Agronomy Journal of Nepal最新文献

{"title":"Determinants Of Forage And Fodder Production Practices To Cope With Climate Change Adaptation Strategy By Farmers In Terai Region Of Nepal","authors":"SC Dhakal","doi":"10.3126/ajn.v5i01.44848","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/ajn.v5i01.44848","url":null,"abstract":"Consequences generated by climate change disasters in the vulnerable agricultural system of Nepal could increase in coming days in the absence of effective adaptation strategies in the both agriculture and livestock sector. There is growing evidence that forage and fodder production activity can be a potential adaptation strategy, but adopted in a limited scale. The objective of this study was to identify the determinants of forage and fodder production activity by livestock farmers in the Terai region of Nepal. Primary data collected through household survey of 600 households, 100 from each district in Morang, Sarlahi, Bara, Chitwan, Rupandehi and Banke were analyzed using logistic regression technique. Results showed that western Terai dummy and family size were negatively affecting the adoption of forage and fodder production. Whereas access to credit, size of livestock holding and training were positively and significantly affecting the adoption of the forage and fodder production activity. The magnitude of effect of these significant variables are western Terai dummy (25.2%), family size (92.60%), access to credit dummy (74.21%), size of livestock holding (10.8%) and training dummy (188.80%). Findings of the study suggested that provided opportunity to dairy farmers for participation in training on livestock production management practices and increased access to credit for making investment in dairy enterprises. Rearing livestock at commercial scale also motivates dairy farmers to produce forage and fodder in their own farm land. It is also recommended to provide lease- in land system for dairy farmers with large size family to grow forage and fodder crops aside from promotional activities are needed in western Terai region of the country in particular.","PeriodicalId":316755,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy Journal of Nepal","volume":"116 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116277635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect Of Innovative Nutrient Management Practices On Performance Of Maize And Wheat Under Different Tillage Methods In Rice-Based Cropping System","authors":"P. Dulal, S. Marahatta, S. Sah, P. Joshi","doi":"10.3126/ajn.v5i01.44836","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/ajn.v5i01.44836","url":null,"abstract":"A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of tillage and nutrient management practices on the performance of subsequent wheat and maize in the rice-based cropping system at Agriculture and Forestry University (AFU), Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal during November 2018-May 2019. The experiment was executed in a split-plot for evaluating two establishment methods viz. (i) zero tillage followed after (fa) conventionally tilled dry direct seeded rice ( ZT fa CT-DDSR) (ii) conventional tillage followed after puddled transplanted rice (CT fa Pu-TPR) and four nutrient management practices, i.e. (i) recommended dose (100% RDF; 80:60:40 and 180:90:60 N:P2O5:K2O kg/ha for wheat and maize respectively), (ii) Residue retention of rice crop @ 5 t/ha + 75% RDF (RR +75% RDF), (iii) Nutrient expert (NE) dose (140:60:45; 150:50:90 N:P2O5:K2O kg/ha for wheat and maize respectively), (iv) Rice residue @ 3.5 t/ha +75% RDF of each crop followed after brown/green manuring of Sesbania in rice (R+75% RDF fa BM/GM) and the treatments were replicated thrice. The data on yield (rice equivalent yield), yield attributes, and economics were recorded and analyzed by R studio. The study revealed that none of the yield attributes and rice equivalent yield of wheat were significantly influenced by the tillage methods but maize had significantly higher number of grains per cob under CT fa Pu-TPR and significantly higher (8.9%) yield under ZT fa CT-DDSR. NE assisted nutrient management practice produced significantly a greater number of spike (281.9 per m2 ) and grains per spike (44.5 and higher straw yield (5.9 t/ha) for wheat crop and also showed better performance for maize as well. Maize had yield advantage of 21% and 14% when planted after BM/GM practices in rice and residue mulched condition respectively. The rice equivalent yield of wheat was 21% and 16% more under NE dose and R+75% RDF fa BM/GM respectively compared to 100% RDF. NE dose was the most profitable in terms of B:C ratio for both the wheat (1.9) and maize (3.0). Hence, tillage methods were indifferent for wheat but ZT fa CT-DDSR was significantly productive for maize and NE dose was the best nutrient management practice for better productivity and profitability for the wheat and maize in the rice-based cropping system in inner Terai of Nepal.","PeriodicalId":316755,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy Journal of Nepal","volume":"103 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115068847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of chemical parameters of Nepalese rice varieties and imported brands","authors":"P. Subedi, Prakesh Acharya, S. Shivakota, SS Pandit","doi":"10.3126/ajn.v5i01.44856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/ajn.v5i01.44856","url":null,"abstract":"There has been growing import of fine and aromatic rice in Nepal in recent years. The inherent quality of different rice varieties could be one factor over consumer preference while proper packing and branding could be other factors. Most of the Nepalese rice varieties have not been able to penetrate the market as commercial brands and local landraces are gradually getting popular due to their inherent taste, aroma nutritional value. A study was conducted by the Center for Crop Development and Agro-biodiversity Conservation (CCDABC) in the year 2018/19 to compare the chemical compositions of different Nepalese rice varieties and imported brands, which were collected from major markets of different districts of Nepal. The study was aimed in understanding the chemical composition of these varieties and to know if the growing preference over imported fine and aromatic varieties had better chemical parameters over Nepalese varieties. The study revealed that higher content of zinc was observed in local varieties than in other varieties and brands. It ranged from 10.9 to 13.9 mg/kg in imported brands and from 9.7 to 17.6 mg/kg in released varieties. The highest crude protein was observed in the Dawat (12.64 %), one of the Indian brands and the lowest in Radha 4 (6.02 %) Nepalese released variety is commonly grown in the country. Average crude protein in Nepalese brands, imported brands, released varieties and local varieties were found as 11.22 %, 10.38, 8.62 % and 7.41 % respectively. Local varieties showed the highest crude fat (average 2.19 %) content followed by released varieties (average 1.17 %) and Nepalese brands (average 0.51 %). Likewise, crude fibre and total ash contents in local varieties were observed as 0.96 % and 0.93 % respectively. Therefore, the study revealed that local varieties were found superior in terms of chemical and nutritional perspective (total ash, crude fibre, crude fat and zinc) over other varieties and brands found in Nepal. In terms of protein, Nepalese brands were found superior over other varieties and brands.","PeriodicalId":316755,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy Journal of Nepal","volume":"99 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115472573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect Of Seedbed Preparation Methods And Herbicide Application On Yield And Economics Of Dry Direct-Seeded Rice At Parwanipur, Nepal","authors":"P. Shah, S. Sah, K. B. Basnet, M. Paudel","doi":"10.3126/ajn.v5i01.44781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/ajn.v5i01.44781","url":null,"abstract":"Field experiments were conducted during the 2016 and 2017 normal season (June-November) dry direct[1]seeded rice (DDSR) at RARS Parwanipur to assess the effect of various combinations of herbicides mixture under seedbed preparation to evaluate different attributes of weed control efficiencies (WCE) coupled with grain yield and economics of DDSR. The experiment was laid out in two factors factorial strip plot design with four replications. Treatments consisted of nine levels of weed management practices that include weed free, weedy check, Pendimethalin, Bispyribac sodium, Ethoxysulfuron, Pendimethalin followed by (fb) Bispyribac sodium, Pendimethalin fb Ethoxysulfuron, Bispyribac sodium tank mix with Ethoxysulfuron and Pendimethalin fb tank mixture of Bispyribac sodium and Ethoxysulfuron as horizontal factor whereas two levels of seedbed preparation methods (stale seedbed and normal seedbed) as the vertical factor. The result of the experiments revealed lower weed intensity (WI) and higher weed control efficiency (WCE), net return and benefit-cost (B:C) ratio with Pendimethalin fb tank mixture of Bispyribac sodium and Ethoxysulfuron in both the years 2016 and 2017. Grain yield was significantly higher with weed free treatment followed by Pendimethalin fb tank mixture of Bispyribac sodium and Ethoxysulfuron in both the years due to higher WCE and lower WI which resulted in better growth and development of DDSR. Therefore, the Pendimethalin fb tank mixture of Bispyribac sodium and Ethoxysulfuron is a better option for DDSR under Parwanipur condition during main season rice DDSR rice production.","PeriodicalId":316755,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy Journal of Nepal","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123957965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect Of Spacing And Plant Density On Yield Performance Of Determinate Soybean Variety Tarkari Bhatmas-1 Under Mid Hill Condition","authors":"R. Shrestha, S. Das, Reshama Neupane","doi":"10.3126/ajn.v5i01.44727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/ajn.v5i01.44727","url":null,"abstract":"Field experiments consisting nine spacing: three row to row (inter row: 43 cm, 50 cm and 60 cm) and three plant to plant (intra row: 10 cm, 15 cm and 20 cm) with plant population ranging from 8-23/m2 were evaluated in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications from 2014-2016 in Agronomy Farm, Lalitpur, Nepal. Seeds were sown on 29 May 2014, 31 May 2015 and 26 May 2016. Chemical fertilizers 30 N:60 P2O5:30 K2O kg/ha were applied as basal dose. Combined analysis showed significant variation in final plant stand, grain yield and numbers of pod/plant amongst different inter row and intra row spacing, while other parameters were not statistically significant. Grain yields were at par at inter row spacing of 43-60 cm and intra row spacing of 10-15 cm (11-23 plants/m2). Grain yield was reduced by 7-21% when intra row spacing was more than 10 cm, with the greatest reduction in wider intra row spacing of 20 cm. Greater number of pods/plant in wide spacing indicated the ability of soybean to compensate for low plant population to some extent. Plant grew taller in narrow intra row spacing than wider spacing, but seed size was not affected by spacing. Wider intra row spacing was found to have greater influence in term of grain yield than inter row spacing in case of early maturing determinate variety under Khumaltar condition. Inter row spacing of 43-60 cm and intra row spacing of 10-15 cm were found to be optimum for early maturing determinate soybean under Kathmandu valley and similar environments.","PeriodicalId":316755,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy Journal of Nepal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124345683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimum Sowing Date And Fertilizer Management For Durum Wheat Genotype DWK 38 In Mid-Hills Condition","authors":"B. Chaulagain, R. Bhattarai, P. Gyawaly","doi":"10.3126/ajn.v5i01.44828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/ajn.v5i01.44828","url":null,"abstract":"Durum wheat is relatively new crop for Nepal and research on durum wheat were carried out only by Agriculture Botany Division of Nepal Agricultural Research Council (NARC). To find the optimum sowing time and fertilizer dose for mid-hills conditions of Nepal, an experiment was carried out in 2017/18 and 2018/19 at Agronomy Division Experimental farm in Khumlatar at an altitude of 1360 masl. The experimental design was factorial randomised complete block design. There were 3 fertilizer level and 4 sowing date constituting 12 treatment combinations. From the combined analysis over years, we found that plant height, days to heading, days to maturity, thousand grain weight and grain yield were found significnat in sowing date whereas number of tillers per square meter, straw yield and harvest index were significant in fertilizer doses. Combined analysis of both years yielded mean grain yield of 5.2 t/ha and thousand grain weight of 48.6 gm respectively. Precipitation during reproductive period (March[1]April) in 2017/18 contributed in higher grain yield than 2018/19. Optimum sowing date of durum wheat for khumaltar condition is no later than 26 November and optimum dose of fertilizer is 125:75:50 N:P2O5:K2O kg/ha.","PeriodicalId":316755,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy Journal of Nepal","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128339774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect Of Leguminous Winter Cover Crops On Soil Fertility And Yield Of Summer Maize","authors":"B. Rijal, K. Pandey, S. Shah, N. Chaudhary","doi":"10.3126/ajn.v5i01.44842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/ajn.v5i01.44842","url":null,"abstract":"A field experiment was conducted at IAAS agronomy farm, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal from Nov. 2012 to Aug. 2013 to improve soil fertility and production of maize through the inclusion of leguminous winter cover crops in the cropping system. The experiment was conducted for two seasons in single factor randomized complete block design (RCBD) with eight treatments and three replications. Five N fixing legume crops: chickpea (Cicer arietinum), garden pea (Pisum sativum var. sativum), field pea (Pisum sativum var. arvense), lentil (Lens culinaris) and grass pea (Lathyrus sativus); one N fixing legume fodder: Berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum); one non-fixing legume: rajma bean (Phaseolus vulgaris); and maize (as a control) were cultivated in the first season and on the following season maize was cultivated in all plots after incorporating former crop residues. Rajma bean covered the highest area at an early stage but field pea and grass pea covered the maximum land area at a later stage. The highest dry matter production (2.32 t/ha) and nitrogen content in residues (2.57%) were obtained from lentil. Cultivation of leguminous winter cover crops had no significant effect on soil parameters. However, the incorporation of legume residues had significant effects on organic matter content, total nitrogen and available phosphorus in soils. The highest soil organic matter (3.03%) and total nitrogen (0.15%) was observed from field pea plots while the highest available phosphorus (36.00 kg/ha) was from berseem plots. Legumes cultivation and their residues incorporation into the soil had significant effects on grain, straw and dry matter yields of succeeding maize crop. Grain (3.92 t/ha), straw (5.39 t/ha) and dry matter (9.31 t/ha) yields were the highest from lentil plots while the lowest grain (2.51 t/ha), straw (3.96 t/ha) and dry matter (6.48 t/ha) from control plots. Total nitrogen uptake by maize was significant and it was the highest (141.90 kg/ha) from lentil plots and the lowest (109.80 kg/ha) from control plots. Cultivation of lentil in the winter produced satisfactory land coverage and incorporation of its residues into the soil was the best for improving soil fertility and succeeding maize yield under the Chitwan condition of Nepal.","PeriodicalId":316755,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy Journal of Nepal","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127271416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Managing Weeds In Dry Direct Seeded Rice: A Profound Challenge","authors":"P. Gyawaly, S. Sah, R. Bhattarai, B. Chaulagain, P. Pantha","doi":"10.3126/ajn.v5i01.44826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/ajn.v5i01.44826","url":null,"abstract":"Dry Direct Seeded Rice (DDSR) is a promising technology to address environmental, water, labor and profitability issue that is constantly threatening the rice farming community around the world. Rice yield under DDSR is primarily limited due to weeds. There are instances of complete crop failure in DDSR owing to poorly managed weeds. More than 50 weeds species infest DDSR crop due to aerobic nature of soil confronting a major challenge in the wide spread adoption of dry direct seeding. Direct-seeded rice faces a potential threat from changes in the competing weed flora, with an increase in those species that are difficult to control. This review article presents the prospects of DDSR along with the available weed management strategies such as preventive, physical, chemical, cultural and biological methods and their judicious use. Over reliance on only one approach of managing weeds may be back firing as well. The use of chemical means are getting popular in an alarming rate for being cost effective, without calculating the environmental concerns which might lead to herbicidal resistance and negative consequences to environment and human health. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the environment while shifting from transplanted rice to dry direct seeding, identifying weeds flora and choosing or integrating the best weed management practices foreseeing the future consequences. The logical integration of available weed management options that is ecologically sound, economic and effective for season long weed control is the main essence that ensures the sustainability of rice production.","PeriodicalId":316755,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy Journal of Nepal","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127969109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance Of Rice Varieties And Nitrogen Levels Under Aerobic Condition In Eastern Terai","authors":"P. Joshi, S. Manandhar, N. K. Dangal, P. Paneru, S. Sunuwar","doi":"10.3126/ajn.v5i01.44831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/ajn.v5i01.44831","url":null,"abstract":"An experiment was conducted for two years (2016 – 2017) to evaluate the performance of rice varieties and nitrogen level under aerobic conditions in the Regional Agriculture Research Station, Tarahara, Sunsari Nepal. The treatments were two varieties of rice (Sukhkhadhan 3 and Sukhkhadhan 6) and five levels of Nitrogen (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg/ha) which was assigned in a split-plot design with three replications. The varieties were treated as the main factor and nitrogen levels were assigned as a sub-plot factor. In both years, the plant height, number of tillers per meter square, panicle number per meter square, panicle length, filled grains, thousand grain weights were recorded. All the recorded values of these paremeters were remarkably same with the application of 120:30:30 N:P2O5:K2O kg/ha and application of 90:30:30 N:P2O5:K2O kg/ha. The grain yields of 3.47 t/ha (2016) and 4.77 t/ha (2017) and straw yields of 7.65 t/ha (2016) and 7.44 t/ha (2017) were recorded with the application of 120:30:30 N:P2O5:K2O kg/ha which found statistically at par with the application of 90:30:30 N:P2O5:K2O kg/ha in both years. Furthermore, grain yield of Sukhkhadhan 3 (3.46 t/ha) remained statistically similar with that of Sukhkhadhan 6 (3.38 t/ha).","PeriodicalId":316755,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy Journal of Nepal","volume":"648 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122695499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Productivity Of The Rice-Wheat Cropping System As Influenced By Nutrient Management Under Conservation And Conventional Agriculture Practices","authors":"B. Paudel, M. Paudel, S. Marahatta, T. Karki","doi":"10.3126/ajn.v5i01.44840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/ajn.v5i01.44840","url":null,"abstract":"A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the productivity of rice (Oryza sativa L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) through nitrogen management practices under conservation and conventional agriculture practices during 2012-2013 at Chitwan, Nepal. The experiment on rice was conducted in strip[1]split plot design with two establishment methods (conservation agriculture and conventional practices), two rice varieties (improved variety Sabitri and hybrid Gorakhnath 509), and four nitrogen levels (0, 60, 120, and 180 kg/ha). The experiment on wheat was conducted in a split-plot design with two establishment methods and four nitrogen levels as in rice with Gautam variety. The research result revealed that the grain yield of the rice-wheat system was higher in conservation agriculture (6.6 t/ha). Gorakhnath 509 of rice followed by Gautam variety of wheat had a higher system grain yield (6.8 t/ha) than Sabitri followed by Gautam (6.5 t/ha). The highest system grain yield was obtained from 180 N kg/ha (8.1 t/ha) which was significantly higher than 0 and 60 N kg/ha but was statistically similar to 120 N kg/ha. Thus, in Chitwan and similar niches, the rice-wheat system either Sabitri followed by Gautam or Gorakhnath 509 followed by Gautam variety under conservation agriculture practices by applying 120 N kg/ha can be successfully grown by the farmers.","PeriodicalId":316755,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy Journal of Nepal","volume":"55 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116784968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}