Niko Räsänen, P. Mäkelä, M. Lindgren, Olli Pekkala
{"title":"Venturi Scrubber Development and Implementation to Industry Scale","authors":"Niko Räsänen, P. Mäkelä, M. Lindgren, Olli Pekkala","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3926057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3926057","url":null,"abstract":"Emission limits are tightening globally. This affects also smelting industry and more efficient gas cleaning solutions are needed for ferroalloys production in submerged arc furnaces (SAF). In SAF’s, gas cleaning is commonly conducted with wet scrubbers, such as Venturi Scrubber. Advantages of venturi scrubbers are safety and robustness. However, meeting current emission limits with conventional wet scrubbers is challenging. Therefore, a development program was launched for improving the performance and gas cleaning efficiency of Venturi Scrubbers. In the development program, the effect of an additional cleaning stage (auxiliary venturi) and droplet separation on the scrubber performance was studied with Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) studies and pilot-scale test scrubbers. Test results indicated that the auxiliary venturi increased dust removal efficiency and enhanced pressure generation. Furthermore, the effective droplet separation turned out to be a key factor to the effective gas cleaning. Results and findings from the development work and the pilot-scale tests were implemented and validated in the industry scale. Operational experiences and emission measurements, from industry, indicated that enhanced performance and lower emissions were achieved with the improved scrubber design. Future challenges like decreasing gas handling water consumption, energy recovery and handling SOx, NOx and other harmful emissions will be discussed also.","PeriodicalId":313725,"journal":{"name":"INFACON XVI 2021: Emissions & Reduced CO2","volume":"97 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129751707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Hamuyuni, H. Johto, Timo Haimi, A. Bunjaku, P. Mäkelä, L. Närhi, M. Lindgren
{"title":"Evaluating the carbon footprint of ferrochrome production technologies using HSC-SIM and OpenLCA software packages","authors":"J. Hamuyuni, H. Johto, Timo Haimi, A. Bunjaku, P. Mäkelä, L. Närhi, M. Lindgren","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3926045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3926045","url":null,"abstract":"Reducing the carbon footprint of metals production processes is currently one of the top priorities to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions globally. Especially in ferroalloy production where the carbon footprint (through CO2 emissions) is enormous. To reduce GHG emissions, understanding of the CO2 contribution of process steps and entire production chain for different technologies is imperative. This research compares the CO2 emission of two leading technologies and makes recommendations for the most important steps in reduction of GHG emissions. In the research, a simulation-based life cycle assessment methodology has been used to systematically quantify emissions of each technology. The simulations have been constructed using HSC Sim (v10.0), linked to OpenLCA software.","PeriodicalId":313725,"journal":{"name":"INFACON XVI 2021: Emissions & Reduced CO2","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131649973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Andersen, H. Knuutila, L. Braakhuis, Edin Myrhaug, K. Einarsrud, G. Tranell
{"title":"Co2 Capture for the Silicon Process-Effects of Flue Gas Recirculation","authors":"V. Andersen, H. Knuutila, L. Braakhuis, Edin Myrhaug, K. Einarsrud, G. Tranell","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3926089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3926089","url":null,"abstract":"Flue gas recirculation has been proposed as a potential process improvement for the silicon and ferrosilicon process. In this paper, flue gas flows and concentration from a 100 MW silicon production operation has been calculated for 0, 25, 50, 62.5 and 75 % flue gas recirculation. Using these flue gas flows as inputs in a carbon capture model shows that specific reboiler duty can be reduced from 3,55 GJ/mtCO2 to 2,85 GJ/mtCO2 by implementing 75 % flue gas recirculation. Cost estimation of the absorber, heat exchanger and blowers indicate a potential 13,3 M$ (62 %) cost reduction between 0 and 75 % FGR.","PeriodicalId":313725,"journal":{"name":"INFACON XVI 2021: Emissions & Reduced CO2","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130448940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}