{"title":"Die Schule Konons: Karrieren athenischer Feldherren am Beginn des 4. Jahrhunderts","authors":"Alexander Schachner","doi":"10.7146/CLASSICAETMEDIAEVALIA.V67I0.111769","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/CLASSICAETMEDIAEVALIA.V67I0.111769","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000This paper explores the early careers of both Chabrias and Iphicrates in an attempt to demonstrate some striking similarities in their conduct during the Corinthian War. Taking into account their role in military operations as well as their relationship to Conon and their social origins, it will become apparent that they did not hold any Athenian office over the course of this conflict. Both were mercenary leaders whose military successes subsequently allowed them to advance to the highest echelons of Athenian society. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":306790,"journal":{"name":"Classica et Mediaevalia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132054501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Only Greeks at the Olympics? Reconsidering the Rule against Non-Greeks at 'Panhellenic' Games","authors":"Sofie Remijsen","doi":"10.7146/classicaetmediaevalia.v67i0.111033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/classicaetmediaevalia.v67i0.111033","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000This paper argues that the so-called “Panhellenic” games never knew a rule excluding non-Greeks from participation. The idea that such a rule existed has been accepted since the nineteenth century, when the idea of nationality played a much stronger role in the understanding of Greekness. Recent scholarship on Greek identity and ethnicity has shown that these were flexible and consta ntly renegotiated concepts and that the shared culture performed and the networks formed at sanctuaries and games played an important role in this negotiation process. Not only can the role of Olympia and other sanctuaries in the formation of Greek identit y now be understood without having recourse to a rule of exclusion, the flexible nature of identity also would have made it virtually impossible to the implement such a rule. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000The paper starts by reconsidering the well - known episode about Alexander I at Olympia – the central source text for the supposed rule – and addresses some common assumptions about the role of the hellanodikai . It is argued that this source, while offering insights in to the ethnic discourse of the fifth century BC, does not actually pro ve the existence of a general rule against the participation of non-Greeks. Section two surveys the evidence for admission procedures at major agones , including the admission of boys and the exclusion of slaves. The registration of polis citizenship, often assumed to be connected to the requirement of being Greek, will be addressed in more detail in section three, which will argue that such a registration was an innovation of the Roman period, and did not aim at the limitation of admission for ideological r easons. Section four illustrates, by means of a passage from Polybius, how tensions about ethnicity could still be projected on the Olympics despite their inclusive nature. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":306790,"journal":{"name":"Classica et Mediaevalia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134311463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Note on the Theiasmos of Nicias in Thucydides","authors":"N. Marinatos","doi":"10.7146/classicaetmediaevalia.v70i.128156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/classicaetmediaevalia.v70i.128156","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000Thucydides criticises Nicias for being too partial to divination (7.50.4). It is suggested here through the examination of the linguistic nuances of θειασμός and the verb προσκείμενος, that Thucydides assessed him negatively primarily because he took the side of the army-seers. Yet, this criticism ought not to be blown out of proportion. Thucydides’ portrait differs significantly from Plutarch’s who describes Nicias as a diffident man easily gripped by fear and addicted to prophecies. Consequently, Thucydides’ criticism is a small parenthesis in his overall presentation of the Athenian general’s career whose decisions were based on skill, rational criteria and experience (5.16.1). \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":306790,"journal":{"name":"Classica et Mediaevalia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125914724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Foreseeing the Past: Probability and Ancient Greek Decision-Making","authors":"Paul Vădan","doi":"10.7146/classicaetmediaevalia.v70i.128157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/classicaetmediaevalia.v70i.128157","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000The article explores the concept of probability in ancient Greece from a non-scientific perspective and shows how ancient decision-makers used historical data to make calculated decisions and speculate about the future. First, the paper considers how quantitative data was used by ancient Greek communities to make economic projections. It then shows how ancient Greek generals used the same conceptual tools to determine their odds of victory by tallying up and comparing the number and composition of armies and resources available to them and their enemy. In the third section, the paper examines how qualitative probability was articulated through the language of hope and likelihood to formulate chances of success in moments of crisis. Finally, the paper shows that ancient decision-makers implemented “power laws” to adapt to changing circumstances and the flow of new information, as they sought to improve their odds of success relative to their rivals. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":306790,"journal":{"name":"Classica et Mediaevalia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130091510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Towards a New History of Byzantine Literature : The Case of Historiography","authors":"Ingela Nilsson, R. Scott","doi":"10.4324/9781351219464-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351219464-5","url":null,"abstract":"Byzantium's many histories and chronicles are often disdained because of repetition and inaccuracy, so modern historians now turn to other sources for historical research. But the abundance of histories suggests a fondness for narrative as being significant in Byzantine culture, which merits discussion in any proper treatment of its history. A more sensitive treatment reveals constant reworking of stories for new audiences and changed circumstances. An awareness of the literariness of Byzantine historical writing changes our perception of the writers and credits audience demand for quality narrative.","PeriodicalId":306790,"journal":{"name":"Classica et Mediaevalia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128969237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Moretum decomposed","authors":"N. Horsfall","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198863861.003.0036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198863861.003.0036","url":null,"abstract":"Papers on the Moretum at one time aimed to analyse the ps.-Virgilian Moretum in terms of what the poem tells us in minute detail about subsistence farming (though the date is not secure and localization is quite uncertain). It emerges, however, that the detail is disconcertingly familiar and identifiably literary. That discovery invites us to reopen various issues in the discussion of the poem’s scope, genre, character, and humour.","PeriodicalId":306790,"journal":{"name":"Classica et Mediaevalia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122690880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}