Kapata Arkeologi最新文献

{"title":"A Study of the Toponyms of Natural Topography in Siak, Riau Province","authors":"I. Yance","doi":"10.24832/kapata.v17i1.43-54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24832/kapata.v17i1.43-54","url":null,"abstract":"Toponimi bentangan alam wilayah Kabupaten Siak, Provinsi Riau sebagai bekas pusat kerajaan Melayu di Riau sangat menarik karena sangat konkret menggambarkan lanskap lingkungannya. Kekonkretan toponimi itu dapat dilihat dalam relasinya dengan manusia, sejarah, geografis, bahkan budaya. Penelitian ini difokuskan pada toponimi rupabumi alami, antara lain perbukitan, tasik, selat, tanjung, dan sungai di Kabupaten dengan tinjauan linguistik antropologis. Aspek yang diteliti mencakup bentuk dan aspek geografis toponimi, fungsinya, dan sistem kognisi orang Melayu Siak yang tecermin di dalamnya. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan pendekatan kualitatif dan metode deskriptif. Dari analisis data, toponimi alami di Kabupaten Siak dinamai dengan bahasa Melayu Riau. Bentuk leksikonnya berupa kata kompleks atau frasa yang selalu diawali dengan nama generik. Pada umumnya, toponimi dilatarbelakangi oleh aspek fisikal. Tidak banyak toponimi yang dilatarbelakangi oleh aspek sosial, kultural, atau oleh aspek fisik-sosial. Toponimi tersebut berfungsi untuk menandai, menjadi identitas formal, mendeskripsikan, dan sebagai pengingat latar belakang sejarah dan/atau sosial budaya suatu bentang alam. Makna leksikonnya mengungkapkan keeratan hubungan masyarakat Melayu Siak dengan lingkungannya. Toponimi alami di Kabupaten Siak mencerminkan kognisi orang Melayu Siak terkait dengan lingkungannya, baik fisik, sosial, maupun kultural dalam hal proses memanfaatkan, menghubungkan, konsep asimilasi, konsep akomodasi, konsep empirik, dan kreativitas. \u0000The toponyms of the landscape in Siak Regency as a former center of the Malay Kingdom in Riau is very significant in illustrating the landscape of its environment. The significance of toponym can be seen in its relation to humans, history, geography, and even culture. This research focuses on the natural topographical toponyms, including hills, lakes, straits, capes, and rivers in Siak Regency, Riau Province with anthropological linguistic reviews. This research was conducted with a qualitative approach and descriptive method. From the data analysis, the natural toponyms in Siak Regency are named after Riau Malay language. The lexicon is a compound word or phrase that always starts with a generic name. In general, physical aspects have underlain the toponyms. There are not many toponyms underlain by social, cultural, or physical-social aspects. The toponyms serve to mark, become an identity (formal), describe, and as a reminder of the historical or socio-cultural background of a landscape. The meaning of the lexicon reveals the closeness of the relationship between Siak Malay community and its environment. The natural toponyms in Siak Regency reflect the cognition of Siak Malays related to their environment, both physical, social, and cultural environments, in terms of utilizing and connecting processes, assimilation concept, accommodation concept, empirical concept, and creativity.","PeriodicalId":31643,"journal":{"name":"Kapata Arkeologi","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68864981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Positive Identification on the Skull From Colonial Era in Balai Pemuda, Surabaya","authors":"Nfn Suhendra, Bagaskara Adhinugroho, Yusuf Bilal Abdillah, Biandro Wisnuyana, Alief Maulana, Bayoghanta Maulana Mahardika, Rizky Nur Andrian, Rizky Sugianto Putri, Delta Bayu Murti, T. Koesbardiati","doi":"10.24832/kapata.v17i1.33-42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24832/kapata.v17i1.33-42","url":null,"abstract":"Dua tengkorak manusia ditemukan saat pembangunan ruang bawah tanah pada 30 November 2016 hingga 1 Desember 2016, di Balai Pemuda, Surabaya, salah satu bangunan peninggalan masa kolonial di Indonesia. Penemuan dua tengkorak menimbulkan pertanyaan, seperti identitas dan konteks keberadaannya. Kedua tengkorak tersebut diberi kode identitas tengkorak 160689 dan tengkorak 160690. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap identitas tengkorak 160689 dan tengkorak 160690 berdasarkan prosedur identifikasi positif antropologi forensik. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode prosedur identifikasi antropologi forensik. Metode ini diterapkan secara berurutan, pertama umur, kedua jenis kelamin, ketiga afiliasi populasi, keempat tinggi badan, dan terakhir karakteristik individu. Menariknya, karakteristik individu tengkorak 160690 ditemukan sejumlah bukti berbeda yang menjelaskan identitasnya, yaitu, modifikasi gigi, jejak penyakit, dan bentuk kepala asimetris. Berdasarkan hasil identifikasi positif pada tengkorak 160689 dan tengkorak 160690 menunjukkan bahwa kedua tengkorak tersebut berjenis kelamin perempuan dan berafiliasi dengan populasi ras Mongoloid. Terakhir, karakteristik individu dan deformasi pada daerah oksipital mengindikasikan deformasi yang tidak disengaja yang disebabkan oleh tekanan terus menerus pada sisi kiri daerah oksipital. Plagiocephaly bisa jadi akibat dari posisi tidur yang salah selama masa kanak-kanak. \u0000Two human skulls were found during basement construction from November 30th, 2016, to December 1st, 2016, in Balai Pemuda, Surabaya, one of Indonesia's colonial-era buildings. The discovery of two skulls raised questions, such as the identity and its context of existence. Both skulls were coded as skull 160689 and 160690. This research aimed to reveal the identity of skull 160689 and 160690 based on the positive identification procedure of forensic anthropology. This research applies the method of the forensic anthropology identification procedure. This method was used sequentially, firstly age, secondly gender, thirdly population affiliation, fourthly stature, and lastly, individual characteristics. Interestingly, the individual characteristics of skull 160690 have distinct evidence for explaining its identity, for instance, dental modification, disease markers, and asymmetrical head shape. Based on the positive identification results on skull 160689 and 160690 showed both skulls were female and affiliated with Mongoloid population. At last, individual characteristics and deformation on the occipital area were indicated as an unintentional deformation caused by pressure continuously on the left side of the occipital area. Plagiocephaly could be a result of incorrect sleeping position during childhood.","PeriodicalId":31643,"journal":{"name":"Kapata Arkeologi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47070372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Indonesian People in the Past Deal with Disaster Mitigation? An archaeological perspective","authors":"Atina Winaya, Ashar Murdihastomo","doi":"10.24832/kapata.v17i1.13-20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24832/kapata.v17i1.13-20","url":null,"abstract":"Bencana alam adalah bagian dari riwayat bangsa kita sejak masa prasejarah. Meskipun bencana alam merupakan hal yang tidak terpisahkan dari kehidupan masyarakat Indonesia, namun disadari masih kurang kesadaran dan kesiapan terhadap kondisi ini. Hal tersebut ditunjukkan dengan tingginya angka kerugian material dan non material dalam setiap kejadian bencana. Keadaan ini disebabkan oleh belum optimalnya pelaksanaan penanggulangan bencana di Indonesia, khususnya dalam mitigasi bencana. Untuk merumuskan konsepsi baru penanggulangan bencana, masyarakat saat ini harus belajar menghadapi bencana alam dari manusia di masa lalu. Nilai dan kearifan lokal masih relevan hingga saat ini karena kita hidup di nusantara yang sama. Sebagai ilmu yang mempelajari budaya manusia yang telah punah, arkeologi dapat membantu menjelaskan sejarah bencana di suatu wilayah dan dampaknya terhadap kehidupan manusia di masa lalu. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan studi kepustakaan, tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan aksi mitigasi bencana yang dilakukan oleh leluhur bangsa Indonesia sebagai acuan mitigasi bencana di zaman modern ini. Setidaknya ada dua sorotan nilai yang masih relevan. Pertama, pembinaan mental dan karakter masyarakat yang tinggal di daerah rawan bencana, dan kedua pembangunan fisik mengenai sifat bencana di masing-masing daerah. \u0000A natural disaster is part of our nation’s journey from the prehistoric era. Even though natural disaster is an inseparable matter with Indonesian people’s lives, but there is still a lack of awareness and readiness due to this issue. The high number sees it as material and non-material losses in every disaster event. This situation is caused by non-optimally disaster management implementation in Indonesia, especially in disaster mitigation. To formulate the new conception of disaster management, modern people should learn how to deal with natural disasters from ancient people. Values and local wisdom are still relevant today since we live in the same archipelago. As a science that studies extinct human culture, archaeology can help explain the history of disasters in a region and its impact on human life in the past.  Using the literature study approach, this paper aims to describe disaster mitigation actions implemented by Indonesia’s ancestors as a reference to disaster mitigation in modern times. At least there are two highlights of values that are still relevant. First is the mental and character building of people who live in a disaster-prone area, and second is the physical development regarding the nature of disaster in each region.","PeriodicalId":31643,"journal":{"name":"Kapata Arkeologi","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46689210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clothing Motifs Identification of the Guardian Statues in the Padang Lawas Temple Compounds","authors":"N. A. Izza, Nurul Afni Sya’adah, Melvidiani","doi":"10.24832/kapata.v17i2.111-120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24832/kapata.v17i2.111-120","url":null,"abstract":"Sejumlah arca penjaga baik utuh maupun fragmentaris merupakan bagian dari banyak peninggalan periode klasik di Padang Lawas. Sejumlah objek arca penjaga yang ditemukan di area ini diketahui diwujudkan mengenakan jenis pakaian dengan motif yang beragam. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi variasi motif pakaian arca-arca penjaga dari Kompleks Kepurbakalaan Padang Lawas. Metode penelitian yang diterapkan adalah metode kualitatif yang digabungkan dengan studi komparasi terhadap busana arca sejenis dan motif tekstil lokal Sumatra Utara. Lokasi pengumpulan data penelitian merupakan lokasi asal dari ditemukannya arca-arca penjaga yang tersebar di Situs Bahal, Candi Sitopayan, dan Candi Sipamutung. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan motif busana arca penjaga dari Padang Lawas lebih beragam dari arca sejenis dari wilayah lain di Sumatra dan Jawa. Busana arca penjaga dikelompokkan menjadi tiga jenis motif, motif busana A dan B terdapat di Kompleks Bahal dan Candi Sitopayan, dan motif busana C terdapat pada busana arca penjaga dari Candi Sipamutung. Berdasarkan analisis komparasi yang dilakukan terdapat kemiripan busana arca penjaga dari Padang Lawas dengan motif tekstil dari India dan Jawa serta motif dasar ulos dari Sumatra Utara khususnya Batak Angkola-Mandailing. \u0000Both intact and fragmentary, guardian statues are part of the many relics from the classical period in Padang Lawas. The guardian statues in this area are depicted wearing various types of clothing with diverse motifs. This research aims to identify variations in the clothing motifs of guardian statues from the Padang Lawas Temple Compounds. The research method applied is a qualitative method combined with a comparative study of similar sculpture clothing and local textile motifs of Sumatra Utara. The location of research data collection is the origin of the discovery of guardian statues scattered at the Bahal Site, Sitopayan Temple, and Sipamutung Temple. The research results showed that the clothing motifs of the guardian statues from Padang Lawas were more diverse than similar statues from other regions in Sumatra and Java. The clothing of the guardian statues is grouped into three motifs: A and B motifs from the Bahal Site and the Sitopayan Temple, and the C clothing motifs are shown on the clothing of guardian statues from the Sipamutung Temple. Based on the comparative analysis, there are similarities in the clothing of the guardian statues from Padang Lawas with textile motifs from India and Java and the basic motifs of ulos from Sumatra Utara, especially the Angkola-Mandailing Batak.","PeriodicalId":31643,"journal":{"name":"Kapata Arkeologi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46085471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tracing the Earliest Settlements on Seram Island, as a Theoretical Framework for the Chronology of Human Occupation in the Maluku Archipelago","authors":"Muhammad Al Mujabuddawat","doi":"10.24832/kapata.v17i2.55-70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24832/kapata.v17i2.55-70","url":null,"abstract":"Pulau Seram merupakan pulau terbesar dalam kawasan Kepulauan Maluku bagian Selatan. Studi geologi juga secara umum menyimpulkan bahwa Seram merupakan salah satu pulau yang paling tua ditinjau dari usia geologi di Kepulauan Maluku. Tradisi lisan masyarakat asli Maluku mengenal Pulau Seram dengan sebutan ‘Nusa Ina’ atau ‘Pulau Ibu,’ serta diyakini sebagai lokasi legenda ‘Nunusaku’ atau asal-usul orang Maluku saat ini. Sejumlah riwayat penelitian yang pernah dilakukan oleh para ahli merekam berbagai data arkeologi yang tersebar di Pulau Seram sebagai bukti bekas hunian dan permukiman. Data arkeologi yang ditemukan di Pulau Seram cukup beragam yang berasal dari masa paleolitik, neolitik, hingga masa sejarah, menjadikan Pulau Seram sebagai lokasi yang memiliki data riwayat periodisasi hunian paling lengkap dan panjang. Informasi tradisi lisan juga laporan masyarakat relatif menjadi rujukan dalam penelusuran data arkeologi di lokasi yang  terindikasi sebagai hunian dan permukiman kuno. Penelitian ini mendeskripsikan jejak-jejak hunian dan permukiman paling awal di Pulau Seram serta Kepulauan Maluku bagian Selatan secara umum. Penelusuran data arkeologis dilakukan melalui observasi lapangan. Analisis penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif terhadap seluruh data arkeologis dan informasi tradisi lisan yang dikumpulkan dengan merujuk pada kajian referensi yang relevan. Penelitian ini membahas sejumlah riwayat penelusuran hunian dan permukiman pada masa prakolonial yang pernah diinisiasi selama ini, serta upaya penelusuran data arkeologis terbaru berdasarkan informasi tradisi lisan dan laporan masyarakat. Penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk merangkum dan menelaah kembali sejumlah referensi termutakhir mengenai teori penghunian paling awal Kepulauan Maluku yang sejauh ini masih menjadi diskusi yang menarik, mengingat minimnya referensi data arkeologi serta uji kronologi absolut di wilayah ini. Penelitian ini menghasilkan rekonstruksi teori penghunian dan permukiman paling awal di Pulau Seram pada khususnya dan Kepulauan Maluku secara umum. \u0000Seram Island is the largest island in the Southern part of the Maluku Archipelago. Geological studies also generally conclude that Seram is one of the oldest islands in Maluku. The oral tradition of the indigenous people of Maluku knows Seram Island as 'Nusa Ina' or 'Mother Island.' Seram Island is the location of the legend of 'Nunusaku' or the origins of the Maluku People. Several historical studies by experts record various archaeological data scattered on Seram Island as evidence of early human dwellings and settlements. Archaeological data on Seram Island is quite varied from the Paleolithic Neolithic to historical periods. The data shows Seram Island as the most comprehensive location of periodization of human occupation. Information on oral traditions and community reports are relatively being a reference in tracing archaeological data in some areas indicated as ancient dwellings and settlements. Th","PeriodicalId":31643,"journal":{"name":"Kapata Arkeologi","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68865629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sungai Batu Archaeological Complex as A Major Industrial Area for the Kedah Tua Kingdom Based on Core Drilling Data","authors":"M. H. A. Halim, S. S. K. Masnan, Nur Khairunnisa Talib, M. Saidin","doi":"10.24832/kapata.v17i2.71-84","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24832/kapata.v17i2.71-84","url":null,"abstract":"Kompleks Arkeologi Sungai Batu adalah kawasan yang terdiri dari himpunan permukiman dan situs pertukaran yang terletak di Lembah Bujang, yang cukup maju sebagai pusat pemerintahan dari abad ke-2 hingga ke-14 Masehi. Temuan arkeologi di Sungai Batu menunjukkan wilayah tersebut merupakan pemukiman yang secara khusus menjadi pusat penghasil besi, baik terlibat dalam kegiatan penambangan maupun peleburan besi. Penelitian lapangan ini menerapkan metode pengeboran inti di kawasan Kompleks Arkeologi Sungai Batu yang bertujuan untuk memperoleh data primer terkait potensinya sebagai pusat kawasan industri Kerajaan Kedah Tua. Bukti arkeologis terkini mengungkapkan bahwa kawasan ini dahulu sebagai pusat bengkel peleburan besi untuk kerajaan Kedah Tua sejak 788 SM. Analisis pengeboran inti berdasarkan contoh tanah jelas menunjukkan bahwa daerah ini merupakan bagian dari teluk laut purba yang luas sebelum turunnya permukaan air laut. Daerah ini lalu berubah menjadi muara sungai yang memungkinkan berdirinya permukiman. Daerah Kompleks Arkeologi Sungai Batu juga kaya akan kandungan bahan baku seperti bijih besi untuk industri peleburan dan alluvium untuk pembuatan batu bata. Daerah ini kemudian berkembang menjadi kompleks industri yang maju sejak 788 SM. \u0000Sungai Batu archaeological complex is a group of various settlements and exchange sites located in the Bujang Valley, which developed as a polity from the 2nd to 14th century AD. The archaeological findings at Sungai Batu suggest the position of the area as a polity or settlement specializing in primary iron production, which involved the activities of iron mining and smelting. Field research involving core drilling methods applied in the area of ​​Sungai Batu Archaeological Complex with the main purpose of obtaining primary data related to its potential as a major industrial area of ​​Kedah Tua Kingdom. This is because current archaeological evidence reveals that this area has been used as a major and advanced iron smelting workshop for the Kedah Tua kingdom since 788 BC. Analysis of core drilling (soil samples) clearly shows that this area represented the part of a large ancient marine bay before the sea level decreased. It was changed to become a river estuary allowing settlements to be established. Sungai Batu Archaeological Complex also exposed many raw materials such as iron ore for the smelting industry and alluvium for making a brick. It has developed into a flourishing industrial complex since 788 BC.","PeriodicalId":31643,"journal":{"name":"Kapata Arkeologi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45796760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Data Description and Epigraphy of Tin Plate Inscriptions in the Southern Sumatra","authors":"Wahyu Rizky Andhifani","doi":"10.24832/kapata.v17i2.97-110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24832/kapata.v17i2.97-110","url":null,"abstract":"Sepanjang Kawasan pesisir Timur Sumatera Bagian Selatan mulai dari Jambi hingga ke Sumatera Selatan merupakan daerah lahan basah yang mengandung berbagai peninggalan masa lalu. Peninggalan tersebut berupa bekas perahu, manik-manik, tembikar, terakota, dan bahkan prasasti logam baik itu berbahan timah maupun tembaga. Prasasti berbahan timah merupakan data artefaktual yang relatif banyak ditemukan. Sejumlah prasasti berbahan timah di kawasan tersebut merupakan data yang penting untuk dikaji menggunakan metode Epigrafi. Metode ini meliputi deskripsi dimensi bentuk, unsur bahan penyusun, analisis tekstual isi prasasti, dan penafsirannya. Media tulis pada timah menjadi hal yang lazim ketika bahan baku batu atau jenis logam lain tidak banyak tersedia di wilayah tersebut. Timah yang digunakan kemungkinan berasal dari daerah Timur, yaitu daerah Pulau Bangka, Pulau Belitung, Pulau Singkep, dan lainnya. Berdasarkan analisis X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), tercatat timah yang digunakan merupakan jenis timah putih murni dengan kode Sn dan hanya sedikit mengandung timah hitam Pb. Aksara yang digunakan dalam sejumlah data prasasti timah tersebut yaitu aksara yang diidentifikasikan sebagai aksara Sumatra Kuno, aksara Ulu/Ka-Ga-Nga, aksara Jawi, dan aksara Arab. Berdasarkan hasil kajian epigrafi, isi yang terkandung dalam prasasti-prasasti timah tersebut Sebagian besar merupakan teks mantra-mantra. Teks mantra diperkirakan diberikan oleh seorang dukun atau orang pintar dalam bidang ilmu gaib dengan tujuan keselamatan saat berada di dalam daerahnya sendiri maupun di luar daerah mereka. \u0000Along the Eastern coast of Southern Sumatra, from Jambi to South Sumatra is a wetland area that contains various relics from the past. Relics from the past include boat wrecks, beads, pottery, terracotta, and metal plate inscriptions made of tin and copper. Tin plate inscriptions are relatively common artifactual data found. Several tin plate inscriptions in the area are essential data to be studied using the Epigraphic method. This method includes a description of the form dimensions, the elements of the constituent materials, textual analysis of the contents of the inscription, and interpretation. Tin-based writing material became familiar when the raw materials for stone or other metals were not widely available in the area. From the X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) analysis, it is known that the tin used was pure white tin with the code Sn and only a small amount of Pb or lead. The tin material used may have come from the East, i.e., Bangka Island, Belitung Island, Singkep Island, and others. Based on the epigraphic study, the contents of the tin plate inscriptions are mostly texts of spells. A shaman has likely written the spell text for salvation purposes. The scripts used in the tin plate inscription data were identified as Old Sumatran, Ulu/Ka-Ga-Nga, Jawi, and Arabic.","PeriodicalId":31643,"journal":{"name":"Kapata Arkeologi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49357758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maritime in the Literary Works during The Kaḍiri- Majapahit Period (XII –XVI Centuries)","authors":"T. Nastiti","doi":"10.24832/kapata.v17i1.21-32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24832/kapata.v17i1.21-32","url":null,"abstract":"Kerajaan-kerajaan masa Jawa Kuno dikenal sebagai negara agraris. Meskipun demikian tidak menjadikan kerajaan-kerajaan tersebut hanya bergerak di bidang pertanian saja, tetapi juga di bidang kemaritiman. Informasi yang menjelaskan kehidupan dan aktivitas kemaritiman pada masa Jawa Kuno didapatkan dari data arkeologis dan tekstual berupa prasasti, berita asing, dan naskah. Data tekstual yang dipakai sebagai sumber, umumnya dibagi ke dalam sumber primer dan sekunder. Sumber primer dianggap sebagai data yang lebih akurat dibandingkan dengan sumber sekunder, karena merupakan dokumen penting dan ditulis pada masanya. Data tekstual yang dianggap sebagai sumber primer adalah prasasti dan berita asing (tambo Dinasti Cina dan berita dari orang Eropa terutama Portugis), sedangkan yang dianggap sumber sekunder adalah naskah terutama karya sastra. Tujuan dari penulisan ini adalah mengungkapkan berbagai hal terkait aktivitas kemaritiman pada masa Jawa Kuno, terutama yang digambarkan dalam karya-karya sastra. Ternyata dalam karya sastra dari masa Kaḍiri-Majapahit banyak menuliskan tentang hal-hal yang berhubungan dengan kemaritiman, baik jenis perahu, perahu karam, bajak laut, maupun aktivitas masyarakat pesisir. Metode yang dipakai dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif analisis dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Hasil dari kajian ini memperlihatkan bahwa karya-karya sastra meskipun dianggap sebagai data sekunder, namun dari tulisan karya sastra terdapat kebenaran data yang tidak didapatkan dalam data primer. \u0000The kingdoms of the Old Javanese period were known as agrarian. However, this does not make these kingdoms only engaged in agriculture but also the maritime sector. Much information that contains maritime culture and activities during the Old Javanese period was acquired from various archaeological and textual data such as ancient inscriptions, foreign records, and texts. Textual data used as sources segmented into primary and secondary sources. Primary sources are considered more accurate than secondary sources because the primary sources record many events written at that time. Textual data that are considered primary sources are ancient inscriptions and foreign evidence such as the Chinese Dynasty tambo and European records, mostly Portuguese. Meanwhile, secondary sources such as ancient manuscripts, mainly ancient literary texts. This study aims to reveal various affairs related to maritime activities in the Old Javanese period, especially those expressed and portrayed in ancient literature. By the initial study, ancient literature from the Kaḍiri-Majapahit period contains many things related to maritime culture, both types of watercraft, shipwrecks, pirates, and the activities of the people who lived in the seacoast environment. The method used in this study is descriptive analysis with a qualitative approach. This study shows not much description of the maritime culture in Old Javanese inscriptions as the primary sources. However, it figures prominently","PeriodicalId":31643,"journal":{"name":"Kapata Arkeologi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46429899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Banjar Elite Response to Ethical Policy 1900—1942 on Education Aspect","authors":"Noor Hasanah","doi":"10.24832/kapata.v17i2.121-130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24832/kapata.v17i2.121-130","url":null,"abstract":"Keberadaan dan perkembangan lembaga pendidikan di Banjar, Kalimantan Selatan, sebagai reaksi terhadap Etische Politiek (Kebijakan Etis Belanda) relatif pesat. Namun, penelitian terkait hal tersebut masih terkesan minim, seringkali hanya berupa biografi tokoh, ulama, dan sejarah Islam yang diyakini oleh masyarakat Banjar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan bahwa meskipun kolonial Belanda menerapkan Kebijakan Etis sebagai pembatasan hak pendidikan pribumi, para elit ulama, cendekiawan, dan pedagang menanggapi aturan tersebut dengan membentuk lembaga pendidikan tandingan, baik yang berbasis pada nasionalisme dan yang berbasis Islam. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan sosio-intelektual sejarah dan historis-kritis. Metode ini digunakan karena mengamati sejarah gerakan pendidikan di Banjar sebagai respon terhadap pendidikan yang diselenggarakan oleh Belanda. Pendekatan ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan peristiwa sejarah yang berkaitan langsung dengan pendidikan di Banjar. Tahapan penelitian ini antara lain: heuristik, verifikasi atau kritik, interpretasi, dan historiografi. Selanjutnya, data yang ditemukan ditulis secara kronologis menurut catatan sejarah para penulis sejarah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Kebijakan Etis pada aspek pendidikan tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap masyarakat Banjar karena mereka lebih memilih madrasah atau pesantren untuk sekolah, serta sekolah nasionalis, yang secara konsisten menumbuhkan rasa cinta tanah air dan semangat kemerdekaan. \u0000The existence and development of educational institutions in Banjar, South Kalimantan, as a reaction to Etische Politiek (Dutch Ethical Policy) are relatively rapid. However, the research related to it still seems minimal, often only in the form of biographies of figures, scholars, and the history of Islam believed by the Banjarese. The research aims to prove that although the Dutch colonials applied the Ethical Policy as a limitation of indigenous education rights, the elites who were ulama (Islamic clerics), intellectuals, and traders responded to these rules by forming rival educational institutions, both those based on nationalism and those based on Islam. This research uses a socio-intellectual history and historical-critical approach. These methods are used because it observes the history of the education movement in Banjar as a response to education organized by the Dutch. This approach aims to describe historical events that are directly related to education in Banjar. This research takes the following steps: heuristics, verification or criticism, interpretation, and historiography. Then, the data found are written chronologically according to the historical records of the historical writers. The research shows that Ethical Policy on the education aspect did not significantly influence the Banjarese because they preferred madrasa or pesantren for school, as well as nationalist schools, which consistently fostered a sense of love for the homeland and the s","PeriodicalId":31643,"journal":{"name":"Kapata Arkeologi","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46318069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subsistence Strategy of Here Sorot Entapa Cave in Kisar Island, Maluku: Dwelling Site in Island with Limited Terrestrial Resources","authors":"Nfn Alifah, Nfn Mahirta","doi":"10.24832/kapata.v17i1.1-12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24832/kapata.v17i1.1-12","url":null,"abstract":"Penelitian di wilayah Wallacea selalu menghasilkan informasi yang menarik, salah satunya adalah mengenai peran pulau-pulau yang berada di wilayah ini dalam jalur migrasi manusia. Beberapa pulau kecil yang ada di wilayah ini merupakan pulau dengan sumber daya alam yang terbatas. Gua Here Sorot Entapa merupakan salah satu situs yang terletak di Kawasan Wallacea bagian Tenggara, yaitu di Pulau Kisar. Hasil ekskavasi yang dilakukan telah menemukan akumulasi artefak, ekofak dan fitur. Lalu bagaimana adaptasi yang dilakukan oleh manusia pada masa itu terhadap lingkungan dengan sumberdaya alam yang terbatas, merupakan hal yang akan dibahas dalam tulisan ini. Metode yang digunakan dalam tulisan ini adalah analisis hasil ekskavasi yang dilakukan oleh Tim Penelitian gabungan UGM dan ANU serta Balai Arkeologi Maluku. Untuk mengetahui perubahan lingkungan dan pemanfaatannya akan digunakan data botani yang diperoleh secara langsung maupun studi pustaka. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Gua Here Sorot Entapa dihuni sejak sekitar 16.000 BP. Pemanfaatan sumberdaya laut merupakan subsistensi utama di samping pemanfaatan beberapa jenis tumbuhan yang secara kuantitas berbanding lurus dengan pemanfaatan sumberdaya laut. \u0000Research in the Wallacea area always produces exciting information, including the role of the islands in this region in human migration routes. Several small islands in this region are islands with limited terrestrial resources. Here Sorot Entapa cave is one of the sites located on Kisar Island, Southeast Wallacea region. The occupation of small islands presents particular challenges for human communities related to limited terrestrial resources and susceptibility to natural disasters. Then how the adaptation made by humans at that time in an environment with limited terrestrial resources is discussed in this study. This study used excavation methods to obtain data accumulation of artifacts, ecofacts, and features. Literature study and botanical data analysis were used to determine environmental changes and resource utilization. The results of this study indicate that the Here Sorot Entapa Cave has been occupied since around 16,000 BP. Marine resources were the primary subsistence along with several types of plants food in the same quantity. The function of the Here Sorot Entapa Cave may also be related to the existence of rock art that spread on Kisar Island. Eventually, Kisar Island was the main purpose of a prehistoric human in carrying out religious and artistic activities, and the Here Sorot Entapa Cave served as a temporary shelter for these activities.","PeriodicalId":31643,"journal":{"name":"Kapata Arkeologi","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45055049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}