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Mayo Clinic Critical and Neurocritical Care Board Review最新文献

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Vascular Emergencies of the Aorta 主动脉血管急症
Mayo Clinic Critical and Neurocritical Care Board Review Pub Date : 2019-09-01 DOI: 10.1093/MED/9780190862923.003.0032
T. Almerey, January F Moore, H. Farres
{"title":"Vascular Emergencies of the Aorta","authors":"T. Almerey, January F Moore, H. Farres","doi":"10.1093/MED/9780190862923.003.0032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MED/9780190862923.003.0032","url":null,"abstract":"Many serious conditions require emergent vascular intervention, but the most challenging conditions that typically require admission to an intensive care unit are ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and acute aortic syndrome (ie, aortic dissection, intramural hematoma, and penetrating ulcers).","PeriodicalId":308040,"journal":{"name":"Mayo Clinic Critical and Neurocritical Care Board Review","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127908120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Renal Function in Critically Ill Patients 危重病人的肾功能
Mayo Clinic Critical and Neurocritical Care Board Review Pub Date : 2019-09-01 DOI: 10.1093/MED/9780190862923.003.0005
P. Guru
{"title":"Renal Function in Critically Ill Patients","authors":"P. Guru","doi":"10.1093/MED/9780190862923.003.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MED/9780190862923.003.0005","url":null,"abstract":"Renal function serves as a window into the homeostasis of internal organs, and multiple organ system failure can occur in critically ill patients irrespective of the initial site of insult. Therefore, essential knowledge of renal pathophysiology is crucial in the diagnostic approach and management of critically ill patients. Close interaction between the kidney and other vital organs such as the heart, lungs, and brain is primarily responsible for the morbidity and mortality among critically ill patients. Pathologic renal changes can manifest in various conditions, such as acute kidney injury (AKI), chronic kidney disease, glomerulonephritis, fluid-electrolyte imbalances, and nephrotic syndrome.","PeriodicalId":308040,"journal":{"name":"Mayo Clinic Critical and Neurocritical Care Board Review","volume":"446 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131705028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Intracranial Pressure Monitoring and External Ventricular Drainage 颅内压监测和外心室引流
Mayo Clinic Critical and Neurocritical Care Board Review Pub Date : 2019-09-01 DOI: 10.1093/MED/9780190862923.003.0125
M. Babu, J. Atkinson
{"title":"Intracranial Pressure Monitoring and External Ventricular Drainage","authors":"M. Babu, J. Atkinson","doi":"10.1093/MED/9780190862923.003.0125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MED/9780190862923.003.0125","url":null,"abstract":"Several studies have shown that increased ICP has been associated with poor neurologic outcomes. Management of elevated ICP can improve neurologic outcomes and influence medical and surgical therapy, and accurate recording of ICP is helpful in assessing a patient’s clinical status. Currently, the 2 most common forms of monitoring ICP involve 1) placement of a fiberoptic or strain gauge intraparenchymal monitor or 2) placement of a ventricular drain.","PeriodicalId":308040,"journal":{"name":"Mayo Clinic Critical and Neurocritical Care Board Review","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120994441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Ethical Concerns and Care Before Organ Donation 器官捐献前的伦理关怀
Mayo Clinic Critical and Neurocritical Care Board Review Pub Date : 2019-09-01 DOI: 10.1093/MED/9780190862923.003.0142
D. McLaughlin, L. Tucker
{"title":"Ethical Concerns and Care Before Organ Donation","authors":"D. McLaughlin, L. Tucker","doi":"10.1093/MED/9780190862923.003.0142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MED/9780190862923.003.0142","url":null,"abstract":"Organ donation usually proceeds smoothly and compassionately without raising any ethical concerns, and the involved family members are usually very satisfied. When concerns do arise, they typically involve 3 issues: consent for organ donation, critical care of the potential organ donor with brain death, and donation after cardiac death.","PeriodicalId":308040,"journal":{"name":"Mayo Clinic Critical and Neurocritical Care Board Review","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114773097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Rapidly Progressive Dementia and Coma 快速进行性痴呆和昏迷
Mayo Clinic Critical and Neurocritical Care Board Review Pub Date : 2019-09-01 DOI: 10.1093/MED/9780190862923.003.0101
Prasuna Kamireddi, Jason L. Siegel, D. Dickson
{"title":"Rapidly Progressive Dementia and Coma","authors":"Prasuna Kamireddi, Jason L. Siegel, D. Dickson","doi":"10.1093/MED/9780190862923.003.0101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MED/9780190862923.003.0101","url":null,"abstract":"In most patients with dementia, the clinical signs and symptoms progress gradually over many years. However, neurointensivists may encounter patients who have rapidly progressive dementia (RPD). Often these patients need to be admitted to the intensive care unit for management of status epilepticus, agitation, or ventilation in coma. Although the prototype of RPD is Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, this chapter reviews other common causes of RPD. An established definition of RPD does not exist, but in this chapter RPD refers to the loss of more than 1 cognitive domain and functional ability, usually occurring over a few months.","PeriodicalId":308040,"journal":{"name":"Mayo Clinic Critical and Neurocritical Care Board Review","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122304848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Therapeutic Plasma Exchange for Acute Hematologic Disorders 血浆置换治疗急性血液病
Mayo Clinic Critical and Neurocritical Care Board Review Pub Date : 2019-09-01 DOI: 10.1093/MED/9780190862923.003.0056
J. Adamski
{"title":"Therapeutic Plasma Exchange for Acute Hematologic Disorders","authors":"J. Adamski","doi":"10.1093/MED/9780190862923.003.0056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MED/9780190862923.003.0056","url":null,"abstract":"Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) is a process by which whole blood is removed from a patient and separated into 3 components: red blood cells, white blood cells (buffy coat), and plasma. After separation, the plasma is discarded, and the other blood components are returned to the patient along with exogenous fluid to replace the removed plasma. TPE is an important tool to remove pathogenic substances (eg, antibodies) from plasma, and this technique is considered first-line therapy for numerous conditions that affect patients in the critical care unit. This chapter describes the role of TPE in management of hematologic disorders, some of which have neurologic manifestations.","PeriodicalId":308040,"journal":{"name":"Mayo Clinic Critical and Neurocritical Care Board Review","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122620597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Glycemic Control in Neurocritically Ill Patients 神经危重症患者血糖控制
Mayo Clinic Critical and Neurocritical Care Board Review Pub Date : 2019-09-01 DOI: 10.1093/MED/9780190862923.003.0037
Carla Venegas-Borsellino, M. Pizzi, Santiago Naranjo-Sierra
{"title":"Glycemic Control in Neurocritically Ill Patients","authors":"Carla Venegas-Borsellino, M. Pizzi, Santiago Naranjo-Sierra","doi":"10.1093/MED/9780190862923.003.0037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MED/9780190862923.003.0037","url":null,"abstract":"Hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, and variable blood glucose levels are associated with poor outcomes in critically ill patients. Patients with acute brain injury are sensitive to changes in glycemic levels because brain metabolism depends on a continuous, reliable supply of glucose. Numerous studies have shown that even moderate hypoglycemia may cause pronounced neuroglycopenia. Conversely hyperglycemia, which is prevalent in neurocritically ill patients, has been related to adverse outcomes after traumatic brain injury, ischemic stroke, intracranial hemorrhage, and subarachnoid hemorrhage.","PeriodicalId":308040,"journal":{"name":"Mayo Clinic Critical and Neurocritical Care Board Review","volume":"124 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122877436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Pulmonary Hypertension and Right-Sided Heart Failure in the Critically Ill 危重病人肺动脉高压与右侧心力衰竭
Mayo Clinic Critical and Neurocritical Care Board Review Pub Date : 2019-09-01 DOI: 10.1093/MED/9780190862923.003.0025
C. Burger
{"title":"Pulmonary Hypertension and Right-Sided Heart Failure in the Critically Ill","authors":"C. Burger","doi":"10.1093/MED/9780190862923.003.0025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MED/9780190862923.003.0025","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Pulmonary hypertension (PH) was defined hemodynamically at the Fifth World Symposium on Pulmonary Hypertension (WSPH) as a mean pulmonary artery (PA) pressure (mPAP) of 25 mm Hg or more. Five diagnostic groups represent the various causes of PH. Group 1 pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) requires both an elevated mPAP and a pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) of at least 3 Wood units; therefore, the left-sided heart filling pressures are not elevated (pulmonary arterial wedge pressure [PAWP] ≤15 mm Hg). Conversely, in group 2 PH, left-sided heart disease causes an elevation in PAWP. Group 3 PH is due to chronic hypoxemia typically from lung disease, group 4 PH is chronic thromboembolic PH, and group 5 PH is a miscellaneous category.","PeriodicalId":308040,"journal":{"name":"Mayo Clinic Critical and Neurocritical Care Board Review","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123420312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Brain Abscess and Spinal Epidural Abscess 脑脓肿和脊髓硬膜外脓肿
Mayo Clinic Critical and Neurocritical Care Board Review Pub Date : 2019-09-01 DOI: 10.1093/MED/9780190862923.003.0092
Selby G. Chen
{"title":"Brain Abscess and Spinal Epidural Abscess","authors":"Selby G. Chen","doi":"10.1093/MED/9780190862923.003.0092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MED/9780190862923.003.0092","url":null,"abstract":"Two infections of the brain are relatively common. Patients with brain abscess are often critically ill and have a high mortality rate. The reported incidence of brain abscesses ranges from 0.4 to 0.9 per 100,000 people. In contrast, spinal epidural abscess (SEA), an infection of the epidural space, has increased in incidence from approximately 0.2 to 1.2 per 10,000 hospital admissions in the mid-1970s to a currently estimated 2.0 to 12.5 per 10,000 admissions. Both disorders are now more easily detected with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and this has improved early management, but clinical recognition is still a challenge for many physicians.","PeriodicalId":308040,"journal":{"name":"Mayo Clinic Critical and Neurocritical Care Board Review","volume":"14 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115714716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Anticoagulation Monitoring and Reversal 抗凝监测和逆转
Mayo Clinic Critical and Neurocritical Care Board Review Pub Date : 2019-09-01 DOI: 10.1093/MED/9780190862923.003.0055
T. Kinard
{"title":"Anticoagulation Monitoring and Reversal","authors":"T. Kinard","doi":"10.1093/MED/9780190862923.003.0055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MED/9780190862923.003.0055","url":null,"abstract":"The balance of natural procoagulant and anticoagulant activity within the body is delicate, and a minor disruption may lead to bleeding or clotting complications. Anticoagulation in critical illness is often necessary for a host of reasons, either prophylactic or therapeutic. This chapter reviews common anticoagulation management issues in the critically ill patient, such as optimal laboratory monitoring of anticoagulation therapy and urgent reversal options, focusing on the most common anticoagulants used in current practice.","PeriodicalId":308040,"journal":{"name":"Mayo Clinic Critical and Neurocritical Care Board Review","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115283000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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