National Journal of Laboratory Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Adrenal Myelolipomas: An Interesting Case Series of the Silent Tumours with a Diagnostic Dilemma","authors":"R. Rastogi, D. Kalita, P. Rastogi, G. Bhatnagar","doi":"10.7860/njlm/2022/52218.2595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7860/njlm/2022/52218.2595","url":null,"abstract":"Adrenal myelolipomas are a variety of rare and endocrinologically non functional benign neoplasms of the adrenal gland. They are usually composed of haematopoietic elements with interspersed areas of fatty tissue, thus, resembling bone marrow tissue. These tumours are usually detected as an incidentaloma during routine scans on suspicion of other diagnoses and are mostly silent clinically. They have always been a subject of diagnostic dilemmas for the clinicians, as they are usually asymptomatic and benign, but are often operated upon in situations where a malignancy cannot be excluded. Differential diagnosis for these tumours include adrenal adenoma, adrenal carcinoma, retroperitoneal liposarcoma and renal angiomyolipomas. A careful histopathological examination usually settles the diagnosis. Usually, the tumours are unilateral with right sided preponderance and are small in size. Here, the authors report three interesting cases, including two females and one male, of adrenal myelolipomas with varied presentations with two cases presenting with large size tumours and in one case the adrenal tumour was located on left side.","PeriodicalId":31115,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71270988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between Iron Profile and Thyroid Profile in Hypothyroid Patients","authors":"Santosh Kumar, J. Keshari, R. Kumari, P. Prakash, U. Kumar, Ved Prakash","doi":"10.7860/njlm/2022/48551.2556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7860/njlm/2022/48551.2556","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Thyroid hormone biosynthesis is dependent on iron metabolism. Changes in iron metabolism and its deficiency may cause a change in the profile of thyroid hormone. Such interferences caused can lead to hypothyroidism in case of anaemia or the other way round. Aim: To find a relationship between various parameters of iron profile to that of thyroid profile in hypothyroid patients when compared to normal healthy subjects. Materials and Methods: Present case-control study was conducted on 50 hypothyroid patients and 50 healthy subjects of same age, in the Department of Endocrinology, IGIMS, Patna between April 2017 to June 2018. Serum ferritin and Serum T3, T4, and Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) were estimated by Chemiluminescence Immuno Assay (CLIA) method. Serum iron estimation was done using TPTZ (2,4,6-Tripyridyl-s-triazine) method and Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC) estimation was done by Nitroso PSAP method. All statistical test and analysis were performed in Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) 16.0. The differences between mean values of groups for each test variable were tested by Student’s t-test after testing for homogeneity of variance and normality test (Kolmogorov-Smirnov test). Results: The mean age of the hypothyroid patients was 30.28±10.5 years while it was 31.14±10.4 years in control group. It was observed from the study that mean serum ferritin level and iron level were significantly lower in hypothyroid subjects compared to control groups (p<0.001) while TIBC was significantly higher (p<0.001). Serum ferritin and iron were found to be negatively correlated with TSH (-0.695 and -0.541) and positively correlated to T3 and T4, respectively. Conclusion: Evaluating iron profile in thyroid disorder may be an aid to the treatment modality and disease outcome","PeriodicalId":31115,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71269565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comparison of Rapid Screening Test and ELISA for the Diagnosis of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen in Patients Attending a Tertiary Care Hospital, Tamil Nadu, India","authors":"P. Prabha, D. Saikeerthana, V. Vijayashree, M. Gogan","doi":"10.7860/njlm/2022/50412.2580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7860/njlm/2022/50412.2580","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Hepatitis B virus infection is a major public health problem and leading cause of death worldwide. World Health Organisation (WHO) estimates that in 2015 about 257 million population were living with chronic Hepatitis B virus infection with a global prevalence of 3.5%. Among the several viral antigens of Hepatitis B, Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg) is an important viral antigen which is recognised as a superior marker for Hepatitis B virus detection. For proper diagnosis of infection as well as disease management and prevention, identification of appropriate test kit is necessary. Aim: To compare the results of rapid screening tests and ELISA for the diagnosis of HBsAg. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2019-August 2019 in a tertiary care hospital. A total of 200 blood samples received for HBsAg testing were centrifuged. Serum of all the 200 blood samples were tested for HBsAg using both rapid Immuno Chromatographic Card (ICT) method (HEPAVIEW - one step test for HBsAg, Viola Diagnostic System, A Division of Tulip Diagnostics Pvt., Ltd.) and Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assays (ELISA) (Merilisa HBsAg- Meril Diagnostics Pvt., Ltd.) method. Data for rapid card method and ELISA were noted and entered into MS excel spread sheet and analysed. Results: Among the total 200 blood samples tested by HbsAg rapid card, five samples were positive and the remaining 195 were negative. For rapid card test, the sensitivity was 83.4%, specificity 100%, Positive Predictive Value (PPV) 100% and Negative Predictive Value (NPV) 99.4% and for ELISA the sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV were all 100%. Conclusion: The overall performance of the rapid ICT for HBsAg was less sensitive to ELISA. So, only ELISA can be encouraged in all setups irrespective of their developmental and economical status not only to prevent the complications of Hepatitis B infection but also for early diagnosis and better treatment of patients.","PeriodicalId":31115,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71270167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Levels of Serum Selenium and Zinc in Critically ill Type 2 Diabetics and Normal Healthy Individuals at Tertiary Care Hospital, Surat, India","authors":"S. P. Patel, D. Ramavataram, N. Chandrika, H. Lad","doi":"10.7860/njlm/2022/51859.2574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7860/njlm/2022/51859.2574","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), accounting for 85-90% of diabetic subjects globally, is reported to be also caused by imbalance between pro-oxidant and antioxidant factors. This very fact necessitates exploring and evaluating the possibilities of role of various antioxidant trace elements like selenium and zinc, in further understanding the pathogenesis and appropriate applicable intervention required, if any for patients suffering from diabetes mellitus. The levels of trace elements like selenium and zinc, representing antioxidant capacity, might be implicated in development of type II diabetes and vice versa. Aim: To evaluate the levels of serum selenium and zinc in critically ill type 2 diabetic patients and comparing them with healthy individuals. Materials and Methods: This case-control study was conducted for a period of nine months from October 2016 to June 2017. Fifty critically ill type 2 diabetic patients and 150 apparently healthy age and gender matched controls were recruited into this study. Serum selenium and zinc levels were estimated in subjects of both the groups. Mean, standard deviation, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test and student t-test were statistical tools used to interpret the results. Results: Fifty critically ill T2DM patients constituted the cases and 150 age and sex matched healthy adults were in the control group. Mean Random Blood Sugar (RBS) in controls was 113.14±25.52 mg/dL while in that in cases was 246.48±98 mg/dL and the difference was significant (p-value <0.01). This study showed significant difference (p<0.01) in the level of serum selenium and zinc levels in critically ill diabetic patients compared to healthy individuals across all age groups i.e., <40, 40 to 55 and >55 years. The mean level of selenium in cases and controls were 83.8±11.97 and 103.08±67.7 μg/dL (p-value <0.01) respectively. The mean level of zinc amongst cases and controls were 40.83±21.19 and 103.08±67.7 (p-value <0.01), respectively. Conclusion: Serum selenium and zinc levels were decreased in critically ill type 2 diabetic patients owing to the increased production of free radicals in them. Supplementation of selenium and zinc in these individuals could be beneficial and is therefore recommended.","PeriodicalId":31115,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71270275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comprehensive Stability Study of Glucose Concentrations Measured in Sodium Fluoride, Heparin and Serum Separator Tubes: A Cross-sectional Study","authors":"M. Modi, K. Nandi, V. Jain, Kailash Chandra","doi":"10.7860/njlm/2022/51870.2675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7860/njlm/2022/51870.2675","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Sodium fluoride mixed vacutainers were once viewed as the gold standard tubes for glucose analysis. However, their ineffectiveness in inhibiting glycolysis, especially in the first one to four hours has been reported in several studies. The accurate blood glucose estimation is crucial for the diagnosis and management of diabetes mellitus. Aim: To find out a cost effective and feasible alternative blood collection vacutainer for the estimation of accurate blood glucose. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Blood Collection Centre of HAH Centenary Hospital, New Delhi, India, from December 2019 to July 2020. A blood sample was collected from 155 subjects in each-sodium fluoride [Na2EDTA], heparin [sodium heparin] and Serum Separator Tube (SST). To find out the glucose reduction during blood coagulation in SST tubes, the glucose levels (n=25) of sodium fluoride (plasma) at 0 hr and 30 mins after coagulation in SST tubes were compared. The remaining study subjects (n=130) were categorised into two groups (65 subjects in each group) and assessed for the reduction of glucose at 4°C and 25°C. Further, the reduction of glucose was also studied in both the groups as per glucose concentrations <100 mg/dL (n=25), 100-200 mg/dL (n=25) and >200 mg/dL (n=15) in each group. Results: The inter assay coefficient of variation of quality control samples of glucose (n=61) was 3.0%. The highest percentage of glucose reduction was found in the green vacutainers (p<0.05) at 4°C and 25°C storage temperatures. There was no significant reduction of glucose level in SST vacutainers at 4°C up to 96 hrs of analysis (p>0.05) and the result was comparable to grey vacutainers. Further, there was no haemolysis in the SST vacutainers up to 96 hrs of analysis, however, green and grey vacutainers showed enormous haemolysis. Conclusion: The glucose analysis in SST vacutainers can reduce the loss of sample, cost of analysis, and interferences in the analysis due to haemolysis. The study strongly suggests that all the analytical laboratories should do glucose analysis in SST vacutainers.","PeriodicalId":31115,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71270281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbiological Profile and Antibiotic Resistance of Bloodstream Infections among Cancer Patients at a Tertiary Care Cancer Centre in North Kerala, India","authors":"Parthiban Rudrapathy, S. Samuel, S. Murugesan","doi":"10.7860/njlm/2022/50713.2576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7860/njlm/2022/50713.2576","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Bacterial infections, especially Bloodstream Infections (BSI) are among the most frequent complications in immunosuppressed patients with cancer, and are associated with considerable morbidity and mortality and high economic costs. Patients with chemotherapy induced neutropenia, especially haematological patients with malignancies in whom the neutropenia is often profound and prolonged, and those undergoing Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT) are at higher risk for BSI. Aim: To analyse the microbiological profile of Bloodstream Infections and their antibiotic resistance pattern among the clinically diagnosed cases of sepsis in cancer patients. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at a Microbiology Division, Department of Clinical Laboratory Services and Translational Research, Malabar Cancer Centre, Kannur, Kerala, India during the period from July 2020 to December 2020. Data of January 2016 to December 2017 on all microbial cultures from blood samples were analysed. All blood cultures during the study period were processed by Bactec 9050 Blood Culture System (Becton Dickinson Microbiology Systems, Sparks, MD, USA. After performing culture, bacterial identification and susceptibility was done by using automated culture system (VITEK 2 Compact system). Simple descriptive analysis of data was done and results presented in frequencies and percentages. Results: Total 385 (9.2%) were identified to be culture positive from 4154 blood cultures screened. Out of 385 positive cultures, 354 (92%) showed bacterial growth, gram negative were 245 (64%) and gram positive were 109 (28.3%) and fungal species were 31 (8%). Among the Gram negative bacteria (GNB), Klebsiella pneumoniae was found to be the most frequent species (n=83), followed by Escherichia coli (n=75). In gram positive bacteria, Coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CoNS) were the most common species (n=48). High prevalence of antimicrobial resistance was observed among E.coli, K.pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii. Among the 48 isolates of CoNS and 26 isolates of S.aureus in which 30 (62.5%) isolates and 14 (54%) isolates respectively were found to be methicillin resistant. Conclusion: A proper antimicrobial stewardship should be followed in all healthcare centres especially cancer treating hospitals as the patients are immunocompromised. This current study on regular reporting of antibiogram with clinical guidelines will help in judicious use of antibiotics, as drug resistance is on the rise globally","PeriodicalId":31115,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71270379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern of Non Fermentative Gram Negative Bacilli in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, India","authors":"N. Reddi, Gaddiparthi Israel","doi":"10.7860/njlm/2022/53716.2648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7860/njlm/2022/53716.2648","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":31115,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71271050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seroprevalence of Blood-borne Viral Infections among Blood Donors in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Kalaburagi District, Karnataka, India","authors":"R. Ingin, Ashwin P. Khageshan, M. Patil, Jagadish M Kattimani, Kirthi Shivasharanappa Patil","doi":"10.7860/njlm/2022/50427.2614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7860/njlm/2022/50427.2614","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Transfusion of blood and its components is a life- saving manoeuvre but has life threatening hazards as well. Blood Transfusion Service (BTS) is covered by “Drug and Cosmetics Act” and has legal implications. Hence, strict criteriae are followed while selecting a donor, particularly emphasising on Transfusion Transmissible Infections (TTI), which may improve safe transfusion practices. Aim: To study the seroprevalence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) among Voluntary Donors (VD) in blood centre, tertiary care hospital, Kalaburagi, Karnataka, India. Materials and Methods: The present study was retrospective observational study done for four consecutive years from 1st January 2017 to 31st December 2020. Data of all donors screened for HIV, HBV and HCV was retrieved from the records of Gulbarga Institute Medical Sciences (GIMS) Blood Centre, GIMS Hospital, Kalaburagi, Karnataka, India. The results were tabulated and analysed using descriptive statistics.. Results: Total blood units taken were 15,466 from VDs. There were 96.8% (14,966/15,466) male and 3.2% (500/15,466) female donors. The overall seropositivity of HBV, HCV and HIV was 1.8%, 0.006% and 0.12%, respectively. The highest seroprevalence of TTI was found to be in the age group of 18-30 years (169 donors; 55.6%) followed by 31-40 years age group (103 donors; 33.9%). Conclusion: This study shows increasing trend for total blood donation. Strict selection and retention of voluntary low-risk blood donors is recommended to improve the blood safety. Use of highly sensitive screening tests like Nucleic Acid Amplification Test (NAAT) technology may be implemented in all blood centres to possibly reduce the incidence of TTI.","PeriodicalId":31115,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71270201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Extended Spectrum Beta-lactamase Encoding Genes in Enterobacteriaceae Isolated from Various Clinical Samples in a Tertiary Care Cancer Centre, Kerala, India","authors":"S. Samuel, O. Neeraja, R. Parthiban, M. Saravanan, K. Sarath","doi":"10.7860/njlm/2022/51722.2589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7860/njlm/2022/51722.2589","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Cancer patients are disproportionately at high risk of developing infections, with a risk of infection about 10 times than that of non cancer patients. Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamases (ESBLs) enzyme producing gram-negative bacteria have been marked as one of the “serious” threat by the centre for disease control. This enzyme has the ability to hydrolyse the beta-lactam antibiotics and posses a major threat for the immunocompromised and cancer patients. Hence, understanding its prevalence at the grammatical level is important to decide upon the type of drugs to be prescribed. Aim: To study the prevalence of ESBL genes among the Gram- Negative Bacteria (GNB) isolated from cancer patients. Materials and Methods: The present study was a hospital- based cross-sectional study carried out in Microbiology Division, Malabar Cancer Centre, Thalassery, Kerala, India, from January to March 2021. Microbiological identification of the causative agents was done by staining, culturing and biochemical methods. Screening of the isolates for ESBL was done using Double Disc Synergy Test (DDST). Antibiotic susceptibility testing was carried out using modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. The ESBL producers were genotypically confirmed through Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and typed accordingly. The data were given as average with standard deviation and analysed using Microsoft Excel. Results: Out of 1,310 specimens, 366 (27.9%) were culture positive. Among the GNB, Escherichia coli (50%) followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (46.07%), Proteus (1.96%) and Enterobacter cloacae (0.98%) were the predominant isolates. Most of these ESBL producers (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae) were Multidrug Resistant (MDR). However, significant isolates of Escherichia coli (98.03%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (36.1%), Proteus, (50%) and Enterobacter cloacae (100%) were sensitive to immunocompromised. Among 102 ESBL producers, prevalence of blaTEM (67.64%) was highest followed by blaCTX-M (10.78%), blaSHV (14.70%) and blaOXA (18.62%). All of the ESBL producers tested showed the presence of one of four beta- lactamase encoding genes by PCR. One of the isolate Proteus mirabilis found to be ESBL producer as confirmed by phenotypic methods but lacked ESBL genes. Conclusion: Higher prevalence of ESBL producing strains warrants stringent measures to tackle the spread of MDR strains. Carbapenems can be considered as the drug of choice against ESBL producers. Highly prevalent blaTEM gene could be considered as potential therapeutical and diagnostic target against the ESBL producing GNBs.","PeriodicalId":31115,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71270223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical and Histopathological Findings of Ectopic Pregnancy Cases- A Retrospective Study from a Tertiary Care Hospital, Andhra Pradesh, India","authors":"Neelima Govada, Kaumudi Konkay, Neelima Pola, P. Chaganti, Chandana Chowdary Yarra, M. Karri","doi":"10.7860/njlm/2022/52700.2638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7860/njlm/2022/52700.2638","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Ectopic Pregnancy (EP) is defined as a pregnancy that occurs in ectopic location, that is, outside the cavity of uterus. It is one of the leading causes of mortality in the first trimester of pregnancy and one of indication for emergency laparotomy. Timely diagnosis is extremely crucial as delay in diagnosis can lead to mortality. Diagnosing ectopic pregnancy is quiet challenging as there are many conditions which have similar presentation and may not require surgical management. Histopathology is required for confirmation of ectopic pregnancy by identifying trophoblastic tissue in ectopic location since there are other conditions like haematosalpinx, ruptured hemorrhagic corpus luteum which can have similar presentation clinically. Aim: To analyse the clinicopathological features of cases clinically diagnosed as ectopic pregnancy and estimate the percentage of cases which were confirmed on histopathology and assess the percentage of cases which were negative on histopathology. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective observational study conducted on three years data collected retrospectively between July 2017 and June 2020. Clinical details like age of the patient, parity, gestational age, previous history of any associated risk factors for ectopic pregnancy, were obtained from patient requisition forms and pathology records. Hematoxylin and Eosin (H & E) stained sections were reviewed. Descriptive analysis was done. Data entry was made in Microsoft (MS) excel sheet. Frequencies and percentages were calculated. Results: Total of 128 cases (mean age 25.8±4.87 years) data was analysed in this study, most women were between 21 to 30 years (97 out of 128 (75.7%), with mean age of 25.8 years and presented in 2nd pregnancy (40 out of 86 cases where details were known (46.5%) and in 6th week of gestation (28 out of 78 cases where details were known) (35.8%)) with mean gestational age of 7.2 weeks. Most common risk factors were previous abortions and previous caesarean section (36 out of 82 cases where details were known (43.9% each)). Fallopian tube was the most common site (112 out of 113 cases, 99.1%). On histopathological examination, trophoblastic tissue was identified in 116 cases out of 128 cases. (90.6%). Twelve cases showed no evidence of trophoblastic tissues (11.7%), of these, three cases (25%) showed ruptured corpus luteum, seven cases (40%) showed hematosalpinx, and two cases (13.3%) showed chronic salpingitis changes. Conclusion: Ectopic pregnancy was most frequent in women between 21 to 30 years, in 2nd pregnancy and in 6th week of gestation. Most common risk factors were previous abortions and previous caesarean section. Fallopian tube was the most common site. Ectopic pregnancy was confirmed on histopathological examination, 90.6% cases. A total of 11.7% cases which showed no evidence of trophoblastic tissues, were cases of Haematosalpinx, ruptured hemorrhagic corpus luteum and chronic salpingitis and they presented","PeriodicalId":31115,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71270538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}