Maximilian Steiner, Karim S. Osman, C. Waldschmidt
{"title":"Cooperative Target Detection in a Network of Single-Channel Radar Sensors","authors":"Maximilian Steiner, Karim S. Osman, C. Waldschmidt","doi":"10.23919/GEMIC.2019.8698131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/GEMIC.2019.8698131","url":null,"abstract":"In automotive sensor networks the spatial distribution of the radar sensors allows to unveil additional information about the target objects. For example, the different angles to a target provide an increased robustness, and the wide sensor distances allow for a single snapshot motion estimation. This is even possible with single-channel radar sensors, but the reliability of the output highly depends on the condition that single scattering points are jointly detected. This paper presents an algorithm which associates single detections of a target over multiple sensors by utilizing the ego-motion of the vehicle. Further, it is shown how all target detections can be assessed and how reliable detections can be identified to improve subsequent processing steps like target localization. The proposed processing is validated by radar measurements at 77 GHz.","PeriodicalId":312331,"journal":{"name":"2019 12th German Microwave Conference (GeMiC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122662195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ralf Burr, Markus Schartel, W. Mayer, T. Walter, C. Waldschmidt
{"title":"A broadband UAV-Based FMCW GPR and the Influence of Vegetation","authors":"Ralf Burr, Markus Schartel, W. Mayer, T. Walter, C. Waldschmidt","doi":"10.23919/GEMIC.2019.8698145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/GEMIC.2019.8698145","url":null,"abstract":"Ground penetrating radar (GPR) is one of the tools supporting mine detection. In this contribution a wide-band frequency-modulated-continuous wave (FMCW) GPR operating in the frequency band from 0.6 GHz to 4.6 GHz in a bistatic configuration is presented. The frequency synthesis is realized using a broadband voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) in a higher frequency band and mixed down to the desired frequency band. The radar including antennas is integrated on a unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). In measurements the effect of vegetation and the frequency dependence is investigated.","PeriodicalId":312331,"journal":{"name":"2019 12th German Microwave Conference (GeMiC)","volume":"14 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114126175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fabian Roos, Philipp Hügler, Lizette Lorraine Tovar Torres, Christina Knill, J. Schlichenmaier, C. Vasanelli, N. Appenrodt, J. Dickmann, C. Waldschmidt
{"title":"Compressed Sensing based Single Snapshot DoA Estimation for Sparse MIMO Radar Arrays","authors":"Fabian Roos, Philipp Hügler, Lizette Lorraine Tovar Torres, Christina Knill, J. Schlichenmaier, C. Vasanelli, N. Appenrodt, J. Dickmann, C. Waldschmidt","doi":"10.23919/GEMIC.2019.8698136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/GEMIC.2019.8698136","url":null,"abstract":"The angular resolution of a radar system can be enhanced with an increasing antenna aperture. Instead of using more antenna elements, the distances in the aperture can be increased with a sparse array. To mitigate the high side lobes originating from the sparse array, the missing antenna elements can be reconstructed by means of compressed sensing. In this paper a sparse antenna array with a low side lobe level is determined with a genetic algorithm and a cost function. An investigation is performed what difference in the radar cross section of two targets in the same range-Doppler cell can be achieved. Additionally, instead of considering point targets only, a target vehicle is measured with a 77 GHz MIMO radar.","PeriodicalId":312331,"journal":{"name":"2019 12th German Microwave Conference (GeMiC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133841895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiaozhou Wang, M. Laabs, D. Plettermeier, K. Kosaka, Y. Matsunaga
{"title":"MIMO Antenna Array System with Integrated 16x16 Butler Matrix and Power Amplifiers for 28GHz Wireless Communication","authors":"Xiaozhou Wang, M. Laabs, D. Plettermeier, K. Kosaka, Y. Matsunaga","doi":"10.23919/GEMIC.2019.8698194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/GEMIC.2019.8698194","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes, for the first time, a MIMO antenna array system composing of 1x16 Quasi-Yagi antenna array, 16x16 high-dimension Butler matrix and power amplifiers for the 5G wireless communication system operating at 28GHz. Due to the integration of the power amplifiers between the radiation elements (1x16 Quasi-Yagi antenna array) and the beamforming network (16x16 Butler Matrix), 18dB additional power gain has been experimentally achieved at 28GHz. The influences from integration of power amplifiers that could occur the phase and amplitude deviation errors at the inputs of the antenna array are investigated by evaluation of the measured radiation patterns. A flexible system of PCBs is implemented to characterize the performance of power amplifiers in the MIMO antenna array system. Furthermore, the interconnections between the PCBs by bonding wires is discussed based on the simulated and measured results.","PeriodicalId":312331,"journal":{"name":"2019 12th German Microwave Conference (GeMiC)","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124545152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Low-cost Transmitarray Antenna Designs with ±70° Beam Steering Range in V-Band","authors":"M. Frank, F. Lurz, R. Weigel, A. Koelpin","doi":"10.23919/GEMIC.2019.8698118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/GEMIC.2019.8698118","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the design and characterization of linearly polarized low-cost transmitarray antennas with ±70° beamforming range in V-band. The antennas are composed of 13 × 13 planar unit-cells. The unit-cells consist of two layers RO4350B laminate. The unit-cells provide a one bit phase resolution. The desired unit-cell behavior has been validated by simulations and measurements. Eight transmitarrays with different phase distributions have been designed and fabricated to realize different beam steering angles. The experimental characterization of the radiation patterns shows the desired performance in the frequency range from 59 GHz to 63GHz. The designed transmitarray antennas add the beam steering feature to an existing radar frontend.","PeriodicalId":312331,"journal":{"name":"2019 12th German Microwave Conference (GeMiC)","volume":"237 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129890766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Schoch, A. Tessmann, A. Leuther, S. Wagner, I. Kallfass
{"title":"260 GHz Broadband Power Amplifier MMIC","authors":"B. Schoch, A. Tessmann, A. Leuther, S. Wagner, I. Kallfass","doi":"10.23919/GEMIC.2019.8698140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/GEMIC.2019.8698140","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a broadband H-Band (220 -325 GHz) power amplifier in a 35nm InGaAs-based metamorphic high electron mobility transistor technology. The amplifier is realized as a submillimeter-wave monolithic integrated circuit and is designed to drive a high power amplifier in a multi-gigabit communication system or to be implemented in a wideband millimeter-wave radar to detect imperfections in materials. A five-stage amplifier S-MMIC based on common-source gain cells was realized and measured on-wafer with a maximum gain of 14.7dB at 245 GHz. The 3-dB-bandwidth is from 238 to 292 GHz with a gain variation of around 2dB. The amplifier has four parallel transistors in the last two stages and provides up to 4 dBm of output power, under 1dB gain compression. A saturated output power of 6.7 dBm at 280GHz could be measured.","PeriodicalId":312331,"journal":{"name":"2019 12th German Microwave Conference (GeMiC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123219984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Multi-Beam Direction- and Polarization-Agile mm-Wave Front-End for 5G Communications","authors":"Steffen Spira, R. Thomä, M. Hein","doi":"10.23919/GEMIC.2019.8698147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/GEMIC.2019.8698147","url":null,"abstract":"A millimeter wave multi-beam direction- and polarization-agile front-end for 5th generation of wireless communications at 30 GHz is presented. Active voltage summing was used for the lossless electronic rotation of polarization, thus enhancing the envisaged flexibility of 5G air interfaces. The front-end core comprises a low-temperature co-fired ceramic multilayer module, hybrid-integrated monolithic microwave integrated circuits, and an incorporated dual-polarized 4-element array antenna, altogether at a compact size of 74 mm × 74 mm. Antenna feed phases and polarization angles and states are electronically programmable. The front-end, completed by control circuit boards and a heatsink, exhibits an over-the-air gain of 50 dB and a noise figure of 4.1 dB. Measurement results comprising the polarization control and beamformer blocks are presented.","PeriodicalId":312331,"journal":{"name":"2019 12th German Microwave Conference (GeMiC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129813274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Extraction of Scattering Centers Using a 77 GHz FMCW Radar","authors":"S. Abadpour, A. Diewald, M. Pauli, T. Zwick","doi":"10.23919/GEMIC.2019.8698144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/GEMIC.2019.8698144","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates monostatic RCS measurement results of a typical car as a complex object using an FMCW automotive radar to determine the backscattering behavior of the target. The backscattering behavior can be modeled by identifying the scattering centers of the target. In a subsequent step, the extracted scattering centers can be used for the simulation of the millimeter wave automotive radar channel in realistic scenarios. These scenarios can be simulated by a comprehensive system simulation environment according to asymptotic ray-based methods. The used ray-tracing tool showed a good estimation of communication channels, however for radar channels, that relies primarily on backscattering effects, its accuracy is strongly dependent on the scattering behavior of the targets. The integration of highly resolved CAD models into the ray-tracing software results in a high computational effort. In many cases, the exact CAD model of a car or other traffic participants is not even available. So, one solution for minimizing the computational effort is to determine the scattering centers of complex objects and to identify the most significant ones. Based on these relevant scattering centers a simplified model can be created. For this purpose, some measurement campaigns have been performed in a realistic stationary environment to investigate the spatially resolved scattering behavior of a car.","PeriodicalId":312331,"journal":{"name":"2019 12th German Microwave Conference (GeMiC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131330877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Design and Optimization of Mixers Using Load-Pull Analysis of Higher Order Intermodulation Products","authors":"L. Manoliu, C. Grötsch, I. Kallfass","doi":"10.23919/GEMIC.2019.8698173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/GEMIC.2019.8698173","url":null,"abstract":"This work proposes an innovative approach to improve the design of frequency-converting circuits. The novelty is the determination of the precise optimal impedance at each harmonic and inter-modulation frequency that will improve the performance of the mixer cell. The method takes into account the effect of the load impedances at inter-modulation frequencies on the conversion gain of the circuit. The proposed method can be applied to the optimization of any figure of merit. The optimal performance is found by varying load impedances, along with frequency, separately controlled using an ideal filter network at one or several mixer ports. The proposed load-pull analysis is applied to the optimization of a resistive mixer as a millimeter-wave monolithic integrated circuit, having a local oscillator frequency of 300 GHz and radio frequency bandwidth of 88 GHz. It is shown that by filtering the harmonics and presenting specific impedances, the conversion gain increases by more than 2.5 dB, while the radio frequency 3 dB-bandwidth has doubled. With the help of this analysis, the output matching network can be optimized.","PeriodicalId":312331,"journal":{"name":"2019 12th German Microwave Conference (GeMiC)","volume":"151 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123151678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nicola Gollin, M. Martone, Michelangelo Villano, P. Rizzoli, G. Krieger
{"title":"Predictive Quantization for Staggered Synthetic Aperture Radar","authors":"Nicola Gollin, M. Martone, Michelangelo Villano, P. Rizzoli, G. Krieger","doi":"10.23919/GEMIC.2019.8698197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/GEMIC.2019.8698197","url":null,"abstract":"For upcoming spaceborne SAR mission the amount of data collected onboard is increasing, due to the employment of large bandwidths, multiple polarizations, and large swath widths, which lead to hard requirements in terms of onboard memory and downlink capacity. In this context, SAR raw data quantization represents an essential aspect, since it affects both the amount of data to be stored and transmitted to the ground and the quality of the resulting SAR products. In this paper, a data reduction approach based on predictive quantization is investigated in the context of Tandem-L, a DLR proposal for a highly innovative bistatic L-band radar satellite mission, aimed at monitoring the dynamic processes of the Earth. The proposed technique takes advantage of the time-variant autocorrelation properties of the non-uniform azimuth raw data stream in order to reduce the amount of data through a novel quantization method, named Predictive-Block Adaptive Quantization. Different prediction orders are investigated by considering the trade-off between achievable performance and complexity. Simulations for different target scenarios show that a data reduction of about 17.5% can be achieved with the proposed technique with a modest increase of the system complexity. Moreover, having a priori information on the gap positions in staggered SAR, a technique for their reconstruction based on dynamic bit allocation has been successfully implemented as well, showing no significant loss of information.","PeriodicalId":312331,"journal":{"name":"2019 12th German Microwave Conference (GeMiC)","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133455616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}