Harvard Business School: Technology & Operations Management Unit Working Paper Series最新文献

Virtual Watercoolers: A Field Experiment on Virtual Synchronous Interactions and Performance of Organizational Newcomers 虚拟水冷器:组织新人虚拟同步互动与绩效的现场实验

Harvard Business School: Technology & Operations Management Unit Working Paper Series Pub Date : 2021-05-28 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3855788

Iavor Bojinov, P. Choudhury, Jacqueline N. Lane

{"title":"Virtual Watercoolers: A Field Experiment on Virtual Synchronous Interactions and Performance of Organizational Newcomers","authors":"Iavor Bojinov, P. Choudhury, Jacqueline N. Lane","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3855788","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3855788","url":null,"abstract":"Do virtual, yet informal and synchronous, interactions affect individual performance outcomes of organizational newcomers? We report results from a randomized field experiment conducted at a large global organization that estimates the performance effects of “virtual water coolers” for remote interns participating in the firm’s flagship summer internship program. Findings indicate that interns who had randomized opportunities to interact synchronously and informally with senior managers were significantly more likely to receive offers for full-time employment, achieved higher weekly performance ratings, and had more positive attitudes toward their remote internships. Further, we observed stronger results when the interns and senior managers were demographically similar. Secondary results also hint at a possible abductive explanation of the performance effects: virtual watercoolers between interns and senior managers may have facilitated knowledge and advice sharing. This study demonstrates that hosting brief virtual water cooler sessions with senior managers might have job and career benefits for organizational newcomers working in remote workplaces, an insight with immediate managerial relevance.","PeriodicalId":311223,"journal":{"name":"Harvard Business School: Technology & Operations Management Unit Working Paper Series","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130254671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Machine Learning for Pattern Discovery in Management Research 管理研究中模式发现的机器学习

Harvard Business School: Technology & Operations Management Unit Working Paper Series Pub Date : 2020-06-23 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3518780

P. Choudhury, Ryan T. Allen, Michael G. Endres

引用次数: 53

Estimating Causal Effects in the Presence of Partial Interference Using Multivariate Bayesian Structural Time Series Models 利用多元贝叶斯结构时间序列模型估计部分干扰存在下的因果效应

Harvard Business School: Technology & Operations Management Unit Working Paper Series Pub Date : 2020-06-22 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3707723

Fiammetta Menchetti, Iavor Bojinov

{"title":"Estimating Causal Effects in the Presence of Partial Interference Using Multivariate Bayesian Structural Time Series Models","authors":"Fiammetta Menchetti, Iavor Bojinov","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3707723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3707723","url":null,"abstract":"Researchers regularly use synthetic control methods for estimating causal effects when a sub-set of units receive a single persistent treatment, and the rest are unaffected by the change. In many applications, however, units not assigned to treatment are nevertheless impacted by the intervention because of cross-unit interactions. This paper extends the synthetic control methods to accommodate partial interference, allowing interactions within predefined groups, but not between them. Focusing on a class of causal estimands that capture the effect both on the treated and control units, we develop a multivariate Bayesian structural time series model for generating synthetic controls that would have occurred in the absence of an intervention enabling us to estimate our novel effects. In a simulation study, we explore our Bayesian procedure’s empirical properties and show that it achieves good frequentists coverage even when the model is misspecified. Our work is motivated by an analysis of a marketing campaign’s effectiveness by an Italian supermarket chain that permanently reduced the price of hundreds of store-brand products. We use our new methodology to make causal statements about the impact on sales of the affected store-brands and their direct competitors. Our proposed approach is implemented in the CausalMBSTS R package.","PeriodicalId":311223,"journal":{"name":"Harvard Business School: Technology & Operations Management Unit Working Paper Series","volume":"105 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133948260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Mitigating the Negative Effects of Customer Anxiety through Access to Human Contact 通过人际接触减轻顾客焦虑的负面影响

Harvard Business School: Technology & Operations Management Unit Working Paper Series Pub Date : 2019-02-11 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3328971

Michelle A. Shell, Ryan W. Buell

{"title":"Mitigating the Negative Effects of Customer Anxiety through Access to Human Contact","authors":"Michelle A. Shell, Ryan W. Buell","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3328971","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3328971","url":null,"abstract":"It is a well-established result in social psychology that when people feel anxious, they seek advice from others. However, increasingly companies that operate in high-anxiety settings (like financial services, health care, and education) are deploying self-service technologies (SSTs), through which anxious customers transact without human contact. The impact of customer anxiety on service relationships is neither well understood, nor consistently factored into service design. In this paper, two laboratory experiments and one field experiment, conducted in financial service contexts, document the negative effects of anxiety on customer choice satisfaction, firm trust, and long-term engagement, and explore the impact of giving self-service consumers the option to interact with a person. Participants engaged in an online investing simulation who are made to feel anxious due to market downturns are less satisfied with their choices and report lower levels of trust in the firm. Providing participants with the opportunity to interact with an expert, or even another participant, dampens anxiety’s negative effects on choice satisfaction and, by extension, firm trust. Interestingly, we find that very few participants who are offered the option to interact with a person take advantage of the opportunity, which is consistent with the idea that it is the mere availability of human contact that mitigates anxiety’s deleterious effects. Finally, in a field experiment conducted with a credit union’s self-service term loan approval process, the incorporation of access to human contact increased customer loan acceptance by 16%, suggesting that access to human contact can improve long-term service engagement.","PeriodicalId":311223,"journal":{"name":"Harvard Business School: Technology & Operations Management Unit Working Paper Series","volume":"118 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133146660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 13

Marketplace Scalability and Strategic Use of Platform Investment 市场可扩展性和平台投资的战略性使用

Harvard Business School: Technology & Operations Management Unit Working Paper Series Pub Date : 2018-12-20 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3310484

Jin Li, G. Pisano, Yejia Xu, Feng Zhu

引用次数: 3

Discretionary Task Ordering: Queue Management in Radiological Services 随机任务排序:放射服务中的队列管理

Harvard Business School: Technology & Operations Management Unit Working Paper Series Pub Date : 2017-03-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2677200

M. Ibanez, Jonathan R. Clark, Robert S. Huckman, B. Staats

{"title":"Discretionary Task Ordering: Queue Management in Radiological Services","authors":"M. Ibanez, Jonathan R. Clark, Robert S. Huckman, B. Staats","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2677200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2677200","url":null,"abstract":"Work scheduling research typically prescribes task sequences implemented by managers. Yet employees often have discretion to deviate from their prescribed sequence. Using data from 2.4 million radiological diagnoses, we find that doctors prioritize similar tasks (batching) and those tasks they expect to complete faster (shortest expected processing time). Moreover, they exercise more discretion as they accumulate experience. Exploiting random assignment of tasks to doctors' queues, instrumental variable models reveal that these deviations erode productivity. This productivity decline lessens as doctors learn from experience. Prioritizing the shortest tasks is particularly detrimental to productivity. Actively grouping similar tasks also reduces productivity, in stark contrast to productivity gains from exogenous grouping, indicating deviation costs outweigh benefits from repetition. By analyzing task completion times, our work highlights the tradeoffs between the time required to exercise discretion and the potential gains from doing so, which has implications for how discretion over scheduling should be delegated.","PeriodicalId":311223,"journal":{"name":"Harvard Business School: Technology & Operations Management Unit Working Paper Series","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128425778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 115

A Normative Theory of Dynamic Capabilities: Connecting Strategy, Know-How, and Competition 动态能力的规范理论:连接战略、专有技术与竞争

Harvard Business School: Technology & Operations Management Unit Working Paper Series Pub Date : 2015-09-29 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2667018

G. Pisano

{"title":"A Normative Theory of Dynamic Capabilities: Connecting Strategy, Know-How, and Competition","authors":"G. Pisano","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2667018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2667018","url":null,"abstract":"The field of strategy has mounted an enormous effort to understand, define, predict, and measure how organizational capabilities shape competitive advantage. While the notion that capabilities influence strategy dates back to the work of Andrews (1971), attempts to formalize a “capabilities based” approach to strategy only began to take shape in the past twenty years. In particular, the publication of Teece and Pisano (1994) and Teece, Pisano, and Shuen (1997) work on “dynamic capabilities” triggered a flood of debate and discussion on the topic. Because strategy is a normative field, its theories must be evaluated in terms of how well they inform and impact practice. Judging by this standard, the dynamic research capabilities research program has come up short. It has become mired in endless debates about definitions and has engaged obsessively in an elusive search for properties that make organizations adaptable. In this paper, I argue that the research program on dynamic capabilities needs to be reset around the fundamental strategic problem facing firms: how to identify and select capabilities that lead to competitive advantage. I frame the firm’s capability strategy problem as one of choosing among different types of capability enhancing investments, ranging from general-purpose know-how to application-specific know-how. The framework also draws a distinction between investments designed to deepen the firm’s existing base of capabilities and those designed to broaden its repertoire into new realms. I explore the applicability of this framework to three general types of competitive circumstances: stable product market competition, Schumpeterian entry, and Penrosian dynamics. A major goal of the paper is to identify important gaps in our theoretical and empirical knowledge that should be a focus for future scholarly research.","PeriodicalId":311223,"journal":{"name":"Harvard Business School: Technology & Operations Management Unit Working Paper Series","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124675318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 64

Turning Waste into By-Product 将废物转化为副产品

Harvard Business School: Technology & Operations Management Unit Working Paper Series Pub Date : 2011-07-29 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1337751

Deishin Lee

{"title":"Turning Waste into By-Product","authors":"Deishin Lee","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1337751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1337751","url":null,"abstract":"This paper studies how a firm can create and capture value by converting a waste stream into a useful and saleable by-product (i.e., implementing by-product synergy (BPS)). We show that BPS creates an operational synergy between two products that are jointly produced. In essence, BPS is a process innovation that reduces the marginal cost of the original product and/or the by-product. The firm creates value through this process innovation and can capture this value by capturing newly created market opportunities, taking market share from competitors, or licensing the innovation to its competitors. We determine the optimal operating and licensing strategies for the firm and find market conditions under which the firm would benefit most from implementing BPS. We show that the optimal operating and licensing strategies are driven by the size of the cost reduction enabled by the BPS process innovation. We also show that leveraging the synergies between the original product and by-product can lead to counterintuitive profit-maximizing operating strategies such as increasing the amount of waste generated, and strategically increasing the quantity of original product above the business as usual production volume. We present a framework for assessing the environmental impact of BPS that incorporates the impact of the optimal operating and licensing strategies.","PeriodicalId":311223,"journal":{"name":"Harvard Business School: Technology & Operations Management Unit Working Paper Series","volume":"99 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134102044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 60

Exploring the Duality between Product and Organizational Architectures: A Test of the Mirroring Hypothesis 探索产品和组织架构之间的二元性:镜像假设的检验

Harvard Business School: Technology & Operations Management Unit Working Paper Series Pub Date : 2011-01-25 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1104745

Alan MacCormack, J. Rusnak, Carliss Y. Baldwin

引用次数: 306

Institutional Pressures and Organizational Characteristics: Implications for Environmental Strategy 制度压力和组织特征:对环境战略的启示

Harvard Business School: Technology & Operations Management Unit Working Paper Series Pub Date : 2010-11-18 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1711785

M. Delmas, M. Toffel

{"title":"Institutional Pressures and Organizational Characteristics: Implications for Environmental Strategy","authors":"M. Delmas, M. Toffel","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1711785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1711785","url":null,"abstract":"A broad literature has emerged over the past decades demonstrating that firms' environmental strategies and practices are influenced by stakeholders and institutional pressures. Such findings are consistent with institutional sociology, which emphasizes the importance of regulatory, normative and cognitive factors in shaping firms' decisions to adopt specific organizational practices, above and beyond their technical efficiency. Similarly, institutional theory emphasizes legitimation processes and the tendency for institutionalized organizational structures and procedures to be taken for granted, regardless of their efficiency implications. However, the institutional perspective does not address the fundamental issue of business strategy necessary to explain the persistence of substantially different strategies among firms that are subjected to comparable levels of institutional pressures. In this chapter, we present current research arguing that such firms adopt heterogeneous sets of environmental management practices despite facing common institutional pressures because organizational characteristics lead managers to interpret these pressures differently.","PeriodicalId":311223,"journal":{"name":"Harvard Business School: Technology & Operations Management Unit Working Paper Series","volume":"135 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115092808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 90