C. Farnell, Estefano Soria, Justin Jackson, H. Mantooth
{"title":"Cyber Protection of Grid-Connected Devices Through Embedded Online Security","authors":"C. Farnell, Estefano Soria, Justin Jackson, H. Mantooth","doi":"10.1109/DMC51747.2021.9529935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DMC51747.2021.9529935","url":null,"abstract":"Cybersecurity research regarding the electric power grid has primarily been focused on protecting the communication layer of grid-connected devices against cyber-attack threats. Although many developed methods have greatly reduced the effects of a cyber-attack on the vulnerabilities of grid-connected devices, discovering new vulnerabilities is inevitable and a constant threat. As a result, the overall reliability and security of network communications with regard to grid-connected devices is a concern. This paper proposes a method that further secures a system by focusing on the control and hardware layer of grid-connected devices. The device’s controller firmware will be validated and authenticated using integrated device emulation resources prior to being activated to control the grid-connected device. This verification process is performed while the controller is online and actively controlling power flows related to the device. Therefore, an attack to the system through a malicious firmware patch would be detected by the online security and rejected while safely maintaining continuous and stable control of the device. This method integrates the concepts of firmware hot-patching, digital twins, and active monitoring into an overall cybersecurity protection system.","PeriodicalId":306815,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Design Methodologies Conference (DMC)","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115951862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xinning Gao, Paul L. Evans, Mark C. Johnson, Ke Li
{"title":"Multi Expansion Point Reduced Order Modelling for Electromagnetic Design of Power Electronics","authors":"Xinning Gao, Paul L. Evans, Mark C. Johnson, Ke Li","doi":"10.1109/DMC51747.2021.9529950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DMC51747.2021.9529950","url":null,"abstract":"Modern power electronic systems operate with a trend of increasing speeds, voltage, power and temperature. In order to reduce the simulation time for electromagnetic(EM) modelling in power electronic systems, Model Order Reduction(MOR) technique is applied. The conventional MOR method uses a single expansion point at DC or 0Hz but this doesn’t give accurate results over a wide range of frequencies. In this work, a Krylov subspace based MOR technique method using multiple expansion points is introduced to accelerate the simulation. A test case will be given to demonstrate the application of multi-expansion point MOR method in EM modelling to evaluate multi-expansion point MOR compared with single point MOR in wide frequency range. Eigenvalue analysis will be illustrated to analysis the reason of the limitation of standard single-point MOR method.","PeriodicalId":306815,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Design Methodologies Conference (DMC)","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126364772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An N-port system model for multiwinding transformer based multilevel converters in DC-autotransformer configuration","authors":"F. Grimm, M. Baghdadi, R. Bucknall","doi":"10.1109/DMC51747.2021.9529928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DMC51747.2021.9529928","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a time-domain modelling approach for a multi-winding transformer-based multilevel DC/DC converter. Within previous research, multi-winding transformers have been modeled using cantilever models. These models, while simple, have no direct intuitive interpretation. Furthermore, they do not include currents circulating within each individual module and external load currents affecting only some of the modules at the same time. In this paper, a DC/DC converter model that includes the transformer as N-port network with magnetization and stray inductance and conduction losses is proposed. The model is verified using simulations showing both accurate predictions of both, circulating currents within each module and load currents affecting multiple modules.","PeriodicalId":306815,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Design Methodologies Conference (DMC)","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114978711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kyle J. Goodrick, Antuwon Butler, Thomas Byrd, D. Maksimović
{"title":"Machine Learning Estimators for Power Electronics Design and Optimization","authors":"Kyle J. Goodrick, Antuwon Butler, Thomas Byrd, D. Maksimović","doi":"10.1109/DMC51747.2021.9529937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DMC51747.2021.9529937","url":null,"abstract":"In the design and optimization of power electronics systems consisting of multiple converters, there is a need to characterize performance of a large number of available converter modules in order to determine the system performance characteristics such as efficiency or size. This characterization process can be computationally expensive, requiring multiple module-level design and optimization steps. Machine learning (ML) based estimators can be used to reduce the computational expense associated with dc-dc converter characterization. This paper compares ML techniques for generating dc-dc converter performance models and shows that random forest and gradient boosting techniques are capable of accurately predicting the performance of commercially available dc-dc converters. Test cases show that system optimization approaches using ML estimators can generate power electronics systems with Figure of Merit (FOM) expressed in terms of efficiency and size within 15% of systems designed using high fidelity but computationally expensive models.","PeriodicalId":306815,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Design Methodologies Conference (DMC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121333448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Santamargarita, G. Salinas, D. Molinero, E. Bueno, M. Vasić
{"title":"Trade-Off Between Accuracy and Computational Time for Magnetics Thermal Model Based on Artificial Neural Networks (ANN)","authors":"D. Santamargarita, G. Salinas, D. Molinero, E. Bueno, M. Vasić","doi":"10.1109/DMC51747.2021.9529932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DMC51747.2021.9529932","url":null,"abstract":"The thermal management of magnetic components for power electronics is crucial to ensure their reliability and for pushing the limits in terms of power density. In recent years, several studies have been carried out to obtain an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) that predicts the thermal behaviour of magnetic components removing the need to employ complex thermal models. These ANN were obtained from a dataset of multiple FEM simulations and, in order to speed up the process of building the dataset, different approaches are often used, which substantially reduce the accuracy of the ANN but it increases the speed of dataset generation. Therefore, it is an important task to know before generating the dataset which assumptions can be applied and how much error they will introduce in the ANN. This paper compare several traditionally used approaches for ANN generation and how they contributed to the error when forced convection is used, determining which approaches generate a higher error and the time saved from using those assumptions under certain boundary conditions. A new approach is also proposed for global fan modelling using only 2 variables.","PeriodicalId":306815,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Design Methodologies Conference (DMC)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124597190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fast and Accurate Electric Field Model for Optimizing the Insulation Design of Magnetic Devices","authors":"Bastian Korthauer, J. Biela","doi":"10.1109/DMC51747.2021.9529943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DMC51747.2021.9529943","url":null,"abstract":"A bottleneck in optimization procedures of magnetic components is the calculation of the electric field strength (e.g. for an optimized insulation design) since this is based either on a slow numerical field simulation or on rough approximations. Hence, a fast and accurate method for the electric field calculation in the winding window is crucial for a fast optimization process. This paper presents a novel electric field calculation method that combines a variable potential function with a Schwarz-Christoffel (SC) mapping. This leads to accurate results, that match Finite Element Method (FEM) simulations as close as 5 %. The proposed method is more than 200 times faster than FEM and robust against parameter changes.","PeriodicalId":306815,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Design Methodologies Conference (DMC)","volume":"219 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128173749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Placement and Routing for Power Module Layout","authors":"Tristan M. Evans, Yarui Peng, H. Mantooth","doi":"10.1109/DMC51747.2021.9529940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DMC51747.2021.9529940","url":null,"abstract":"PowerSynth is a tool for the generation and multi-objective optimization of power module layouts. However, this generation is limited to variations of the initial layout sketched by a designer. In an effort to provide a deeper and more thorough exploration of the resulting design space, this paper proposes a placement and routing methodology adapted from VLSI techniques to provide a more diverse set of starting point layouts for PowerSynth optimization through synthesis of a circuit netlist. An overview of this method is presented along with prototype results of a continuous, force-directed placement routine. This paper demonstrates the proposed design flow, including PowerSynth initial layout results.","PeriodicalId":306815,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Design Methodologies Conference (DMC)","volume":"221 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116001381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kevin Muñoz Barón, K. Sharma, M. Nitzsche, I. Kallfass
{"title":"Online Health Monitoring in Power Modules for Inverter Topologies using Isolated Parameter Acquisition","authors":"Kevin Muñoz Barón, K. Sharma, M. Nitzsche, I. Kallfass","doi":"10.1109/DMC51747.2021.9529946","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DMC51747.2021.9529946","url":null,"abstract":"This work presents a versatile acquisition method and hardware to the simultaneous measurement of several electrical parameters in power transistors employed in switched-mode converters. The setup takes into account that the reference potentials vary drastically and dynamically in bridge inverter circuits, depending on the switching state. Accurate acquisition of several electrical parameters of the device, such as the threshold voltage and the on-state resistance, is employed online by converting the measurements from analog to their corresponding digital values close to the transistors. The implementation of a differential transmission based on a 10Mbps asynchronous protocol and a bus system ensures a robust and performant relaying of the measurement data. Measurement results show that the proposed setup is capable of updating a supervisory system of new parameter values efficiently within one PWM cycle to allow an online adjustment and intervention in case of abnormalities. Furthermore, an example AC power cycling test shows how the quasi threshold voltage and on-state voltage varies within one cycle of 5s. Both show an expected change according to their temperature sensitivity in literature.","PeriodicalId":306815,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Design Methodologies Conference (DMC)","volume":"341 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126026781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Martin, Defrance Nicolas, Pace Loris, Okada Etienne, Duquesne Thierry, C. Emmanuel, Yvon Arnaud, Idir Nadir, De-Jaeger Jean-Claude
{"title":"Characterization and modeling of 650V GaN diodes for high frequency power conversion","authors":"D. Martin, Defrance Nicolas, Pace Loris, Okada Etienne, Duquesne Thierry, C. Emmanuel, Yvon Arnaud, Idir Nadir, De-Jaeger Jean-Claude","doi":"10.1109/DMC51747.2021.9529931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DMC51747.2021.9529931","url":null,"abstract":"The constant growth of electric consumption leads to considerable progress in power conversion. Recent studies have shown that using Gallium Nitride (GaN) as a technological building bloc permits to develop converter operating at high frequency with reduced volume and weight. Furthermore, it is conceivable the monolithic co-integration of devices towards full-GaN switching cells. Therefore, characterization of GaN power devices is needed to provide accurate models in a wide frequency band in order to design new generations of converters. An innovative modeling method for GaN High Electron Mobility Transistor (HEMT) power transistors based on the use of Scattering parameters (S-parameters) and small-signal equivalent circuit was recently developed and validated in previous studies. Meanwhile, the demand concerning GaN diodes increases, pushing forward the need for dedicated electric model. Through S-parameters, current-voltage and current-collapse measurements, this paper presents the characterization of packaged GaN diodes with the aim to establish an accurate nonlinear model. The analyzed devices are still in the development phase, but initial results are very promising and get close to commercial SiC diodes available on the market.","PeriodicalId":306815,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Design Methodologies Conference (DMC)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121943683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm Methodology for the Design of Standalone Energy Systems","authors":"M. Virgili, Andrew J. Forysth, P. James","doi":"10.1109/DMC51747.2021.9529939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DMC51747.2021.9529939","url":null,"abstract":"This work proposes a design methodology to optimize multiple design metrics of a stand-alone PV/battery system at the same time. The relevance of each objective can be adjusted by the designer and this paper explores the correlations among them. An application example is proposed, where the objectives are the minimization of investment and operational cost, with a boundary set on the energy availability granted by the system. There are six variables, representing the size of the generation, storage, and power conversion elements, as well as the converters. The example design is repeated with two battery types, lead-acid and Li-ion. The use of a genetic algorithm (GA) reduces the computational load, allowing the quick execution of several optimizations with different settings. In the example of application, the proposed methodology showed almost identical results to a brute force search, but carrying out about 85% less iterations. Furthermore, the results highlighted the major role of the operational cost in standalone systems, as well as the correlation between this parameter and energy availability.","PeriodicalId":306815,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Design Methodologies Conference (DMC)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125581816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}