian workers in intercultural interaction in Munich and Canberra","authors":"Aang Koswara, S. Lukman","doi":"10.24198/jkk.v10i2.41976","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24198/jkk.v10i2.41976","url":null,"abstract":"The discourse of intercultural communication competence is increasingly important in the globalized world. However, there need to be more studies reported on the communication competence of Indonesian workers in intercultural interaction, particularly in the host country Germany and Australia. This study investigates communication competence in the intercultural interaction of Indonesian workers in two cities, Munich and Canberra. It focuses on intercultural challenges encountered by Indonesian workers working at different corporations and organizations in Munich and Canberra. Using qualitative methods, we examine Indonesian workers' intercultural awareness, sensitivity, and language competence in the host cities. This ethnographic study is based on interviews and informal conversations with Indonesian workers in Munich and Canberra and observations through the engagement of the researchers in the various Indonesian Diaspora community in the two cities. Based on thematic analysis, two empirical findings are essential to everyday intercultural interaction. First, intercultural awareness and sensitivity explain the knowledge and experiences of Indonesian workers on local rules and regulations, culture, and history of the host cities. Second, language competence describes the ability of Indonesian workers to understand the accents and dialects (German Bavaria and English Australian) and to overcome language barriers in everyday work and community life. The study concludes that participants have different experiences implementing communication competence in everyday interaction. It depends on the intercultural interaction intensity of Indonesian workers with their colleagues and the local community.","PeriodicalId":31891,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kajian Komunikasi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47311591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Creating Share Value communication of PT. Bio Farma in green livestock feed empowerment program PT.Bio-Farma在绿色畜牧饲料赋能计划中的“创造共享价值”交流

Jurnal Kajian Komunikasi Pub Date : 2022-12-29 DOI: 10.24198/jkk.v10i2.42009

Agus Rahmat, M. Mansyur, Sarmedi Sarmedi, Tendry Firmansyah

{"title":"The Creating Share Value communication of PT. Bio Farma in green livestock feed empowerment program","authors":"Agus Rahmat, M. Mansyur, Sarmedi Sarmedi, Tendry Firmansyah","doi":"10.24198/jkk.v10i2.42009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24198/jkk.v10i2.42009","url":null,"abstract":"One of the flagship Creating Share Value (CSV) programs by PT Biofarma in 2021 is the Re-Grass & Sustainability Village program. First, this program has been able to meet the demand for fodder for horses, which is one of the input rows in the production process at PT. Biofarma and also for the farming community around PT Biofarma’s operations. Even the fostered community is able to supply the needs of green fodder for several breeders in other areas through fermentation activities (silage) and pellet feed. Second, the CSR program to build animal feed security also received MURI records for productivity and high protein content. Third, the results of the evaluation by calculating the value of Social Return on Investment (SROI) show the value of Rp. 7,37. Based on the indicators, there are questions about what kind of communication was built into the program so that it was able to achieve a high level of success. Research with qualitative methods was conducted to answer the questions. The results of the research show that the communication activities carried out include the integration and coordination of various channels and sources of information, designing and implementing various communication techniques, and utilizing the nature and characteristics of communicators according to their respective positions. Implementation of information diffusion of green fodder is also supported by facilities that can simplify and reduce the risk of loss to the target group in adopting innovations.","PeriodicalId":31891,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kajian Komunikasi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44458773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

“Embarrassing and disgraceful”: technology-facilitated sexual violence and victim’s healing process “尴尬和不光彩”：技术促进了性暴力和受害者的康复过程

Jurnal Kajian Komunikasi Pub Date : 2022-12-29 DOI: 10.24198/jkk.v10i2.42265

Gita Anita, D. Mulyana, Nindi Aristi

{"title":"“Embarrassing and disgraceful”: technology-facilitated sexual violence and victim’s healing process","authors":"Gita Anita, D. Mulyana, Nindi Aristi","doi":"10.24198/jkk.v10i2.42265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24198/jkk.v10i2.42265","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to reveal the communication experience of victims of online gender-based violence and the healing process from the trauma they experienced. The main research questions are how victims experience violence online, what motives encourage perpetrators to commit violence from the victim’s perspective, the meaning of the communication experience, and the victim’s process of healing the traumatic experience. In this qualitative study, phenomenological methods and symbolic interaction theory were employed. The research subjects are women victims of online gender-based violence cases. Informants were selected through a purposive sampling technique. The results showed that most cases of threats of spreading intimate photos or videos were experienced by victims when they asked for a breakup or did not follow the wishes of the perpetrator. Victims of violence in the online realm are also vulnerable to multiple layers of violence. The video is used as a tool for the perpetrator so that the victim does not refuse to have sex with the perpetrator. The impact experienced by the victim is psychological loss, social isolation, and limited mobility. The three motives behind the above cases are relational, sextortion or extortion, and unknown motives. The meanings obtained from the communication experience of victims are shame, disgrace, loss of identity, feeling tarnished, and having mistrust of the opposite sex. The victims used various ways to heal themselves from the trauma, namely getting closer to God, telling stories to friends, and consulting psychologists.","PeriodicalId":31891,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kajian Komunikasi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45966994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0