Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Economic Research Paper Series最新文献

Sovereign Debt Portfolios, Bond Risks, and the Credibility of Monetary Policy 主权债务投资组合、债券风险和货币政策的可信度

Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Economic Research Paper Series Pub Date : 2019-08-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2912513

Wenxin Du, Carolin E. Pflueger, Jesse Schreger

引用次数: 59

The Effect of the Family Environment, Learning Readiness, Discipline Learning on Learning Motivation in Vocational Schools in East Jakarta 东雅加达职业学校家庭环境、学习准备、学科学习对学习动机的影响

Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Economic Research Paper Series Pub Date : 2019-07-05 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3415423

Hanny Apriyani, Osly Usman

{"title":"The Effect of the Family Environment, Learning Readiness, Discipline Learning on Learning Motivation in Vocational Schools in East Jakarta","authors":"Hanny Apriyani, Osly Usman","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3415423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3415423","url":null,"abstract":"Learning is an obligation for a student. From the whole process of education, activities learn is the most basic activities. To support learning activities the role of the family environment is quite important to give a sense of comfort, in addition to factors outside of the factors within the student, namely learning readiness and learning discipline are important things to increase learning motivation. Research this done in Indonesia with use object Vocational students in East Jakarta. Samples used for research this is 155 respondents. D nature research this data analysis is done using analysis linear regression with application Statistical Product and Service Solutions ( SPSS) version 25. This study aims to: 1) determine the effect of the family environment on learning motivation; 2) knowing the effect of learning readiness on learning motivation; 3) knowing the discipline of learning towards learning motivation; and 4) the influence of the family environment, learning readiness, and learning discipline on learning motivation. To answer the hypothesis in this study using multiple regression with F test and t-test. It can be concluded that: (1) there is no influence of the family environment on learning motivation; (2) there is an effect of learning readiness on learning motivation; (3) there is no influence of learning discipline on learning motivation; and (4) there is no influence of family environment, learning readiness, and learning discipline on learning motivation.","PeriodicalId":309770,"journal":{"name":"Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Economic Research Paper Series","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127229061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Discrimination at the Intersection of Age, Race, and Gender: Evidence from a Lab-in-The-Field Experiment 年龄、种族和性别交叉点的歧视:来自实验室现场实验的证据

Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Economic Research Paper Series Pub Date : 2018-12-01 DOI: 10.3386/W25357

J. Lahey, Douglas R. Oxley

{"title":"Discrimination at the Intersection of Age, Race, and Gender: Evidence from a Lab-in-The-Field Experiment","authors":"J. Lahey, Douglas R. Oxley","doi":"10.3386/W25357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3386/W25357","url":null,"abstract":"We use a laboratory experiment with randomized resumes and eyetracking to explore the effects of race on employment discrimination over the lifecycle. We show race discrimination against prime-age black job applicants that diminishes into middle age before re-emerging for older applicants. Screeners mechanically process black and white resumes similarly, but spend less time on younger black resumes, suggesting they use negative heuristics or taste-based discrimination. Screeners demonstrate levels-based statistical discrimination, believing that younger black applicants have worse computer skills and more gaps in their job histories. We find no evidence that screeners believe black applicants have worse previous experience. Screeners demonstrate variance-based statistical discrimination against black applicants of all ages, suggesting that screeners perceive the stronger history signals for white applicants, with this type of discrimination disproportionately affecting older applicants. We find suggestive evidence that the signal sent by high school attended is weaker for younger black applicants compared to younger white applicants, and we find no evidence that the signal strength of the applicant’s address varies by race. Evidence from the CPS and an additional study supports the external validity of our experiment, particularly for female job applicants. Results are robust to different controls and specification choices.","PeriodicalId":309770,"journal":{"name":"Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Economic Research Paper Series","volume":"108 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124757140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 25

Organizational Decision Making Under Uncertainty Shocks 不确定性冲击下的组织决策

Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Economic Research Paper Series Pub Date : 2018-08-01 DOI: 10.3386/W24924

Luis Ballesteros, H. Kunreuther

{"title":"Organizational Decision Making Under Uncertainty Shocks","authors":"Luis Ballesteros, H. Kunreuther","doi":"10.3386/W24924","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3386/W24924","url":null,"abstract":"In line with the fallacy of riskification of uncertainty by which decision makers believe that the effects of unpredictable phenomena can be captured accurately by probability distributions, organizational scholars commonly treat the organizational inefficiency in dealing with uncertainty shocks—exogenous hazards whose welfare effects spread across industries and markets, such as natural disasters, terrorist attacks, and financial crises—as a problem of risk management. This is problematic because the consequences of uncertainty shocks outstrip the predictability capacity for the average manager and entail a greater complexity of internal and external factors. Moreover, their uniqueness makes translating experience into learning far more difficult. We seek to address this inadequate approach with a theoretical framework that captures the multidimensional complexity of organizations preparing for, coping with, and recovering from exogenous uncertain disruption. We bring together the literatures on cognitive psychology that suggest that biases and heuristics drive behavior under uncertainty, a Neo-Carnegie perspective that indicates that organizational structure and strategy regulate these behavioral factors, and institutional theory that points to stakeholder and institutional dynamics affecting economic incentives to invest in prevention and business continuity. Taken together, this article offers the foundation for a behaviorally plausible, decision-centered perspective on organizational decision-making under uncertainty.","PeriodicalId":309770,"journal":{"name":"Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Economic Research Paper Series","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133419196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

Artificial Intelligence, Automation and Work 人工智能、自动化和工作

Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Economic Research Paper Series Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3098384

D. Acemoglu, P. Restrepo

{"title":"Artificial Intelligence, Automation and Work","authors":"D. Acemoglu, P. Restrepo","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3098384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3098384","url":null,"abstract":"We summarize a framework for the study of the implications of automation and AI on the demand for labor, wages, and employment. Our task-based framework emphasizes the displacement effect that automation creates as machines and AI replace labor in tasks that it used to perform. This displacement effect tends to reduce the demand for labor and wages. But it is counteracted by a productivity effect, resulting from the cost savings generated by automation, which increase the demand for labor in non-automated tasks. The productivity effect is complemented by additional capital accumulation and the deepening of automation (improvements of existing machinery), both of which further increase the demand for labor. These countervailing effects are incomplete. Even when they are strong, automation in- creases output per worker more than wages and reduce the share of labor in national income. The more powerful countervailing force against automation is the creation of new labor-intensive tasks, which reinstates labor in new activities and tends to in- crease the labor share to counterbalance the impact of automation. Our framework also highlights the constraints and imperfections that slow down the adjustment of the economy and the labor market to automation and weaken the resulting produc- tivity gains from this transformation: a mismatch between the skill requirements of new technologies, and the possibility that automation is being introduced at an excessive rate, possibly at the expense of other productivity-enhancing technologies.","PeriodicalId":309770,"journal":{"name":"Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Economic Research Paper Series","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122963427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 545

Social Capital and Labor Market Networks 社会资本和劳动力市场网络

Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Economic Research Paper Series Pub Date : 2017-10-01 DOI: 10.3386/W23959

Brian J. Asquith, J. Hellerstein, Mark Kutzbach, D. Neumark

{"title":"Social Capital and Labor Market Networks","authors":"Brian J. Asquith, J. Hellerstein, Mark Kutzbach, D. Neumark","doi":"10.3386/W23959","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3386/W23959","url":null,"abstract":"We explore the links between social capital and labor market networks at the neighborhood level. We harness rich data taken from multiple sources, including matched employer-employee data with which we measure the strength of labor market networks, data on behavior such as voting patterns that have previously been tied to social capital, and new data – not previously used in the study of social capital – on the number and location of non-profit sector establishments at the neighborhood level. We use a machine learning algorithm to identify important potential social capital measures that best predict neighborhood-level variation in labor market networks. We find evidence suggesting that smaller and less centralized schools, and schools with fewer poor students, foster social capital that builds labor market networks, as does a larger Republican vote share. The presence of establishments in a number of non-profit oriented industries are identified as predictive of strong labor market networks, likely because they either provide public goods or facilitate social contacts. These industries include, for example, churches and other religious institutions, police departments, fire and rescue services including volunteer fire departments, country clubs, mayors’ offices, chamber music groups, hobby clubs, and museums.","PeriodicalId":309770,"journal":{"name":"Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Economic Research Paper Series","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121674257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Non-Monetary Job Characteristics and Employment Transitions at Older Ages 非货币性工作特征与老年就业转变

Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Economic Research Paper Series Pub Date : 2015-09-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3238248

M. Angrisani, A. Kapteyn, Erik Meijer

{"title":"Non-Monetary Job Characteristics and Employment Transitions at Older Ages","authors":"M. Angrisani, A. Kapteyn, Erik Meijer","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3238248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3238248","url":null,"abstract":"This paper studies to what extent job characteristics such as physical and cognitive demands, use of technologies, responsibility, difficulty, stress, peer pressure, and relations with co-workers are related to full or partial retirement. We study employment transitions and retirement expectations of older workers by exploiting the wealth of information about individuals older than age 50 in the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), and characteristics of different occupations provided by the Occupation Information Network (O*NET) database. Controlling for basic demographics, wages, benefits, health, cognitive ability, personality, and other personal characteristics, we find strong and statistically significant relationships between labor force transitions and job characteristics. These relationships are typically more pronounced and more precisely estimated when we use objective job attributes taken from the O*NET than when we use self-reported job characteristics taken from the HRS, but self-reported characteristics are more strongly related to moves from full-time to part-time employment. Using expected retirement age or subjective probabilities of working full-time at older ages gives similar results to using actual labor force transitions as the dependent variable. The estimated effects of job characteristics are again stronger and more robust to alternative specifications when measures of job attributes are taken from the O*NET than from the HRS. Our findings suggest that nonmonetary job characteristics are important determinants of labor supply decisions at older ages, but our analysis is still preliminary in its attempt to uncover causal relationships: Unobservable individual characteristics responsible for sorting into specific occupations may also shape retirement decisions.","PeriodicalId":309770,"journal":{"name":"Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Economic Research Paper Series","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130468774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 19

Measuring the Sensitivity of Parameter Estimates to Estimation Moments 测量参数估计对估计矩的灵敏度

Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Economic Research Paper Series Pub Date : 2014-11-01 DOI: 10.1093/QJE/QJX023

M. Gentzkow, Jesse M. Shapiro

引用次数: 217

Introduction: Telling the Story of MIT Economics in the Postwar Period 引言:讲述战后时期麻省理工学院经济学的故事

Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Economic Research Paper Series Pub Date : 2014-10-28 DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.2517505

E. Weintraub

{"title":"Introduction: Telling the Story of MIT Economics in the Postwar Period","authors":"E. Weintraub","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2517505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2517505","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past twenty-five years the Duke history of economics faculty, together with the collection development librarians in the David M. Rubenstein Rare Book and Manuscript Library, have been gathering the papers of notable (mostly) twentieth century economists in what is now called The Economists Papers Project (EPP). Over time that archive has grown and become central to historical research on economics in the postwar period. The papers of Edwin Burmeister, Evsey Domar, Franklin Fisher, Duncan Foley, Lawrence Klein, Franco Modigliani, and Robert Solow, all MIT faculty or students, have attracted scholars from around the world. After Paul Samuelson’s death in December 2009, his papers, by prior arrangement, came to the EPP and quickly became a magnet for historians of economics. In response, early in 2010 I was encouraged by my colleagues Kevin Hoover, Bruce Caldwell, Craufurd Goodwin, and Neil De Marchi to plan a conference in the History of Political Economy Annual Conference series to examine the history of MIT economics. After a year’s worth of conversations and emails, I invited a number of individuals to consider a variety of projects exploring MIT’s role in the transformation of American economics in the postwar period. That conference, held in April 2013 at the R. David Thomas Conference Center at Duke University, was sponsored as usual by the Duke University Press. However the very generous financial support of the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation made possible the expansion of the “standard” HOPE Conference into one that included a larger number of participants and papers. In the end the conferees learned that telling the story of MIT’s role in the postwar period required attending to both the particular circumstances that shaped MIT and the various ways in which economics itself was changing.","PeriodicalId":309770,"journal":{"name":"Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Economic Research Paper Series","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132182720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 14

Markets with Multidimensional Private Information 多维私有信息市场

Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Economic Research Paper Series Pub Date : 2014-10-01 DOI: 10.3386/w20623

Veronica Guerrieri, R. Shimer

引用次数: 50