Obianuju V. Chukwuorji, B. Saka, I. D. Inuwa, S. Hussein, Sadiq Thomas, Steve A. Adeshina
{"title":"Smart Grid and Distributed Generation: A Panacea for Nigeria’s Power Problems","authors":"Obianuju V. Chukwuorji, B. Saka, I. D. Inuwa, S. Hussein, Sadiq Thomas, Steve A. Adeshina","doi":"10.1109/PowerAfrica46609.2019.9078672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PowerAfrica46609.2019.9078672","url":null,"abstract":"The inadequacy of the power supply in Nigeria seems to have defied all solutions proffered over the years by experts. The involvement of the private sector which became necessary by the unbundling of the singular public utility company Power Holding Company of Nigeria (PHCN) has done little to improve the situation. This paper proposes the use of smart grid and distributed generation to improve the generation, transmission and distribution of electric power in the country. Smart Grid technologies which incorporates communication technologies into the conventional grid as we know, brings about adequacy in generation, transmission and distribution of power, which has so far been lacking in the contemporary Nigerian society. The communication systems incorporated in the smart grid allows a two-way communication between the utility company and consumers. This is needed in a situation such as ours as it gives consumers the power to regulate their consumption while giving the utility companies real time online information from the consumer end. Distributed generation on the other hand makes it possible to incorporate renewable energy sources which the country has in abundance into the power supply mix. This paper discusses the various benefits derivable from the use of these technologies as a solution to the epileptic and inadequate supply presently experienced in the country.","PeriodicalId":308661,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124422724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"State estimation of energy measurements for enhanced trust in distributed ledger applications on rural microgrids","authors":"C. Mullen, N. Wade","doi":"10.1109/PowerAfrica.2019.8928715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PowerAfrica.2019.8928715","url":null,"abstract":"Distributed ledger technology has the potential to revolutionize the exchange of value in energy supply systems. Trust is central to the records in a ledger and the measurement of energy production or consumption must be dependable for confidence in an energy transaction. The case of measurement accuracy and error detection in a rural micro-grid is investigated for methods to enhance trust in energy exchanges. The suitability of state estimation as a technique is evaluated for mitigating inaccuracies in meter accuracy and therefore increasing trust. Application of the same principle for error detection, either from intentional meter tampering or faulty equipment is outlined. State estimation is found to provide a small improvement to the measurement of energy in a simple radial micro-grid, suggesting that with further work this method could benefit micro-grid operators and users seeking improvements to the accuracy and error detection.","PeriodicalId":308661,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114389883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Solar Radiation Estimations Using the Territorial Climatological Measurements in Vhembe District, Limpopo Province for Solar Energy Potential Estimation and Use","authors":"C. Matasane, M. Kahn","doi":"10.1109/PowerAfrica.2019.8928806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PowerAfrica.2019.8928806","url":null,"abstract":"Determining the solar radiation for the use of energy generation involves a number of procedures, estimations and calculations using the climatological weather data measurements. The case study was conducted in the Vhembe District area through the nine installed Weather Stations (WS). The analysis determines the minimum and maximum solar radiation equations associated with the local climate patterns in accommodating the theoretical bases and its time period changes. The paper contributes to the main project objectives on renewable (i.e. solar, wind, biomass/biogas and hydro) energy assessment for their potentials and generating at small/ micro scale in the district. These parameters are very important in estimating the solar energy radiation to the area using its extraterrestrial solar radiation per day/ weekly/ monthly and annual periods. The metrology estimations through graphical representations were performed. These provided calculations in which territorial solar energy was determined through climatic conditions and analysis found to be usable.","PeriodicalId":308661,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117199603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Development of a Power System Restoration Plan with Renewable-based Microgrids","authors":"S. Shongwe, S. Chowdhury","doi":"10.1109/PowerAfrica.2019.8928908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PowerAfrica.2019.8928908","url":null,"abstract":"Power System Restoration (PSR) is a complex process that requires resources, proper planning and execution. Having renewable distributed generation (RDG) in the power system not only brings benefits but there are other roles that RDG can play in the operation and control of the power system. This paper discusses power system restoration using Renewable-based Microgrids (RbM) after a blackout has occurred. The simulation model is developed in PowerFactory DIgSILENT SP 18. It consists of a cluster of renewable generators in microgrids that are coupled to the low voltage side of the IEEE 14 bus benchmark test system. The paper’s focus is on a PSR plan that employs renewable-based generation in microgrids to supply blackstart power to the power system central generators before PSR commences. This is compared to an instance when there are no RbMs available in the power system thus central generation is used for PSR. The voltage, frequency is monitored on different parts of the test system and the amount of load restored is recorded to determine the success of the restoration plan.","PeriodicalId":308661,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130164002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Impacts of increased integration of Wind and Solar generators on the Namibian grid power losses","authors":"A. Simeon, T. Wanjekeche, E. Hamatwi","doi":"10.1109/PowerAfrica.2019.8928866","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PowerAfrica.2019.8928866","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper the impacts of increased integration of wind and solar distributed generators (DG’s) on the Namibian grid active power losses are analysed. Wind and solar energy distributed generators have been considered in this study due to their recent increase in penetration levels worldwide. Moreover, they have the highest potential for energy generation in Namibia. A system modeling and simulation studies were done in DigSILENT PowerFactory software tool. The study was carried out under three scenarios; at 0% penetration (base case), increased wind energy penetration and increased solar energy penetration. Wind and solar generators were integrated separately up to 150 MW each to cover the current generation deficit in Namibia. Thereafter, the impacts of each of these sources on the grid active power losses were analysed. The penetration of the wind distributed generators resulted in a decrease in power losses from 35.37MW at 44.77% to 33.46MW at 60.22%. However, an increase in power losses was later noticed as the penetration level increased to 70.52%. On the other hand, with solar energy penetration, the grid power losses continued to decrease from 34.94MW at 44.77% to 30.93MW at 70.52%. This decrease in the power losses is due to the reduced load current in the network.","PeriodicalId":308661,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134118262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Design of a PV Based Power Supply with a NonInverting Buck-Boost Converter","authors":"K. Ogudo, P. Umenne","doi":"10.1109/PowerAfrica.2019.8928656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PowerAfrica.2019.8928656","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the design of a photovoltaic based power supply using a non-inverting buck-boost converter to charge batteries. The batteries can be used to power a load as back-up power when there is no sunlight. This approach presents a constant output of 48 V charging voltage for the batteries even though the input voltage may vary depending on the amount of solar irradiation falling on the solar panel. Solar charge controllers are important components in such an off-grid system because they can be used to protect the battery bank from overcharging and regulate the charging current. The buck-boost converter is used as a solar charge controller to maximize the charging voltage when the solar irradiation provides less than the required output voltage. The DC-DC converter (buck-boost converter) was modelled using the SIMetrix software to demonstrate the expected output waveforms before building the complete PV power supply.","PeriodicalId":308661,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132627855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Efficient Utilization of Industrial Power: Demand Side Management Approach","authors":"I. A. Adejumobi, Joseph Adesina Adeoti","doi":"10.1109/PowerAfrica.2019.8928817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PowerAfrica.2019.8928817","url":null,"abstract":"Insufficient electricity generation in Nigeria has been a major constraint to economic, technological and industrial development. This work presents the use of demand side management (DSM) as a tool to efficiently manage the inadequate electric power generated. The functionality of DMS involves optimizing the overall system load factor for reduction in peak demand and electricity bill of energy users. The study adopted mathematical algorithm to optimize system load factor, minimizing the peak load demand and energy cost of consumers of electricity. The peak load reduction was possible by shifting some loads from peak load period to off load period within operation hours. Using the available energy distribution profile of a Bottling Company in Nigeria as a case study, the Microsoft excel solver optimization tool was applied to respectively improve load factor, reducing energy cost and peak load demand of the company by 7.45%, 4.18% and 8.44% annually, considering a 24-hour company operation.","PeriodicalId":308661,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130854617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ayodeji Olalekan Salau, Oladimeji Joseph Ayamolowo, S. Wara
{"title":"Meeting Nigeria’s Energy shortfall by Zero Flaring","authors":"Ayodeji Olalekan Salau, Oladimeji Joseph Ayamolowo, S. Wara","doi":"10.1109/PowerAfrica.2019.8928882","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PowerAfrica.2019.8928882","url":null,"abstract":"Gas flaring is one of Nigeria’s major environmental challenges like in most developing countries. Nigeria’s carbon footprint with respect to the emission of gases such as CO2, N2O, and the huge economic loss due to flaring has resulted in a colossal loss of financial resources. There is therefore a need to urgently address the negative impacts of gas flaring. In this paper, an attempt is made to quantify the financial losses resulting from flared gas and show how zero flaring can serve as a tool to mitigate Nigeria’s energy deficit. Finally, it is the view of the authors that Nigeria’s financial losses occasioned by gas flaring can become a source of power through a gas to power scheme and a source of revenue through a gas monetization scheme.","PeriodicalId":308661,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123227372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Atimati, Joe-Uzuegbu, J. Onojo, I. Achumba, G. Chukwudebe
{"title":"Solar-Inverter System Design Strategies and Considerations","authors":"E. Atimati, Joe-Uzuegbu, J. Onojo, I. Achumba, G. Chukwudebe","doi":"10.1109/PowerAfrica.2019.8928738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PowerAfrica.2019.8928738","url":null,"abstract":"In line with the Sustainable Development Goal of providing reliable, affordable and sustainable energy this paper presents the design strategies and consideration in the installation of a 5kVA Photovoltaic system for the Electrical and Electronic Engineering Department of the Federal University of Technology, Owerri. It provides a comprehensive system design procedure used in designing the system. Its load analysis and management, design calculations for sizing the panels, inverter, charge controller, batteries and other accessories are presented. The designed system was a hybrid system that allowed for a seamless interoperation of different sources of power (grid supply, diesel/fuel generator supply and PV supply). The designed system, had a payback period of approximately five (5) years. The overall performance of the system is still under investigation, but so far, the system is working efficiently, there has been reduced fossil fuel usage and less environmental pollution (noise and fumes).","PeriodicalId":308661,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123617712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Assessment of Solar and Hydropower Energy Potentials of Three Rural Communities in Nigeria","authors":"A. Oladeji, M. Akorede","doi":"10.1109/PowerAfrica.2019.8928929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PowerAfrica.2019.8928929","url":null,"abstract":"Prior to planning a renewable energy project, it is essential to first determine the abundance of the renewable energy resources available at the site of interest. Equally important is the information of the present and future electrical energy demand of the community to serve. This paper presents a resource assessment for hydropower and solar energy production in a cluster of three off-grid rural communities in Nigeria. A hydrological gauge is installed along the available river section to measure the water level for a period of one year, and water velocity with Flow Probe. The average daily solar irradiance of 265 W/m2 is obtained from a seven-year data collected from the Nigerian Meteorological Agency for the site. With a projection of a total annual energy demand of 176.7 MWh in the first year and 229 MWh in the tenth year, the annual energy generation from the hydropower is estimated at 2,624 MWh with a capacity factor of 0.83. Meanwhile, a solar panel of 300 W capacity is estimated to produce 442.36 kWh annually. Conveniently, the production from the two energy sources is more than adequate for the communities.","PeriodicalId":308661,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica","volume":"228 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121130939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}