{"title":"Marine Observation Network based on Underwater Vehicles","authors":"S. Li, Jiancheng Yu, Yiping Li, Yu Tian","doi":"10.1145/2671490.2676779","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2671490.2676779","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, ocean observation is developing from using a single underwater sensor node to employing underwater sensor networks consisting of multiple sensor platforms. Underwater vehicles including underwater gilders and autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) are important underwater mobile sensor platforms in ocean observation networks. For ocean observation and networking applications, Shenyang Institute of Automaton (SIA), Chinese Academy of Sciences, has developed a number of underwater vehicles including AUVs and underwater gliders. This paper presents existing and future research efforts in SIA centered around the development, testing, and applications of SIA's underwater vehicles in ocean observations and mobile marine sensor networks.","PeriodicalId":308192,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Underwater Networks & Systems","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121122162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cooperative Behaviours of AUV Teams and Networked Underwater Communication: How to Ask the Way and Not Go Astray","authors":"A. Caiti","doi":"10.1145/2671490.2676778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2671490.2676778","url":null,"abstract":"Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) cooperating in underwater task as a team are the forefront technological challenge in marine robotics. The mutual influence of cooperative algorithms and networking communication schemes is discussed, with examples from experimental tests and possibilities and opportunities for future developments.","PeriodicalId":308192,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Underwater Networks & Systems","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116534052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Busy Terminal Problem and Implications for MAC Protocols in Underwater Acoustic Networks","authors":"Yibo Zhu, Jun-hong Cui, Zheng Peng, Zhong Zhou","doi":"10.1145/2671490.2674593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2671490.2674593","url":null,"abstract":"In half-duplex underwater acoustic networks, MAC protocols usually assume packet transmissions can interrupt packet receptions so that the exposed terminal problem can be easily handled and system performance is improved. In practice, however, an acoustic modem cannot be interrupted at will when it is transmitting or receiving. In other words, the modem cannot transmit packets when it is busy. This problem is referred to as the \"busy terminal problem\". In underwater environments, the low transmission rates of acoustic modems result in excessive long transmission time which makes the busy terminal problem more severe. As a result, the modem frequently appears to be too busy to transmit newly arrived packets. This would significantly alter packet sending patterns, which may affect collision behaviors in underwater MAC protocols. To better study the busy terminal problem, we theoretically model its impact on successful transmission probability in multi-hop underwater acoustic networks with long propagation delays. Extensive simulations show that the proposed model can effectively characterize how the busy terminal problem affects collision behaviors.","PeriodicalId":308192,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Underwater Networks & Systems","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130474214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Real-time Video Streaming from Mobile Underwater Sensors","authors":"Seongwon Han, Roy Chen, Youngtae Noh, M. Gerla","doi":"10.1145/2671490.2674582","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2671490.2674582","url":null,"abstract":"Underwater sensor networking is generally regarded as an emerging technology to conduct oceanic exploration and research in an automated and effective manner. As underwater operations become more sophisticated, there is an increasing demand for real-time video streaming. However, real-time video streaming requires high bandwidth as well as low latency. Amongst the resources, bandwidth is the most critical limitation. To help overcome this obstacle, we propose a hybrid solution that combines acoustic and optical communications. Optics provides good quality real time video. Acoustic maintains a \"thin\" channel for network topology and transmission control, and for still frame video delivery when the optical channel fails. In particular, we enable optical communications by acoustic-assisted alignment and use acoustic communications as a back up when the optical signal is interrupted. The main contribution is to enable reliable, real-time video streaming without underwater optical cables. Another important contribution is the smooth transition between the acoustic and optical video delivery mode, using popular image processing algorithms to compress the video before transmitting it on the acoustic channel.","PeriodicalId":308192,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Underwater Networks & Systems","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134014569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Framework of Acoustic Channel Availability Prediction for Avoiding Interfering Marine Mammals","authors":"Wei Cheng, Yu Luo, Zheng Peng, M. Hastings","doi":"10.1145/2671490.2674595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2671490.2674595","url":null,"abstract":"This extended abstract briefly introduces our idea of studying channel availability prediction method to chose acoustic channels smartly for green underwater communications. The ultimate goal of the research is to avoid the interference caused by man-made noise to marine mammals. Specifically, we analyze the necessity and the advantage of utilizing prediction abased method for protecting marine mammals from acoustic modem communications. We also propose a stopping theory based prediction framework. The future work for evaluating the performance of the proposed work are elaborated as well.","PeriodicalId":308192,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Underwater Networks & Systems","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131866763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Emrecan Demirors, George Sklivanitis, G. Santagati, T. Melodia, S. Batalama
{"title":"Design of A Software-defined Underwater Acoustic Modem with Real-time Physical Layer Adaptation Capabilities","authors":"Emrecan Demirors, George Sklivanitis, G. Santagati, T. Melodia, S. Batalama","doi":"10.1145/2671490.2674473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2671490.2674473","url":null,"abstract":"This article describes the design of a custom software-defined modem with adaptive physical layer for underwater acoustic (UWA) communications. The modem consists of a commercial software-defined radio (SDR) interfaced with a wideband acoustic transducer through amplifying circuitry. With this custom-built platform, we focus on the unique physical layer challenges of the underwater acoustic channel to demonstrate the benefits of real-time adaptation in such rapidly varying environments. We first focus on an Orthogonal-Frequency-Division-Multiplexing (OFDM) transmission scheme. In particular, for the forward link, we consider and implement a high-data rate Zero-Padded OFDM (ZP--OFDM) physical layer with a superimposed convolutional error-correction coding scheme. ZP--OFDM offers high re-configurability in terms of number of OFDM subcarriers, modulation type (e.g., BPSK, QPSK), and error-correction coding rate. Real-time adaptation at the transmitter is achieved through a robust feedback link based on a binary chirp spread-spectrum modulation (B-CSS). We demonstrate that joint real-time adaptation of system parameters such as modulation constellation and channel coding rate leads to significant data rate increase under preset bit-error-rate (BER) constraints. Moreover, in the same context, we present for the first time a seamless switch of our SDR transmitter between different signaling technologies such as OFDM and direct-sequence spread-spectrum (DS-SS).","PeriodicalId":308192,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Underwater Networks & Systems","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115017103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"M-ary Code Shift Keying Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum with Gold Sequence Using in Underwater Acoustic Communication","authors":"ZongXin Sun, Gang Qiao, Yang Yu","doi":"10.1145/2671490.2674942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2671490.2674942","url":null,"abstract":"Owing to its anti-noise and anti-fading abilities, spread spectrum communication is widely applied in the underwater acoustic (UWA) field. But the data rate of the Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) is very low, and cannot meet the needs of long-range UWA communication at present. This paper proposes a method, named M-ary CSK-DS, which combines M-ary DSSS schemes with code shift keying (CSK). Gold sequences, as the basic sequences, occupy a fine periodic auto correlation function (PACF), a periodic cross correlation function (PCCF) and a large code set size. This method utilizes sequence information, code phase information, and polarity information. The influence of PACF and PCCF on the proposed method is analyzed over the AWGN and UWA channels. The performance of M-ary CSK-DS is evaluated through simulation over AWGN and UWA channels. The results show that M-ary CSK-DS is superior to the conventional methods. In the last part of this paper, an experiment demonstrates the correctness of the simulation.","PeriodicalId":308192,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Underwater Networks & Systems","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130963454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Distributed Beamforming for Underwater Sensor Networks","authors":"Yonggang Kim, Hyuk Lim","doi":"10.1145/2671490.2674588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2671490.2674588","url":null,"abstract":"We propose a binary-feedback-based distributed beamforming for underwater sensor networks (UWSNs). Distributed beamforming is a technique that enables distributed sensor nodes to cooperatively transmit signals in order to improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). One of the simple and scalable distributed beamforming techniques is the binary-feedback-based distributed beamforming. Each node independently and randomly adjusts its phase according to the binary feedback from a receiver. In this paper, a modified binary-feedback-based distributed beamforming is applied to a UWSN with harsh channel characteristics to expedite phase convergence. The proposed algorithm adaptively narrows down or extends the phase-selection range over time depending on both the previous phase selections and newly received feedbacks.","PeriodicalId":308192,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Underwater Networks & Systems","volume":"115 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116500459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Efficient Heuristic Scheduling with Partial Queue and Channel State Information","authors":"B. Tomasi, J. Preisig","doi":"10.1145/2671490.2674592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2671490.2674592","url":null,"abstract":"The performance of underwater acoustic communications is heavily taxed by scarce bandwidth and long propagation delays. Furthermore, transmitting is the most energy consuming activity of an acoustic modem. For these reasons, we have focused on the problem of scheduling efficiently transmissions in the context of a delay constrained traffic as typical for surveillance and monitoring applications.","PeriodicalId":308192,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Underwater Networks & Systems","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114676451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Carroll, Katherine Domrese, Hao Zhou, Shengli Zhou, P. Willett
{"title":"Localization of Mobile Nodes in an Underwater Distributed Antenna System","authors":"P. Carroll, Katherine Domrese, Hao Zhou, Shengli Zhou, P. Willett","doi":"10.1145/2671490.2674581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2671490.2674581","url":null,"abstract":"In this short paper, we look at a real-world implementation of an algorithm to enhance localization of a moving object in an underwater distributed antenna system. We utilize OFDM modems which are capable of estimating the Doppler shift of a message when it is received and combine this with a time-difference-of-arrival (TDOA) estimate. This combination serves to both enhance the position estimate and provide an accurate estimate of the velocity of the mobile network element, thus providing a full-state point estimate. A Kalman Filter (KF) is implemented to compare the accuracy of the full-state and position-only estimates. Basic simulations show that the full-state estimate provides an improvement, and this is verified using data from several pool tests.","PeriodicalId":308192,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Underwater Networks & Systems","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133914488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}