Agronomy Journal of Nepal最新文献

{"title":"Bridging the Yield Gaps of Major Cereals through Agronomic Interventions in Nepal","authors":"T. Karki, Reshama Neupane, R. Bhattarai, B. Chaulagain, Sangita Kaduwal, P. Gyawaly, S. Das, J. Shrestha","doi":"10.3126/ajn.v6i1.47952","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/ajn.v6i1.47952","url":null,"abstract":"Agricultural production is due to the exploitation of soil, water and energy. The objective of this review work was to identify the yield gap of major crops viz. rice, maize, wheat, and finger millet and their causes. An attempt has been made to suggest the potential agronomical interventions that reduce the yield gaps. Rice, wheat, and finger millet yields in all agro-ecological zones are declining, although yield trends of maize were reported to have increased in the Terai due to the increased use of hybrids. The yield gap can be minimized with assured irrigation and appropriate agronomic practices such as the use of the quality seed, timely planting with appropriate establishment methods, timely intercultural operations, soil fertility, moisture, weeds, diseases, insect pests and post-harvest management along with growing high-yielding and stable genotypes resilient to climate change. It is obvious that there must be a strong interaction between plant breeding and agronomy for enhanced crop production. Therefore, some of the potential agronomical technologies that contribute to increase the crop yields thereby reduce the yield gaps have been discussed in this article.","PeriodicalId":316755,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy Journal of Nepal","volume":"186 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133718339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Various Weed Management Practices on Weed Dynamics and Crop Yields under Maize-Wheat Cropping System of Western Hills","authors":"Ramesh Acharya, T. Karki, B. Adhikari","doi":"10.3126/ajn.v6i1.47965","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/ajn.v6i1.47965","url":null,"abstract":"Weeds pose a great challenge to cereal farmers and need to be managed before reaching the critical stage. An experiment was conducted to evaluate effect of various weed management practices on the weed dynamics and crop yields under the maize-wheat cropping system in 2019-2020 at research field of Directorate of Agricultural Research, Lumle, Kaski. The experiments consisted of  six pre-emergence and post-emergence chemical management practices (Tembotrione post-emergence (PoE), Pendimethalin as pre-emergence (PE), Atrazine as (PoE), Atrazine as PE fb Tembotrione as PoE, Pendimethalin as PE fb 2,4-D Ethyl Ester (EE), Pendimethalin as PE fb Tembotrione as PoE for maize crop; Pendimethalin as PE, Pendimethalin   as PE fb Manual weeding, Pendimethalin as PE fb Metribuzin, Pendimethalin as PE fb 2,4-D sodium salt as PoE, 2,4 D sodium salt as PoE, Metribuzin as PoE for wheat crop) compared with manual weeding and weedy check both maize and wheat. These treatments were studied in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Ageratum conyzoides and Chenopodium album were found to be the major weeds for the maize and wheat crop respectively. Atrazine as pre-emergence fb Tembotrione as post–emergence produced the highest yield (3.575 Mt ha-1) for maize season whereas 4.8 Mt ha-1 was obtained in Metribuzin treated plot as post emergence herbicide in wheat growing season. The yield increments by Tembotrione as post emergence was 71.51% and Metribuzin was 63.09% over weedy check. The findings could be useful for researchers and maize-wheat growing farmers of high rainfall ecologies.","PeriodicalId":316755,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy Journal of Nepal","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132447378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reasonable Fertilization Improves the Conservation Tillage Benefit for the Yield of Winter Maize in Rice-based Cropping System of Central Inner Terai of Nepal","authors":"S. Marahatta, T. Karki","doi":"10.3126/ajn.v6i1.47936","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/ajn.v6i1.47936","url":null,"abstract":"To investigate the effects of fertilization, tillage, and their interaction on maize yield, an experiment on rice-maize was conducted on 2018/19 and 2019/20 at Agriculture and Forestry University (AFU), Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal. The experiment was in a split-plot with two establishment methods viz. (i) zero tillage followed after (fa) conventionally tilled dry direct seeded rice (ZT fa CT-DDSR) (ii) conventional tillage fa puddled transplanted rice (CT fa Pu-TPR) and four nutrient management practices, i.e. (i) recommended dose (100% RDF; 180-90-60 N-P2O5-K2O kg ha-1), (ii) Residue retention of rice crop @ 5 t ha-1 + 75% RDF (RR +75% RDF), (iii) Nutrient expert (NE) dose (150-50-90 N-P2O5-K2O kg ha-1), (iv) Rice residue @ 3.5 t ha-1 +75% RDF followed after brown/green manuring of Sesbania in rice (R+75% RDF fa BM/GM) and the treatments were replicated thrice. The data on yield and yield attributes were recorded and analyzed by R studio. Both crop establishment methods and nutrient management practices did not influence (p>0.05) the plant population, number of cobs per plant, number of grains per cob, thousand-grain weight, and sterility. The barrenness percentage was not significantly affected by the crop establishment methods but significantly (p>0.05) lower under residue retained treatments. Application of NE dose, sterility was significantly (p<0.05) reduced under ZT fa CT-DDSR. The average grain yield, straw yield, and harvest index (HI) were 6153 kg ha-1, 4547 kg ha-1, and 53.81% respectively. The two years average grain yield was statistically at par (p>0.05) for both crop establishment methods whereas application of NE dose, RR+75% RDF, and R+75% RDF fa BM/GM resulted in significantly (p<0.05) higher grain yield than obtained in the 100% RDF applied plots.  Maize planting on zero tillage followed after CT-DDSR was equally productive and the use of a nutrient expert for nutrient recommendation or retention of residues with a 25% reduction of the RDF had a yield advantage over the present  RDF.","PeriodicalId":316755,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy Journal of Nepal","volume":"759 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122991346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated Weed Management in Summer Maize in Mid-Hills of Nepal","authors":"R. Bhattarai, B. Chaulagain, P. Gaywaly, T. Karki, Reshama Neupane, S. Das, Sangita Kaduwal","doi":"10.3126/ajn.v6i1.47957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/ajn.v6i1.47957","url":null,"abstract":"Weed is one of the major problems in maize production. To develop an appropriate weed management practice, a field experiment was carried out during 2017 and 2018 at Khumaltar. Twelve different treatments, Pendimethalin as pre @ 1.0 kg a.i ha-1, Atrazine as pre @ 1 kg a.i ha-1, Metribuzine as pre @ 0.5 kg a.i ha-1, Tembotrione as post @ 0.2 kg a.i ha-1,  Pendimethalin followed by (fb) 1 HW, Atrazine fb 1 HW, Metribuzine fb 1 HW, Tembotrione fb 1 HW,  Atrazine + Metribuzine (early post ) as tank mixed, Straw mulch, Weed free (2 HW) and Weedy check (control) were evaluated in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The experimental plot size was 12 m2 and maize variety Manakamana -4 was sown on 21 and 26 May in 2017 and 2018 respectively. The  seed rate used was 20 kg ha-1 with row spacing of 60 cm and plant to plant 20 cm. Fertilizers dose of 120:60:40 kg N:P2O5:K2O kg ha-1 was applied. Data on crop growth, weed and yields were recorded and analyzed. Weed count and biomass were recorded from a meter square quadrat and yield data taken from net plot of 5.4 m2. Results showed that plant height with straw mulch was maximum of 294 cm. Weed density was significantly influenced by different weed management treatments. Metribuzine post fb 1 HW recorded the less weeds (52.8) and highest (258.5) in weedy check. The lowest weed dry biomass was recorded in Metribuzine post fb 1 HW (9.3 g m-2). The highest grain yield (7.6 Mt ha-1) was found in Metribuzine @ 0.5 kg a.i ha-1 as post emergence. The increased in grain yield due to the application of Metribuzine @ 0.5 kg a.i ha-1 as post emergence was 32.5% over the weedy check. Similarly, the highest weed control efficiency (77.1%) and the highest BC ratio (2.46) was also recorded in Metribuzine @ 0.5 kg a.i ha-1 as post emergence. ","PeriodicalId":316755,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy Journal of Nepal","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128533234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crop Establishment Methods, Varieties and Levels of Zinc on Growth and Yield of Rice in Chitwan, Nepal","authors":"R. Pariyar, Shrawan K. Shah, S. Marahatta, T. Karki","doi":"10.3126/ajn.v6i1.47925","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/ajn.v6i1.47925","url":null,"abstract":"With the aim of identifying the appropriate doses of Zinc in rice for different varieties under various establishment methods, an experiment was carried out in a strip-split plot design with three replications at Agriculture and Forestry University, Rampur, Chitwan during 2015-16. The treatment consists of two crop establishment methods (Transplanted rice (TPR) and Direct Seeded Rice (DSR)) in the vertical strip and two varieties (Hybrid Gorakhnath-509 and Sabitri) in the horizontal strip and four levels of ZnSO4 (0, 15, 30 and 45 kg ha-1) in sub-sub plot. The observations were recorded on growth, yield attributes, grain yield and economics. The research results revealed that the application of ZnSO4 @ 15 Kg ha-1 significantly increased the grain yield of DSR as compared to the non-application of ZnSO4. The higher grain yield of rice was because of increased yield attributes like effective tillers, thousand-grain weight and the number of filled grains per panicle. Crop establishment methods and varieties did not have a significant influence on the grain yield of rice. DSR had a lower cost of cultivation, higher net return and higher benefit-cost ratio as compared to TPR. The variety Sabitri had lower cost of cultivation, higher net return and higher benefit-cost ratio as compared to Gorakhnath-509. Similarly, the application of ZnSO4 @ of 15 Kg ha-1 produced the highest net return and the highest  benefit-cost ratio. Therefore,  ZnSO4 @ 15 kg ha-1 could be an option for increased yield and net return for DSR in Chitwan.","PeriodicalId":316755,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy Journal of Nepal","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121951676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-year Prediction of Wheat Yield under the Changing Climatic Scenarios in Central-west Terai using DSSAT Crop Model","authors":"L. Amgain, Devid Dhakal, Laxmi Bhandari","doi":"10.3126/ajn.v6i1.47919","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/ajn.v6i1.47919","url":null,"abstract":"The central-west Terai region is one of the major production domains of wheat in Nepal; however, its yield over the past three decades has been greatly affected by climate anomalies such as fluctuating temperatures, decreased solar radiation and rainfall. NASA-POWER derived weather data of Taulihawa in Kapilbastu (27.55° N, 83.667° E) district in central Terai for the past 32–33 years (1984/85 - 2017/18) were purposively selected and downloaded and validated with recorded weather data (1985/86, 1995/96, 2005/06 and 2015/16) of Department of Hydrology and Meteorology (DHM). The trend analysis for grain yield of wheat yield in Kapilvastu was drawn with the historical data of maximum and minimum temperatures and rainfall. Positive correlations between grain yields and minimum temperature and rainfall each showed an acceptable coefficient of determinations (R2). The Cropping system Model - Crop Environment Resource Synthesis (CSM-CERES)- Wheat model, embedded in Decision Support Systems for Agro-technology Transfer (DSSAT) ver 4.7 was used for multi-year predictions of wheat yields using both historically recorded and simulated climatic scenarios. Model simulated results closely agreed with the observed wheat yields recorded by the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock Development (MoALD) in Nepal. The correlation coefficient of minimum temperature and wheat yield was 0.272 (p<0.05). The correlation between precipitation and observed and DSSAT simulated wheat yield were 0.379 (p<0.01). The multi-year predicted wheat yields using the historical weather data and by the use of the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2007) scenario embedded in DSSAT crop model showed that yield of wheat could be sustained with use of the current crop cultivars only for 2050 scenarios. Agro-climatic index, mainly temperature, was found to be more sensitive to wheat production in the Nepalese central-west Terai region. This study suggests for the development of new temperature and drought tolerant ready wheat cultivars to feed the increasingly growing Nepalese population.","PeriodicalId":316755,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy Journal of Nepal","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114843506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wheat-based Mixed-cropping Evaluation in the River-basin Areas of Far-western Nepal","authors":"B. Pokharel, B. Joshi, R. B. Bhat, D. Joshi, H. Joshi, Yamuna Joshi, Ramesh Bista, Rajesh Chaudhary, R. Giri","doi":"10.3126/ajn.v6i1.47968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/ajn.v6i1.47968","url":null,"abstract":"A study was conducted to find-out the optimum seed rate for wheat-based mixed cropping patterns in the research field of the Directorate of Agricultural Research, Bhagetada Doti. The field experiment was conducted in the two consecutive winters of 2019-20 and 2020-21. The recommended seed rate of wheat (120 kg/ha) was considered a check, and the wheat seed rate was reduced by 20, 30, and 40%, respectively, for pea, lentil, and gram, to generate different mixed cropping combinations. The mixed crops were broadcasted together with wheat during wheat sowing time. Chemical fertilizer was applied at the rate of 80:40:30 kg NPK ha-1 at the time of seed sowing, and no additional fertilizers were supplied to the mixed crops. The results revealed that the combination of lentils (30%) and wheat (70%) were found to be the most profitable and recorded the maximum wheat equivalent yield followed by the combinations of toria (30%) + wheat (70%) and toria (20%) + wheat (80%) in our study.","PeriodicalId":316755,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy Journal of Nepal","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121367629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Weed Control Efficiencies, Grain Yield and Economics as Affected by Seedbed Preparation and Weed Management Practices in Central Terai, Nepal","authors":"T. Karki, P. Gyawaly, S. Sah, S. Marahatta, Chetan Gyawaly","doi":"10.3126/ajn.v6i1.47967","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/ajn.v6i1.47967","url":null,"abstract":"Grain yield under dry direct seeded rice (DDSR) is primarily limited due to weeds. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted at Rampur, Chitwan during the monsoon season, of 2014. The treatments consisted of two methods of seedbed preparation in the main plot and six weed management methods in the sub-plot arranged in split plot design with four replications. Results revealed that the grain yield of dry-direct seeded rice did not vary due to seedbed preparation methods. However, weedy check treatments reduced more than 92.78 % of grain yield of dry-direct seeded rice compared to weed-free check. The herbicidal treatments were found to be superior for the benefit-cost ratio. Pendimethalin fb Bispyribac sodium recorded the highest net returns of NRs 68.73 thousand ha-1 and the benefit-cost ratio of 2.55. Sequential application of Pendimethalin followed by Bispyribac sodium was proved to be the most efficient weed management method for dry-direct seeded rice.","PeriodicalId":316755,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy Journal of Nepal","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125000509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response of Rice Establishment Methods on Different Dates on Yield and Yield Attributing Characteristics of Rice in Mid-hills of Nepal","authors":"B. Chaulagain, T. Karki, Reshama Neupane, R. Bhattarai, P. Gyawaly, Sangita Kaduwal, S. Das","doi":"10.3126/ajn.v6i1.47948","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/ajn.v6i1.47948","url":null,"abstract":"An experiment was conducted in the summer season of 2019 and 2020 at the National Agronomy Research Centre to find out the response of various establishment methods and dates on the performance of rice. The experiment was carried out in 2 Factorial Randomized Complete Block (RCB) design with 3 replications in an area of 12 m2 and planting geometry of 25 cm between rows and 20 cm between plants.  The establishment methods were Sprouted Direct Seeded Rice (SDSR) broadcasting, puddled transplanting, and unpuddled transplanting at three dates viz. 10th June, 26th June, and 10th July. Twenty four hours water-soaked seeds were allowed to sprouting for 48 hours and broadcasted in a puddled plot. 22 days old seedlings were transplanted in a puddled and unpuddled plots.  Recommended doses of fertilizer @ 100:30:30 N:P2O5:K2O kg  ha-1 was used in the experiment. SDSR produced the highest yield of 4.2 Mt ha-1 compared to puddled transplanting method with 3.4 Mt ha-1. The highest grain yield was recorded on 10th June (5.9 Mt ha-1) followed by 26th June (4.0 Mt ha-1). Sprouted direct seeded rice permitted to mature early and produced the higher grain yield.\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":316755,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy Journal of Nepal","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123353057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regenerative Agriculture and its Prospects in Nepal: A Review","authors":"Sonia K. Das, T. Karki, P. Gyawaly, Reshama Neupane, R. Bhattarai, Sangita Kaduwal, B. Chaulagain","doi":"10.3126/ajn.v6i1.47949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/ajn.v6i1.47949","url":null,"abstract":"Modern agriculture is heavily dependent on soil. Soil’s carrying capacity is being decreased these days due to erosion, depletion of soil nutrients and climate change. Regenerative agriculture is a way of farming both plants and animals that enriches and restores topsoil, and in turn, improves the water cycle. Nepal is also facing the ill effects of the conventional agriculture system. Therefore, an attempt has been made in this review article to highlight some of the alternative production systems suitable for Nepal. The findings of this review paper were about regenerative agriculture technology reduced the cost of production through minimum tillage, less use of agriculture inputs, less labor, consumption of less irrigation, maintaining soil moisture, water holding capacity and nutrient value through crop residue, crop rotation, soil cover, reduced soil erosion and run off top layer soil and increases the soil fertility through soil carbon sequestration that mitigates the climate change effects. The major constraints of regenerative agriculture are the lack of appropriate information and technologies in hand. For policymakers, farmers and food processing and marketing companies, regenerative agriculture has been an alternative production system with lower impacts on the environment. Therefore, to promote the identified and developed regenerative agricultural practices, participatory research in the farmer’s field with large-scale demonstration across the egro-ecological domains of the country.","PeriodicalId":316755,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy Journal of Nepal","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123721351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}