Western Pacific Surveillance and Response最新文献

{"title":"Creating \"boots on the ground\": addressing the shortage of field epidemiologists in the Philippines through intermediate-level training programmes.","authors":"Rio Lat Magpantay, Ray Justin Cacho, Ventura, Mariz Zheila C Blanco, Apple Charm Agulto, Karen B Lonogan, Rosario P Pamintuan, Charmaine Madria-Barangan","doi":"10.5365/wpsar.2023.14.3.1053","DOIUrl":"10.5365/wpsar.2023.14.3.1053","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Problem: </strong>As of 2022, only 49 graduates of the Philippines' Field Epidemiology Training Programme (FETP) were employed by the Philippine Government, emphasizing the urgent need to increase the number of practicing field epidemiologists to better equip the country for public health emergencies.</p><p><strong>Context: </strong>The FETP-Intermediate Course (IC) curriculum is based mainly on the module of the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention that was incorporated into the Philippine context. It consists of five 1-2-week lecture series that provide participants with the knowledge and tools necessary to conduct job-relevant field projects. Individual projects are the centrepiece of the FETP-IC, requiring trainees to investigate outbreaks, design and develop protocols, conduct field data collection, manage data, analyse data, interpret data, write reports and deliver oral presentations.</p><p><strong>Action: </strong>To address the shortage of practicing field epidemiologists in the Philippines, a subnational initiative in Northern Luzon was implemented.</p><p><strong>Outcome: </strong>Within 3 years, the two FETP-IC subnational training programmes have produced 42 applied epidemiologists who will strengthen epidemiology and surveillance in their respective localities. As of February 2023, 92 studies have been conducted, including 39 outbreak investigations, 37 data quality analysis/process improvement projects, 10 epidemiological studies and six surveillance evaluations.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>By training and deploying skilled epidemiologists to local health offices and hospitals, the programme is helping to improve the capacity of the health system to respond to public health threats and protect the health of the population. The programme's emphasis on practical training and real-world experience is an effective way to build a strong and sustainable epidemiological workforce.</p>","PeriodicalId":31512,"journal":{"name":"Western Pacific Surveillance and Response","volume":"14 3","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10632096/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89719740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multisource surveillance conducted by the Tokyo Metropolitan Government during the Tokyo 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Games.","authors":"Yoshiyuki Sugishita, Yoshiko Somura, Nobuyuki Abe, Yasuko Murai, Yoshiaki Koike, Eriko Suzuki, Mayu Yanagibayashi, Aya Kayebeta, Atsushi Yoshida","doi":"10.5365/wpsar.2023.14.3.978","DOIUrl":"10.5365/wpsar.2023.14.3.978","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Tokyo 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Games (the Games) were held from 23 July to 5 September 2021 in Tokyo, Japan, after a 1-year delay due to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. The Tokyo Metropolitan Government was responsible for monitoring and responding to infectious disease outbreaks other than COVID-19 during the Games. A multisource surveillance system was used from 1 July to 12 September 2021 for the early detection and rapid response to infectious diseases. This included routine notifiable disease surveillance, sentinel surveillance, syndromic surveillance, cluster surveillance, ambulance transfer surveillance and the Tokyo Infectious Alert system. Daily reports were disseminated summarizing the data collected from the multisource surveillance system. No case of infectious disease under the Tokyo Metropolitan Government system required a response during the Games. The multisource surveillance was useful for providing intelligence during the Games and, if required, could contribute to the early detection and rapid response to outbreaks during other mass gatherings. The system could be improved to overcome the challenges implied by the findings of this multisource surveillance.</p>","PeriodicalId":31512,"journal":{"name":"Western Pacific Surveillance and Response","volume":"14 3","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10632092/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89719744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coronavirus disease and home recovery: a Singapore perspective.","authors":"Hwee Yong Trevor Tan, Joachim Wen Kien Yau, Matthias Paul Han Sim Toh, Shawn Vasoo, Yee Sin Leo","doi":"10.5365/wpsar.2023.14.5.1003","DOIUrl":"10.5365/wpsar.2023.14.5.1003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>At the beginning of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic in Singapore, the strategy initially involved aggressive ring-fencing of infections, before pivoting towards managing recurrent local interspersed outbreaks of COVID-19. A key feature of Singapore's efforts to preserve health-care capacity was the implementation of the nationwide Home Recovery Programme (HRP), whereby patients were allowed to recover at home as long as they met certain criteria. The programme was centrally coordinated by Singapore's Ministry of Health and was supported by telemedicine providers, primary care physicians and government agencies. This report aims to highlight Singapore's experience in coordinating and implementing the HRP, the challenges faced and the outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Published and internal data from the Ministry of Health in Singapore, along with policy documents, were reviewed together with a brief literature review of similar programmes conducted globally.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Implementation of the HRP led to the majority of patients (98%) recovering from COVID-19 in the outpatient setting, with similar mortality rates to inpatient settings. Hospitalization rates for COVID-19 cases were reduced as compared to previously, alleviating strain on the health-care system.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The HRP was largely successful at preventing health-care capacities from being overwhelmed, while keeping fatalities to a minimum. Nonetheless, the risks of emergent variants of concern remain present, and heightened vigilance and potential modification of existing protocols based on fluctuations in virulence and infectivity are still needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":31512,"journal":{"name":"Western Pacific Surveillance and Response","volume":"14 5 Spec Edition","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10632601/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134650011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Descriptive analysis of a SARS-CoV-2 outbreak among health-care workers in a regional hospital in the Philippines.","authors":"Lily Anne N Safilo, Ray Justin C Ventura, Mariz Zheila C Blanco, Karen B Lonogan, Rosario P Pamintuan, Rio L Magpantay","doi":"10.5365/wpsar.2023.14.3.1050","DOIUrl":"10.5365/wpsar.2023.14.3.1050","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>On 25 July 2022, trainees from the Field Epidemiology Training Programme in Northern Luzon, Philippines were sent to conduct an epidemiological investigation of six confirmed cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) among staff of a regional hospital in Mountain Province. The investigation had three objectives: to profile the cases, identify the source and mode of transmission, and recommend prevention and control measures.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Descriptive epidemiology was used to investigate the outbreak, with the standard case definition issued by the Philippine Department of Health.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 167 hospital personnel and interns tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection between 6 July and 31 August 2022, with a peak in the number of cases on 20 July. Among the cases, 57 (34%) had a history of travel, with 41 (25%) having travelled to Boracay island to attend team-building activities. Most cases were asymptomatic, and the most affected group was those aged 30-34 years. The highest number of cases occurred among nurses. It was discovered that the team-building activities on Boracay did not strictly adhere to safety protocols.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This outbreak suggests that transmission of SARS-CoV-2 among health-care workers can occur through contact with other staff members outside of the hospital setting and highlights the importance of strict adherence to safety protocols to prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2.</p>","PeriodicalId":31512,"journal":{"name":"Western Pacific Surveillance and Response","volume":"14 3","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10632097/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89719741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishing a national indicator-based surveillance system for hospital bed utilization by COVID-19 patients in the Philippines.","authors":"Bienvenido S Cabaro, Gabrielle Ann T Dela Paz, Jeffrey B Dotingco, Bernadette Joy Q Almirol, Gabriel R Borlongan, Reena Ophelia D Cebreros, Patrick B Diangco, Kenneth Pierre B Quijalvo, Joanne Pauline U Tan, Ramon Rafael D Tonato","doi":"10.5365/wpsar.2023.14.5.1038","DOIUrl":"10.5365/wpsar.2023.14.5.1038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In March 2020, the Philippine Department of Health (DOH) designed and rapidly implemented a national surveillance system for the utilization of hospital beds by patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) to produce complete and timely data for use by various levels of governance in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The DOH launched the DOH DataCollect (DDC) Bed Tracker system, a web-based application that collects information from all 1906 public and private hospitals and infirmaries across the country using a modular data collection tool. Data on the maximum number of occupied COVID-19-designated beds (<i>n</i> = 28 261), hospital bed utilization rate (71.7%), and mechanical ventilator number (<i>n</i> = 1846) and utilization rate (58.5%) were recorded in September 2021 during the Delta surge of cases in the Philippines. Data on human resources, personal protective equipment and supplies, and other operational indicators were added to the system during various modifications. Information from the DDC was used to inform the COVID-19 response and operations at national and local levels and facilitated research at academic and nongovernmental agencies. The development of the DDC system demonstrates that an effective surveillance system for use by all health-care facilities is achievable through strong national leadership, the use of available technology and adaptive information systems, and the establishment of networks across different health facilities and stakeholders.</p>","PeriodicalId":31512,"journal":{"name":"Western Pacific Surveillance and Response","volume":"14 5 Spec Edition","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10634542/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134650012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Ho Chi Minh City adapted its care pathway to manage the first large-scale community transmission of COVID-19.","authors":"Luong Ngoc Khue, Nguyen Trong Khoa, Vuong Anh Duong, Do Thi Hong Hien, Satoko Otsu, Phung Kim Quang, Dereje Abera Ayana, Saho Takaya, Howard L Sobel, Vu Quang Hieu","doi":"10.5365/wpsar.2023.14.5.1045","DOIUrl":"10.5365/wpsar.2023.14.5.1045","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":31512,"journal":{"name":"Western Pacific Surveillance and Response","volume":"14 5 Spec Edition","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10632600/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134650013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance profile of invasive non-typhoidal <i>Salmonella</i> from the Philippines Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Program, 2014-2018.","authors":"Sonia B Sia, Ferissa B Ablola, Marietta L Lagrada, Agnettah M Olorosa, June M Gayeta, Marilyn T Limas, Manuel C Jamoralin, Polle Krystle V Macaranas, Holly Grace O Espiritu, June Janice B Borlasa, Emmanuel Alfred S Villamin, Ma Cecilia G Alea, Janine Elizabeth V Guia","doi":"10.5365/wpsar.2023.14.1030","DOIUrl":"10.5365/wpsar.2023.14.1030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The epidemiology of invasive non-typhoidal <i>Salmonella</i> (iNTS) in the Philippines is not well elaborated. The present study describes the serotype distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of iNTS in the Philippines from 2014 to 2018.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Invasive NTS isolates were collected through the Department of Health's Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Program (ARSP). The identification of the isolates was confirmed using automated (Vitek®, bioMérieux, Marcy l'Étoile, France) and conventional methods. The isolates were serotyped using the slide agglutination method, and susceptibility testing was performed using Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. Demographic data were collected from the ARSP database.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 138 isolates collected from human invasive specimens with 97.8% from blood samples. The most common serotypes were <i>Salmonella</i> Enteritidis (<i>n</i> = 84, 60.9%) and <i>Salmonella</i> Typhimurium (<i>n</i> = 18, 13.0%). Most of the isolates were from males (<i>n</i> = 88, 63.8%) and from the 0-5-year age group (<i>n</i> = 61, 44.2%). The proportions of iNTS isolates resistant to first-line antibiotics were as follows: ampicillin (23.2%), chloramphenicol (9.6%), ciprofloxacin (8.7%), ceftriaxone (2.2%) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (8.8%). The proportion of isolates with multidrug resistance was 13.0% (18/138) with the most common resistance profile being resistance to ampicillin-chloramphenicol-ciprofloxacin from <i>Salmonella</i> Enteritidis isolates (<i>n</i> = 5).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Resistance to first-line antibiotics limits the therapeutic choices for <i>Salmonella</i> infection. Relevant local antimicrobial resistance data on iNTS may support appropriate empiric therapy among vulnerable populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":31512,"journal":{"name":"Western Pacific Surveillance and Response","volume":"14 3","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10632095/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89719742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Financing for tuberculosis prevention, diagnosis and treatment services in the Western Pacific Region in 2005-2020.","authors":"Fukushi Morishita, Hend Elsayed, Tauhid Islam, Kalpeshsinh Rahevar, Kyung Hyun Oh, Manami Yanagawa, Katherine Floyd, Inés Garcia Baena","doi":"10.5365/wpsar.2023.14.3.976","DOIUrl":"10.5365/wpsar.2023.14.3.976","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This paper provides an overview of financing for tuberculosis (TB) prevention, diagnostic and treatment services in the World Health Organization (WHO) Western Pacific Region during 2005-2020.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This analysis uses the WHO global TB finance database to describe TB funding during 2005-2020 in 18 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) in the Western Pacific Region, with additional country-level data and analysis for seven priority countries: Cambodia, China, the Lao People's Democratic Republic, Mongolia, Papua New Guinea, the Philippines and Viet Nam.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Funding for the provision of TB prevention, diagnostic and treatment services in the 18 LMICs tripled fromUS$ 358 million in 2005 to US$ 1061 million in 2020, driven largely by increases in domestic funding, which rose from US$ 325 million to US$ 939 million over the same period. In the seven priority countries, TB investments also tripled, from US$ 340 million in 2005 to US$ 1020 million in 2020. China alone accounted for much of this growth, increasing its financing for TB programmes and services fivefold, from US$ 160 million to US$ 784 million. The latest country forecasts estimate that US$ 3.8 billion will be required to fight TB in the seven priority countries by 2025, which means that unless additional funding is mobilized, the funding gap will increase from US$ 326 million in 2020 to US$ 830 million by 2025.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Increases in domestic funding over the past 15 years reflect a firm political commitment to ending TB. However, current funding levels do not meet the required needs to finance the national TB strategic plans in the priority countries. An urgent step-up of public financing efforts is required to reduce the burden of TB in the Western Pacific Region.</p>","PeriodicalId":31512,"journal":{"name":"Western Pacific Surveillance and Response","volume":"14 3","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10632603/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89719743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 and <i>Mycobacterium</i> coinfection in Brunei Darussalam: case series.","authors":"Babu Ivan Mani, Panduru Venkata Kishore, Wai Yan Khine, Dilip Joseph Thottacherry, Pui Lin Chong, Muhamad Syafiq Abdullah, Rosmonaliza Asli, Natalie Raimiza Momin, Noor Affizan Rahman, Chee Fui Chong, Vui Heng Chong","doi":"10.5365/wpsar.2023.14.3.1011","DOIUrl":"10.5365/wpsar.2023.14.3.1011","url":null,"abstract":"Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and tuberculosis (TB) coinfection is expected to become more common in countries where TB is endemic, and coinfection has been reported to be associated with less favourable outcomes. Knowing about the manifestations and outcomes of coinfection is important as COVID-19 becomes endemic. During the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brunei Darussalam, we encountered seven patients with COVID-19 and Mycobacterium coinfection. Cases of coinfection included three patients with newly diagnosed pulmonary Mycobacterium infection (two cases of pulmonary TB [PTB] and one case of Mycobacterium fortuitum infection) and four patients who were already being treated for TB (three cases of PTB and one case of TB lymphadenitis). Among the new cases, one had previously tested negative for PTB during a pre-employment medical fitness evaluation and had defaulted from follow up and evaluation. One case died: a 42-year-old man with diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease and hypertension who had severe COVID-19 and needed urgent dialysis and supplemental oxygen. All other patients recovered from COVID-19 and completed their TB treatment.","PeriodicalId":31512,"journal":{"name":"Western Pacific Surveillance and Response","volume":"14 3","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10632094/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89719739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Communicating health and science to the public: a role for scientists and academic researchers.","authors":"Jocelyne Marie Basseal, Mary-Louise McLaws, Sophie Scott, Sharon Salmon","doi":"10.5365/wpsar.2023.14.3.1079","DOIUrl":"10.5365/wpsar.2023.14.3.1079","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":31512,"journal":{"name":"Western Pacific Surveillance and Response","volume":"14 3","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10630702/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72015633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}