The TESOL Encyclopedia of English Language Teaching最新文献_第8页

Second Language Teacher Education and Future Directions 第二语言教师教育与未来方向

The TESOL Encyclopedia of English Language Teaching Pub Date : 2018-06-17 DOI: 10.1002/9781118784235.EELT0922

T. Farrell

{"title":"Second Language Teacher Education and Future Directions","authors":"T. Farrell","doi":"10.1002/9781118784235.EELT0922","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118784235.EELT0922","url":null,"abstract":"As a relatively new profession, language teacher education has evolved and its knowledge base has greatly expanded over the past decade. We have moved from an initial behaviorist view of teacher learning in the 1960s toward a more sociocultural approach to teacher learning today (Freeman, 2016). As Freeman (2016) suggests, the term language teacher education is “a bridge that serves to link what is known in the field with what is done in the classroom, and it does so through the individuals whom we educate as teachers” (p. 9). He goes on to say that the field includes an understanding of the “so‐called parent academic disciplines of language teaching as well as the local and national policy environments which often articulate them” (p. 9). In the past few decades, Second Language Teacher Education (SLTE) has taken on a more global perspective and the knowledge base of SLTE has greatly expanded (some may say exploded) to include such topics as teacher cognition, identity, reflection, research, narrative, self‐development, philosophy, and expertise, to name but a few. However, despite these developments in SLTE and the growing publications reporting research on SLTE, we still have significant progress to make as we continue to define our goals, conceptual frameworks, and teaching methodologies, and as we respond to the growing demand for qualified language teachers. In this entry, some of the current issues related to SLTE as well as future directions of SLTE based on current trends are outlined.","PeriodicalId":315767,"journal":{"name":"The TESOL Encyclopedia of English Language Teaching","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117259708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

English Learner Demographic Trends, Educational Responses, and Tentative Predictions 英语学习者的人口趋势、教育反应和初步预测

The TESOL Encyclopedia of English Language Teaching Pub Date : 2018-06-17 DOI: 10.1002/9781118784235.eelt0943

K. Reynolds

引用次数: 1

Developing Strategic Readers 培养策略性读者

The TESOL Encyclopedia of English Language Teaching Pub Date : 2006-11-01 DOI: 10.1002/9781118784235.EELT0490

Jennifer Jones, Susie Leahy

引用次数: 1

Instructed L3 Acquisition of English 指导L3英语习得

The TESOL Encyclopedia of English Language Teaching Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/9781118784235.eelt0957

Tanja Angelovska

引用次数: 1

English Orthography and Reading 英语正字法和阅读

The TESOL Encyclopedia of English Language Teaching Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/9781118784235.eelt0461

Ryan T. Miller

{"title":"English Orthography and Reading","authors":"Ryan T. Miller","doi":"10.1002/9781118784235.eelt0461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118784235.eelt0461","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most fundamental aspects of learning to read is understanding how printed text relates to spoken language (Perfetti, 2003). When learning to read in English, a learner must view printed letters (graphemes), decode their sounds, and combine those sounds together to form words. For example, to read the word cat, a beginning reader must understand that the grapheme c makes a [k] sound, the grapheme a makes an [æ] sound, and the grapheme t makes a [t] sound, before combining them into [kæt], a word which they already know the meaning of orally. This process of decoding graphic forms into phonological forms is a key component of word recognition, which itself is a key component of learning to read. The specific patterns of correspondences between the graphic and phonological forms are the orthography of a language. Each language has its own unique orthography. Thus, all learners who are learning to read in English, no matter their first language background, need to develop their knowledge of the orthography of English. The writing system of a language is a related concept, but is distinct from its orthography. A language’s writing system defines the linguistic unit that is represented by the graphemes of a language. There are three main types of writing systems: alphabetic, syllabic, and morphographic (Coulmas, 2003). In alphabetic languages, graphemes represent phonemes or individual sounds. English is an alphabetic language, like many other European languages such as Spanish, German, French, and Italian, but also languages such as Arabic, Hebrew, and Korean hangul. On the other hand, in a syllabic writing system (such as Japanese kana or Cherokee), each grapheme represents a syllable; for example, the sounds ba, bi, bu, be, and bo would each be represented by single graphemes. In a morphographic writing system (such as Chinese, Japanese kanji, or Korean hanja), each grapheme represents a morpheme or a unit of meaning. Within each system type, variation exists in the specific details about the correspondences between graphic symbols and language. Orthography refers to this language‐specific variation. Lastly, script refers to the specific symbols that are","PeriodicalId":315767,"journal":{"name":"The TESOL Encyclopedia of English Language Teaching","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130999661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8