Majalah Kedokteran UKI最新文献

{"title":"Bakteri Penyebab Otitis Media Supuratif Kronis di Rumah Sakit Umum Universitas Kristen Indonesia","authors":"Tio Dora Parhusip, Bambang Suprayogi Resi Utomo, Lina Marlina, Fransiscus Harp Poluan, Jurita Falorin, Adli Nurfachri, Dameria Pohan","doi":"10.33541/mk.v36i1.2988","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33541/mk.v36i1.2988","url":null,"abstract":"Abstrak \u0000Otitis media supuratif kronis (OMSK) merupakan inflamasi dari telinga tengah dan rongga mastoid kronis, ditandai dengan perforasi membran timpani serta cairan yang keluar dari telinga secara persisten. Gangguan pendengaran dan kecacatan umumnya disebabkan oleh OMSK. Komplikasi otitis media supuratif kronis lainnya dapat menyebabkan infeksi intrakranial yang fatal dan mastoiditis akut, terutama di Negara-negara berkembang. Penatalaksanaan yang efektif tergantung pada pengetahuan mengenai mikroorganisme penyebab dan sensitivitas mikroba. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pola bakteri penyebab otitis media supuratif kronis di Rumah Sakit Umum Universitas Kristen Indonesia Tahun 2019. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif dengan pendekatan secara clinical series yang dilakukan dari bulan Agustus 2019 sampai November 2019 di Poliklinik THT-KL RSU UKI dan Laboratorium Mikrobiologi FK UKI. Hasil dari 17 sampel menunjukkan bahwa Staphylococcus aureus merupakan bakteri terbanyak yang ditemukan pada penderita OMSK yaitu 6 (35,3%), diikuti Pseudomonas aerugenosa 5 (29,4%), Staphylococcus epidermidis 2 (11,8%), Klebsiella spp. 2 (11,8%), Proteus spp. 1 (5,9%), Escherichia coli 1 (5,9%). \u0000 Kata kunci :otitis media supuratif kronis, pola bakteri. \u0000Abstract \u0000Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is a chronic inflammation of the middle ear and mastoid cavity, followed with recurrent ear discharges or otorrhoea through a tympanic perforation. Hearing impairment and disability are generally caused by CSOM. Other complications of chronic suppurative otitis media can lead to fatal intracranial infections and acute mastoiditis, especially in developing countries. Effectivity of the disease management depends on the knowledge of causative microorganisms and their antimicrobial sensitivity. The purpose of this study is to identify the bacterial pattern that cause chronic suppurative otitis media in Christian  University of Indonesia General Hospital in 2019. This study is using the descriptive method with a clinical series approach, this study was carried out from August 2019 to November 2019 at the polyclinic of ENT-HNS RSU UKI and Microbiology Laboratory FK UKI. The results of 17 samples showed Staphylococcus aureus was the most bacteria found in CSOM patient 6 samples (35,3%), followed Pseudomonas aerugenosa 5 (29,4%), Staphylococcus epidermidis 2 (11,8%), Klebsiella spp. 2 (11,8%), Proteus spp. 1 (5,9%), Escherichia coli 1 (5,9%). \u0000Keywords: chronic suppurative otitis media, bacterial pattern","PeriodicalId":308481,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Kedokteran UKI","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125388193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aktivitas Antijamur Ekstrak Biji Pepaya (Carica Papaya L.) Varietas Bangkok","authors":"F. E. Siagian, Dena Carolina Sabono, M. Alfarabi","doi":"10.33541/mk.v36i1.2987","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33541/mk.v36i1.2987","url":null,"abstract":"Abstrak \u0000Candida sp. dan Cryptococcus sp. merupakan jamur oportunistik yang dapat menyebabkan penyakit pada manusia dan dapat berakibat fatal jika tidak ditangani dengan cepat dan tepat. Saat ini terdapat permasalahan yaitu resistensi antijamur dan jenis terapi terhadap jamur yang terbatas. Terdapatnya bahan alam yang melimpah di Indonesia menjadi suatu potensi untuk mengembangkan obat anti jamur baru yang memiliki efektivitas tinggi, efek samping yang minimal, dan murah. Salah satu bahan alam yang belum tereksplorasi untuk antijamur adalah biji pepaya varietas bangkok. Biji pepaya selama ini lebih banyak menjadi limbah organik. Oleh karena hal tersebut, tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji aktivitas antijamur dari ekstrak biji pepaya bangkok (Carica papaya L.). Jamur yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah Candida albicans dan Cryptococcus neoformans. Metode yang digunakan adalah perhitungan zona hambat pada sumur di cawan petri. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat zona hambat pada media yang terdapat C. albicans dan C. neoformans.  Dapat disimpulkan, ekstrak biji papaya tidak memiliki aktivitas antijamur terhadap kedua jamur tersebut. \u0000Kata kunci: Pepaya bangkok, Antijamur, Bahan alam \u0000Abstract \u0000Candida sp. and Cryptococcus sp. are opportunistic fungi that can be fatal disease in humans if not treated properly. However, resistance of antifungal drugs have been emerged, therefore limit their benefit for therapy. Many natural products in Indonesia have potential to be established for new antifungal drugs that have high effectiveness, minimal side effects, and inexpensive. Papaya bangkok seed has not been explored for its antifungal activity. This seed become more organic waste. The aim of this study was to test antifungal activity of various papaya bangkok seed extract concentrations. We measured the inhibiton zone of papaya extract to Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans. Result showed no inhibition zone for each seed extract concentrations. Papaya bangkok seed extract has not antifungal activity. \u0000Keywords: Papaya bangkok, antifungal, natural product","PeriodicalId":308481,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Kedokteran UKI","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121405507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Annona muricate Extract on Short Chain Fatty Acid Level of Colorectal Cancer Patients","authors":"Lili Indrawati, Purwantyastuti, M. Abdullah, I. Surono","doi":"10.33541/mk.v36i1.2985","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33541/mk.v36i1.2985","url":null,"abstract":"Annona muricata leaves contains phytochemical substances, such as alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, saponins, anthraquinones and cardiac glycosides, ellagic acid, triterpenoids, β- sitosterol. Polyphenols are considered to be potential in providing health benefits via modulation the gut microecology. Alteration of the gut microbiota composition can be achieved by consuming of flavonol-rich foods that exerting prebiotic-like effects. Short chain fatty acids (SCFA) that are produced from highly fermentable fibers is considered to be protective against colon cancer. Subjects were assigned consecutively into two group: ethanolic extract of A. muricata, and maltose as placebo. Ssupplementation was conducted for 8 weeks in a capsule. SCFA level assessment was conducted at baseline and the end of the study period. Gas liquid chromatography was used to determine concentration of butyrate. Fiber intake was measured using food record.  Concentrations of fecal butyrate levelwas not significantly different between Fraction of A. muricata water extract that is soluble in ethanol (FAMSE) and placebo (p=0.854). Level of others SCFA were also not significantly different. The low fiberintakeisconsistent with the finding on fecal butyrate concentration, as shown by no significant increase in both groups. There is no statistically significant effect of supplementation with ethanol-soluble fraction of A muricata leaves water extract on fecal SCFA level of colo rectal cancer (CRC) patients, andin line with fiber intake below recommended daily allowance throughout the study period. \u0000Keywords: phytochemical substances, fiber intake, gut microbiota \u0000Abstrak \u0000Daun sirsak (Annona muricata) mengandung senyawa fitokimia seperti alkaloid, tanin, flavonoid, saponin, antraquinon, cardiac glycosides, ellagic acid, triterpenoid, dan β-sitosterol. Polifenol memiliki potensi yang baik dalam kesehatan dengan cara memodulasi mikro-ekologi usus. Komposisi microbiota usus dapat berubah  dengan cara mengkonsumsi makanan yang banyak mengandung flavonol yang memberikan efek seperti prebiotik. Asam lemak rantai pendek yang dihasilkan dari fermentasi tinggi serat dapat mencegah terjadinya kanker kolon. Subyek penelitian dibagi menjadi dua kelompok secara berurutan, yaitu ekstrak etanol Annonamuricata dan maltosa sebagai plasebo. Pemberian suplemen dilakukan selama 8 minggu dalam bentuk kapsul. Pengukuran kadar asam lemak rantai pendek dilakukan pada awal dan akhir masa studi ini. Pengukuran kadar asam butirat dilakukan dengan kromatografi gas. Asupan serat diukur berdasarkan catatan makanan. Konsentrasi kadar asam butirat pada feses tidak berbeda signifikan dengan fraksi ekstrak air Annona muricata yang larut di dalam etanol dan plasebo (p=0.854). Kadar dari asam lemak rantai pendek lainnya juga tidak berbeda nyata. Asupan serat yang rendah sejalan dengan pengukuran kadar asam butirat di feses yang menunjukkan tidak ada peningkatan secara signifikan pada kedua kelompok. Tidak terdapat pengar","PeriodicalId":308481,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Kedokteran UKI","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124613920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sindrom McCune Albright Dengan Manifestasi Fraktur Berulang","authors":"Ruth Nadya, Frida Soesanti","doi":"10.33541/mk.v36i1.2989","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33541/mk.v36i1.2989","url":null,"abstract":"Abstrak \u0000Sindrom McCune-Albright (SMA) merupakan kelainan genetik kompleks yang ditandai dengan trias displasia fibrosa poliostotik, café-au-lait, dan hiperfungsi endokrin. Sindrom ini termasuk penyakit langka dengan prevalens sebesar 1 per 100.000 hingga 1.000.000 populasi. Mutasi somatik sporadik gen GNAS (Guanine Nucleotide binding protein Alpha Stimulating) pada kromosom 20q13, yang terjadi pada sindrom ini, mengakibatkan aktivasi G protein α-subunit (Gsα) berkepanjangan yang meningkatkan aktivitas dan fungsi sel terkait. Manifestasi tersering yang ditemukan pada pasien adalah displasia fibrosa (pada 98% kasus). Kasus adalah seorang anak lelaki, 10 tahun, dengan manifestasi fraktur berulang sejak usia 1 tahun dan deformitas tulang. Pemeriksaan bone survey menunjukkan gambaran ground glass dengan lesi litik-sklerotik pada hampir semua tulang yang sesuai dengan displasia fibrosa poliostotik. Pasien ditata laksana dengan pemberian sediaan fosfat, kalsium, serta vitamin D dalam bentuk aktif dan analog. Pemberian bisfosfonat bertujuan untuk mengurangi nyeri tulang dan risiko fraktur pada pasien. Pemantauan berkelanjutan diperlukan untuk mengevaluasi keterlibatan organ endokrin pada pasien dengan SMA. \u0000 Kata kunci: displasia fibrosa, fraktur, sindrom McCune Albright \u0000Abstract \u0000McCune-Albright syndrome (MAS) is a rare complex genetic disorder marked by the triad of polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, café-au-lait and endocrine hyperfunction, affecting 1 in 100.000 to 1.000.000 population. The sporadic somatic mutation of Guanine Nucleotide Binding Protein Alpha Stimulating (GNAS) gene at chromosome 20q13 is the proposed cause of this syndrome, triggering the prolonged activation of  G protein α-subunit (Gsα), which increases the activity and function of cells. The most common clinical manifestation is fibrous dysplasia, occurring in 98% cases. This case occurred in a 10-year-old boy with recurrent fractures since the age of 1-year-old and skeletal deformities. The bone survey examination shows ground glass appearance with multiple sclerotic-lytic lesions on almost every bone, accordingly to the polyostotic fibrous dysplasia. The pasien has been treated with oral phosphate, calcium and vitamin D. Intravenous bisphosphonates was administered to relieve the associated bone pain and reduce the risk of recurring fractures. Longitudinal observation is necessary for a long term monitoring to evaluate the endocrinopathy associated with MAS. \u0000 Keywords: fibrous dysplasia, fractures, McCune-Albright syndrome,","PeriodicalId":308481,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Kedokteran UKI","volume":"134 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132123279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laju Filtrasi Glomerulus pada Anak: Metode Apa yang Digunakan?","authors":"Nitish Basant Adnani, Sudung O. Pardede","doi":"10.33541/mk.v36i1.2990","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33541/mk.v36i1.2990","url":null,"abstract":"Abstrak \u0000Laju filtrasi glomerulus (LFG) adalah kecepatan filtrasi volume plasma melalui ginjal per unit waktu per luas permukaan tubuh (LPB) dan merupakan salah satu indikator utama untuk pemantauan fungsi ginjal. Standar baku emas untuk menentukan LFG saat ini adalah dengan menghitung klirens inulin ginjal. Akan tetapi, karena prosedur tersebut dinilai kompleks, maka klirens inulin tidak digunakan dalam praktik klinik. Estimasi LFG menggunakan penanda eksogen lainnya seperti kreatinin serum dan sistatin C merupakan pilihan praktis yang dapat menggantikan perhitungan klirens inulin ginjal. Penentuan LFG pada anak berbeda dengan pada dewasa karena tidak mudah mengumpulkan urin per hari pada anak, sehingga diperlukan formula untuk mempermudah menentukan LFG. Berbagai peneliti telah melakukan penelitian untuk menemukan rumus untuk menentukan LFG dengan mudah dan praktis. Pemeriksaan LFG biasanya dilakukan berbasis klirens kreatinin dan belakangan ini dilakukan degan pemeriksaan sistatin C. Beberapa penanda yang digunakan untuk pengukuran LFG antara lain zat radiofarmaka seperti chromium 51-labeled ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (51Cr-EDTA), technetium 99-labeled diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (99mTc-DTPA), iodine 125-labeled iothalamate (125I-iothalamate), dan zat kontras radiografik. Dari berbagai rumus estimasi LFG, salah satu yang kini direkomendasikan untuk digunakan pada praktik klinis sehari-hari adalah rumus Schwartz yang dimodifikasi, karena dinilai sederhana, relatif akurat, tidak invasif, dan tidak membutuhkan biaya yang mahal. \u0000 Kata kunci: laju filtrasi glomerulus, penyakit ginjal pada anak, kreatinin, sistatin C \u0000Abstract \u0000Glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which represents the plasma volume filtered through the kidney for each time unit and body surface area (BSA) unit, is one of the main indicators for renal function. The current gold standard for determining GFR is by calculating the renal inulin clearance. However, because this involves a complex procedure, inulin clrearance was not used in clinical practice. GFR estimation using other exogenous markers such as serum creatinine and cystatin C can be considered as practical alternatives.  Determining GFR in children is difference with in adult because difficulty of 24 hours urine collection in children, so iti is needed a simple formula for determining GFR. Some researchers performed studies for determining easy and practical formula. GFR examinations usually based on creatinine clearance and nowadays by cyatatin C examination. Some markers are used in measuring of GFR such as chromium 51-labeled ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (51Cr-EDTA), technetium 99-labeled diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (99mTc-DTPA), iodine 125-labeled iothalamate (125I-iothalamate), and radiographic contrast. Among the various existing formulas to estimate GFR, one of the most commonly recommended in daily clinical practice is the modified Schwartz formula, as it is thought to be simple, relatively acc","PeriodicalId":308481,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Kedokteran UKI","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127313298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uji Efektivitas Ekstrak Biji Kakao (Theobroma Cacao L.) Sebagai Antibakteri Dalam Berbagai Konsentrasi pada Streptococcus Pyogenes","authors":"Dameria Pohan, Angela P Kakerissa, Evy S. Arodes","doi":"10.33541/mk.v36i1.2986","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33541/mk.v36i1.2986","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRAK \u0000Biji kakao adalah buah yang dikenal sejak dahulu sebagai buah yang memiliki peran penting dalam bidang kesehatan, salah satunya sebagai antibakteri. Biji kakao mengandung senyawa flavonoid, tanin, dan alkaloid yang memiliki efek antimikroba. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui efektivitas ekstrak biji kakao terhadap bakteri Streptococcus pyogenes, yaitu dengan cara mengukur zona hambat menggunakan metode difusi Kirby-Beuer dengan konsentrasi ekstrak biji kakao 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% dan 100%. Hasil penelitian menunjukan ekstrak biji kakao dapat efektif memberikan efek antibakteri mulai dari konsentrasi terkecil 20% dengan rata-rata diameter zona hambat 8.07 mm sampai konsentrasi terbesar 100% dengan rata-rata diameter zona hambat 10.98 mm. Sedangkan rata-rata diameter zona hambat antibiotik Ampisilin sebagai kontrol (+) lebih besar dari konsentrasi ekstrak biji kakao. Berdasarkan data tersebut dapat disimpulkan ekstrak biji kakao dapat efektif menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Streptococcus pyogenes \u0000 Kata kunci: Kirby-Bauer, Zona Hambat, Antimikroba \u0000ABSTRACT \u0000Cocoa Seed is a fruit that has been known for a long time as a fruit that has an important role in health, which is as an antibacterial. Cocoa seeds contain a high composition of flavonoids, tannins, and alkaloids which have antimicrobial effects. The aim of this research was to study the effect of cocoa seed extracts against Streptococcus pyogenes, by measuring the inhibition zone using the Kirby-Bauer diffusion method using concentrations of cocoa seed extract 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100%. The results showed that chocolate seed extract could effectively provide an antibacterial effect ranging from a concentration of 20% with an average diameter of inhibition zone of 8.07 mm to the largest concentration of 100% with an average zone diameter of inhibition of 10.98 mm. While the average diameter of the inhibitory zone of antibiotic ampicillin as a control (+) is greater than the concentration of cocoa seed extract. Based on these data, it can be concluded that cocoa seed extract can effectively inhibit the growth of Streptococcus pyogenes. \u0000Keywords: Kirby-Bauer, Inhibitory zone, Antimicrobial","PeriodicalId":308481,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Kedokteran UKI","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124054717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of GAD65 Autoantibodies in the development of Type-1 Diabetes","authors":"S. Prasetyo","doi":"10.33541/mk.v36i3.3363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33541/mk.v36i3.3363","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractThe finding of the autoantibodies to islet cells (ICAs) in type-1 diabetes patients is important for developing the fine tuning of individualized therapy. Antibody to Glutamate decarboxylase 2 (GAD65Ab) is the most reliable sign, since it has the most stable sensitivity as diagnostic tool for detecting type-1diabetes. As a key enzyme in gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) synthesis, GAD65 damage caused by GAD65 antibodies (GAD65Abs) would lead to decrease in the amount of GABA vesicles released by b-cells. Decrease of GAD65 induced by GAD65Ab may endanger the paracrine or autocrine function of GABA, that mediated by γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptors (GABAAR) would depolarized the b-cells. The depolarization then increases intracellular Calsium (Ca2+) concentration that is needed for insulin release. The effect of GABA on b-cells is also important for proliferation and anti-apoptosis of b-cells. Moreover, decrease in GABA release also impairs the inhibiting effect of GABA on T-cell proliferation and inflammatory cytokines release that may end up with escalation of GAD65 damage.Keywords: Type-1 diabetes, autoantibody, GAD65Peran Autoantibodi GAD65 dalam Perkembangan Diabetes Tipe-1AbstractPenemuan autoantibodi terhadap sel pulau atau islet cells (ICA) pada pasien diabetes tipe-1 penting untuk mengembangkan penyesuaian terapi individual. Antibodi terhadap Glutamat dekarboksilase 2 (GAD65Ab) adalah tanda yang paling dapat diandalkan, karena memiliki sensitivitas yang paling stabil sebagai alat diagnostik untuk mendeteksi diabetes tipe-1. Sebagai enzim kunci dalam sintesis asam gamma-aminobutirat (GABA), kerusakan GAD65 yang disebabkan oleh antibodi GAD65 (GAD65Abs) akan menyebabkan penurunan jumlah vesikel GABA yang dilepaskan oleh sel. Penurunan GAD65 yang diinduksi oleh GAD65Ab dapat membahayakan fungsi parakrin atau autokrin GABA, yang dimediasi oleh reseptor asam γ-aminobutirat tipe A (GABAAR) akan mendepolarisasi sel. Depolarisasi kemudian meningkatkan konsentrasi kalsium (Ca2+) intraseluler yang diperlukan untuk pelepasan insulin. Efek GABA pada sel beta juga penting untuk proliferasi dan anti-apoptosis sel beta. Selain itu, penurunan pelepasan GABA juga merusak efek penghambatan GABA pada proliferasi sel T dan pelepasan sitokin inflamasi yang mungkin berakhir dengan peningkatan kerusakan GAD65.Kata kunci: Diabetes tipe-1, autoantibodi, GAD65","PeriodicalId":308481,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Kedokteran UKI","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127247513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}