Rwanda Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Noise Level and its Sources in Neonatal Intensive Care Units of Selected Public Hospitals in Kigali City","authors":"Ruth Dusabe, A. Muhayimana, Patrice Mujawimana, P. Meharry","doi":"10.4314/rjmhs.v3i2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/rjmhs.v3i2.3","url":null,"abstract":"Background \u0000Noise in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) has an impact on the developmental progress of neonates, especially preterm. Technology advancement has improved the life of preterm neonates, but also changed NICU into a noisy place. \u0000Objective \u0000To measure the noise levels and identify its sources in NICU at selected public hospitals in Kigali city` \u0000Methods \u0000A quantitative cross-sectional descriptive study. A sound level meter was used in recording the Sound level in six different locations of the NICUs at five different times. An observational checklist was used to identify possible sources of noise. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics (ANOVA). \u0000Results \u0000Sound levels recorded in all the NICUs were high ranging from 61.8 decibel (dB) to 77.0 dB, greater than the 45 dB recommended by the American Association of Pediatrics (AAP). The maximum noise level was 77.0 dB. Ward rounds had the highest noise levels, and lunchtime had the lowest noise levels in all hospitals. Noise levels were high at the station near the entrance in all NICU rooms. \u0000Conclusion \u0000In all NICUs, the noise level generated was greater than the standard limits established by AAP. Neonates need noise-free environment as excess noise has an impact on their wellbeing. \u0000Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2020;3(2):115-127","PeriodicalId":315881,"journal":{"name":"Rwanda Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116601180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Maternal Periodontitis on Preterm Birth and Low Birth Weight in Babies: Results of a Scoping Review","authors":"Peace Uwambaye, C. Munyanshongore, S. Rulisa, H. Shiau, Assuman Nuhu, Michael S. Kerr","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-24252/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-24252/v1","url":null,"abstract":"Background \u0000Periodontitis has been documented as public health concern but its association with preterm and low birth weight remains uncertain, thus the objective of this scoping review is to summarize the most recent published evidence related to the impact of periodontitis on preterm birth and low birth weight in order to improve public awareness and to inform policies for oral health during pregnancy. \u0000Methods \u0000Hinari, PubMed, and Google Scholar were searched to acquire the published literature. The retrieved studies included cross-sectional, case control studies and randomized controlled trials with available full text published in English from 2008 to 2019. \u0000Results \u0000After combining the key words, 333 articles were identified with only 133 eligible articles published from 2008 to 2019. After reviewing the available 50 full text articles, duplicates were removed and 15 studies fully met the inclusion criteria. There were 13 articles that supported the association between maternal periodontitis and preterm low birth weight while 2 found no evidence to support the association. \u0000Conclusion \u0000The results of this scoping review contribute to an increasing body of evidence to support the hypothesis that maternal periodontal disease may be a risk factor for preterm delivery and low birth weight. \u0000Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2020;3(3):372-386","PeriodicalId":315881,"journal":{"name":"Rwanda Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128186170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Local authorities’ attitude towards people with mental illness in Musanze District, Rwanda","authors":"Vedaste Baziga, A. Gasovya, Fauste Uwingabire","doi":"10.4314/rjmhs.v2i3.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/rjmhs.v2i3.5","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Mental illnesses (MIs) are currently contributing to the worldwide burden of disease and they are among 10 main causes of disability on worldwide. In addition, mental Health care users are among the people most stigmatized by the general population which includes local leaders. Methods: The design used for conducting this study was quantitative and cross-sectional survey and the study was conducted in Muhoza sector of Musanze District in Rwanda. The tool used to correct data was self-report questionnaire that included socio-demographic variables (gender, age, experience and level of education), level of contact scale and community attitudes towards mental illness - Swedish version (CAMI-S). In this study self-report questionnaire was provided to the local authorities in Muhoza sector (n=123, N=174). Data analysis was done using a statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 22. Results: Findings from the current study revealed negative stereotypical attitudes among local authorities towards people with mental illness. The participants’ total score on the CAMI-S was ranging between 24% and 81%. In addition, the study revealed some contradictions and neutral responses. Less negative stereotypical attitudes were found among participants who have university and secondary education levels than participants with primary education and those who have not completed primary school. In addition, participants with more experience in local government system reflected less negative stereotypical attitudes than participants who are less experienced in local government system. This study showed a negative correlation between level of contact and community attitudes towards mental illness. Conclusion: Local authorities in a selected sector of Musanze District, hold negative stereotypical attitudes towards people with mental disorders. However, the extent of contradiction within participant responses suggests social desirability bias. Also, there is association between negative stereotypical attitudes and the level of education and experience. Finally, the results suggest that familiarity has a mediating effect on negative stereotypical attitudes. Keywords: Local authorities, mental illness, negative stereotypical attitudes, familiarity, sector","PeriodicalId":315881,"journal":{"name":"Rwanda Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128212523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Educational intervention to increase parental care of preterm neonates at district hospital in Kigali","authors":"M. Mukarubayiza, M. Gowan","doi":"10.4314/RJMHS.V2I2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/RJMHS.V2I2.5","url":null,"abstract":"Background: A preterm neonate usually requires specialised care in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Nurses in the NICU are the primary source of parental education particularly for preterm neonates. Objective: To assess the effectiveness of a preterm infant care educational program on parental knowledge acquisition in the NICU. Methods: A quasi-experimental pre-test post-test design was used. A convenience sample of 53 parents with preterm infants was recruited at a district hospital NICU in 2017 in Kigali. The twohour evidenced-based intervention in the local language of Kinyarwanda included five Global Health Media Project videos and a power-point presentation on the knowledge and skills to improve maternal and neonatal health. Data analysis included descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The mean correct pre-test knowledge score was 54%, and the mean correct post-test score was 92%, indicating a significant increase (38%) of correct responses after the intervention. Conclusion: An educational intervention was found to be effective in improving parental knowledge in caring for preterm infants in a district hospital NICU in Kigali. This evidenced-based intervention could become routine for neonatal nurses in NICUs throughout Rwanda. Keywords: NICU, educational program, parents, preterm birth, prematurity","PeriodicalId":315881,"journal":{"name":"Rwanda Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127382751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anxiety and depression among cancer patients: prevalence and associated factors at a Rwandan referral hospital","authors":"Marie Goretti Uwayezu, D. Gishoma, Ruth Sego, M. Mukeshimana, A. Collins","doi":"10.4314/RJMHS.V2I2.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/RJMHS.V2I2.7","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cancer patients frequently experience psychological problems related to reactions of cancer diagnosis, cancer type, treatment effects, recurrence, fear of end-of-life, survivorship, and financial burden. Psychological assessment has been integrated into cancer care in some countries, but there is limited knowledge about the practice in Rwanda. Objective: To assess the prevalence and associated factors of anxiety and depression among patients with cancer attending a private referral hospital in Rwanda. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study design was used with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) instrument to assess cancer patients. A probability systematic random sampling technique was used to recruit 96 patients. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics to determine the association of variables with anxiety and depression. Results: The majority of cancer patients had depression (67.7%) and anxiety (52.1%). Anxiety was associated with employment status (p=0.02), cancer stage (p=0.02), weight loss (p=0.00) and depression (p=0.00). Depression was associated with cancer stage (p=0.02), pain (p=0.03), weight loss (p= 0.03), cancer treatment (p=0.02) and anxiety (p=0.001). Conclusion: Anxiety and depression were reported in over half of the study population indicating a need to create and integrate psycho-oncology into standard oncology care. Keywords: Cancer, anxiety, depression, prevalence, associated factors","PeriodicalId":315881,"journal":{"name":"Rwanda Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124859049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Birth asphyxia at a district hospital in Kigali, Rwanda","authors":"Fauste Uwingabire, M. Gowan","doi":"10.4314/RJMHS.V2I2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/RJMHS.V2I2.4","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Prematurity, birth asphyxia (BA), and sepsis are the leading causes of neonatal mortality. The BA prevalence rate is 23% worldwide and affects up to 39% in Rwanda. Birth asphyxia is an insult with significant consequences to the neonate’s brain and other vital organs due to decreased oxygen before, during or immediately after birth. Objective: To assess the BA prevalence, associated factors, and outcomes at a district hospital in Kigali. Methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional study of 340 neonates admitted to the NICU in 2016. Results: Birth asphyxia was identified in 135 out of 340 newborns (39.7%). Associated factors included gravida, meconium-stained amniotic fluid, normal duration of labor, normal duration of ROM, vaginal delivery, Apgar score of ≤5 at 5 minutes, respiratory ventilation and cardiac massage and normal birth weight (2500-3999gr). Two-thirds were born via vaginal birth (66.5%), and nearly half (47.3%) had BA. One-third was born via cesarean (33.5%), and a quarter (24.6%) had BA. Other BA outcomes included prolonged hospitalization beyond the neonatal period at 75% compared to non asphyxiated babies (25%). The mean days of NICU stay was 7.6 (SD: 6.1) for BA while it was 5.3 (SD: 4.16) for non-asphyxiated babies; early seizures (52.6%) and high specific mortality (87%). Discussion: Findings revealed a 6% BA prevalence increase, and a BA-specific mortality rate 13 times higher than previously recorded. Trained healthcare professionals need to reverse this significant trend in both vaginal and cesarean births that likely has a profound effect on the neonate, family, and community. Keywords: Birth asphyxia, neonatal morbidity, mortality, prevalence, risk factors, outcomes, sub-Saharan Africa","PeriodicalId":315881,"journal":{"name":"Rwanda Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125057917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vasectomy is family planning: factors affecting uptake among men in eastern province of Rwanda","authors":"C. Ntakirutimana, Providence M. Umuziga, Bellancille Nikuze, R. White, P. Meharry, O. Adejumo","doi":"10.4314/RJMHS.V2I2.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/RJMHS.V2I2.8","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Vasectomy is the only permanent method of male contraception. It is safer, cheaper, and easier to provide than female sterilisation. Men typically take a vocal role as decision-makers in Africa, yet it is women who take family planning (FP) action. Objective: To assess the knowledge and attitude of men toward vasectomy as a method of FP in the Eastern Province of Rwanda. Methods: A cross-sectional design, and systematic sampling of every other household was used in a selected area. The sample size was 390 men and a valid questionnaire was used to collect data. Data analysis included descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: Sociodemographic characteristics affecting vasectomy included education (p < 0.001), religion (p < 0.001), and the number of sexual partners (p = 0.018). Knowledge scores ranged from 58.4% to 82.6%. Many participants agreed that men should take part in FP (78.7%), and use vasectomy as an FP method (77.2%). Conclusion: Men scored over 50% on vasectomy knowledge items, though many erroneously believed misconceptions. Misinformation is a barrier to vasectomy uptake, and greater awareness of vasectomy knowledge is needed to change attitudes and increase acceptance. Rwandan families and communities could greatly benefit from men’s active role in family planning. Keywords: Vasectomy, family planning, contraception, men, sub-Sahara Africa","PeriodicalId":315881,"journal":{"name":"Rwanda Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences","volume":"659 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132161879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perceived effects of burnout on patients and its management among nurses in the Intensive Care Unit and Emergency Department of a Rwandan University Teaching Hospital","authors":"Emeline Umutoni Cishahayo, M. Tuyisenge, M. Mwiseneza, Ruth Sego, B. Bhengu","doi":"10.4314/RJMHS.V2I2.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/RJMHS.V2I2.10","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The level of burnout among nurses working in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and Emergency Department (ED) is high, which adversely affects health and work-related outcomes for both nurses and patients. Little is known about burnout among ICU and ED nurses in Rwanda. Objective: To explore the perceived effects of burnout among nurses and its management at a referral hospital in Rwanda. Methods: A qualitative study design was carried out using focus groups. A purposive sample of six ICU and six ED nurses were recruited from the referral hospital in the capital city of Kigali. The discussions were audio-recorded in Kinyarwanda, transcribed verbatim into English and analysed inductively using thematic analysis. Results: Burnout among the 12 nurses was high and the five main themes namely, high burnout, the Variability of care, Incomplete care, Erratic care and Improving situation to prevent burnout. Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that burnout is high between the ICU and ED study population and nurses need to be taken care of too. A good working environment addressing adequate staffing, specialty training, operational materials, and social activities are needed to improve unit functioning, and patient satisfaction and safety. Keywords: Burnout, nurses, Intensive Care Unit, emergency department, patient care","PeriodicalId":315881,"journal":{"name":"Rwanda Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125303440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hemodialysis care by nurses: exploration of performance factors at four nephrology units in Rwanda","authors":"M. Tuyisenge, Providence M. Umuziga, Emeline Cishahayo Umutoni, V. Dushimiyimana, M. Mwiseneza, Innocent Hakizimana, O. Adejumo, G. Chironda","doi":"10.4314/RJMHS.V2I2.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/RJMHS.V2I2.14","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Hemodialysis is the most standard method of Renal Replacement Therapy (RRT) used in Rwanda. Nephrology nursing is a new speciality, and little is known about the nurses’ work performance while caring for patients under going hemodialysis. Objective: To explore factors influencing nurse’s work performance in the care of hemodialysis patients in four nephrology units in Rwanda. Methods: A qualitative descriptive design used a purposive sampling strategy to recruit 12 registered nurses working on the hemodialysis unit. Data were collected through interviews using a semistructured guide. Data analysis used a thematic approach with six phases. Results: Two themes and eight subthemes were revealed. Facilitating factors to increase work performance included the nurses’ education and speciality training, good working environment, good interpersonal relationships among staff, and effective management and leadership. Barriers included, self-perceived knowledge and skills insufficiencies, moral distress, logistical concerns, and poor working conditions. Conclusion: The findings revealed specific facilitating factors and barriers to nurses’ work performance. Nurses at these study sites, in conjunction with faculty in the Master’s Nephrology Track at the University of Rwanda, could become change agents and begin to increase facilitating factors and decrease barriers. Continual improvement in facilitating factors is needed to keep nurses performing well. Keywords: Nephrology, hemodialysis, nurses, work performance","PeriodicalId":315881,"journal":{"name":"Rwanda Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125211969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Graduate Nursing Research","authors":"P. Meharry","doi":"10.4314/RJMHS.V2I2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/RJMHS.V2I2.2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":315881,"journal":{"name":"Rwanda Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences","volume":"217 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114852336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}