Volume 6B: Energy最新文献_第2页

Optimization of Nano-Texture Parameters of CdTe/CdS Thin Film Solar Cells CdTe/CdS薄膜太阳能电池纳米织构参数的优化

Volume 6B: Energy Pub Date : 2018-11-09 DOI: 10.1115/IMECE2018-86858

Joshua Smay, Ola Rashwan, James Then

{"title":"Optimization of Nano-Texture Parameters of CdTe/CdS Thin Film Solar Cells","authors":"Joshua Smay, Ola Rashwan, James Then","doi":"10.1115/IMECE2018-86858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/IMECE2018-86858","url":null,"abstract":"The thin film solar cells (TFSCs) are becoming more widely implemented due to their light weight, lower cost, and flexibility when compared to the conventional monocrystalline silicon wafer solar cells. Common materials used in the TFSCs today are amorphous silicon (a-Si) and microcrystalline silicon due to their abundance. However, these materials suffer from decreased absorption efficiency especially in the infrared range due to the sub-micron thickness of the absorber. Cadmium Telluride/Cadmium Sulfide (CdTe/CdS) is a promising candidate for TFSC material due to the near ideal, direct band gap of the CdTe, which allows it to be implemented without suffering greatly from decreased absorption efficiency. Nano-texturing is a widely researched and implemented way to increase the absorption of TFSCs. In this project, the wave optical analyses for the wavelength range of 300–1100 nm were executed using ANSYS High Frequency Structural Simulator (HFSS) to study the interaction of the geometric parameters of the nano-structures in CdS/CdTe TFSCs. A 3X3 factorial design of experiments was implemented to investigate 3 different levels of the height (H), diameter (D), and period (Pd) for a conical shaped nano-texture pattern and to study their effect on the absorption and the short circuit current (Jsc). A total of 27 different combinations were investigated. It was found that the model with H = 1000 nm, D = 1000 nm, and P/D = 1 had the highest Jsc of 26.66 mA/cm2, a 29.14 % increase from the planar control cell. In addition, it was noted that when the P/D ratio is 1, an increase in both height and diameter will increase Jsc. Finally, when the height was 200 nm, an increase in the diameter has little to no effect on Jsc. These findings are important to TFSCs manufactures to better design the nano-texturing implemented in TFSCs.","PeriodicalId":306586,"journal":{"name":"Volume 6B: Energy","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130872286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Triaxial Gas Turbine Performance Analysis for Variable Power Turbine Inlet Guide Vane Control Law Optimization 变功率涡轮进气导叶控制律优化的三轴燃气轮机性能分析

Volume 6B: Energy Pub Date : 2018-11-09 DOI: 10.1115/IMECE2018-86161

Tao Wang, Yong Tian, Z. Yin, Q. Gao, Chunqing Tan

{"title":"Triaxial Gas Turbine Performance Analysis for Variable Power Turbine Inlet Guide Vane Control Law Optimization","authors":"Tao Wang, Yong Tian, Z. Yin, Q. Gao, Chunqing Tan","doi":"10.1115/IMECE2018-86161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/IMECE2018-86161","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes an inlet guide vane control law optimization technique for improving the off-design working condition thermal efficiency of triaxial gas turbine. Gas turbine dynamic and steady component-level simulation models are established in MATLAB/SIMULINK via Newton-Raphson algorithm based on component characteristic maps. After validating the models against experimental data and Gasturb software, they are applied to determine the effects of guide vane angle on gas turbine performance parameters.\u0000 High Efficiency Mode (HEM) is utilized to adjust the power turbine inlet guide vanes to enhance the gas turbine efficiency and decrease the specific fuel consumption under off-design working conditions on account of the above gas turbine overall performance analysis results. The optimal angles of power turbine inlet guide vanes for various working conditions are acquired based on the steady gas turbine model as-established. HEM enhances the gas turbine’s thermal efficiency without exceeding its temperature or rotational speed constraints. The Radial Basis Function (RBF), a three-layer, feedforward neural network, is employed to fit the optimal guide vane angles and establish the corresponding relationship between the angles and various working conditions by system identification. The control strategy and gas turbine dynamic simulation model are tested in MATLAB/SIMULINK to verify their effects on gas turbine performance. The guide vane angle is found to significantly influence the gas turbine operating parameters, and HEM to effectively optimize gas turbine performance even within unpredictable atmospheric environment and working conditions.","PeriodicalId":306586,"journal":{"name":"Volume 6B: Energy","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116742159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Design and Testing of a Solar-Driven Wastewater Treatment Unit for Off-Grid Applications 离网应用太阳能驱动污水处理装置的设计与测试

Volume 6B: Energy Pub Date : 2018-11-09 DOI: 10.1115/IMECE2018-87090

R. B. Lakeh, Daniel Andrade, K. Miller, Mohammad Masoud Modabernia, Thuan John Nguyen, Justine Nguyen, E. Flanagan, David Jacobo, L. López, Binh T. Phun, J. Kest, Johnny Baradii, S. Delagah, Mohamadali Sharbatmaleki

{"title":"Design and Testing of a Solar-Driven Wastewater Treatment Unit for Off-Grid Applications","authors":"R. B. Lakeh, Daniel Andrade, K. Miller, Mohammad Masoud Modabernia, Thuan John Nguyen, Justine Nguyen, E. Flanagan, David Jacobo, L. López, Binh T. Phun, J. Kest, Johnny Baradii, S. Delagah, Mohamadali Sharbatmaleki","doi":"10.1115/IMECE2018-87090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/IMECE2018-87090","url":null,"abstract":"The decline of surface water sources along with periodic droughts has introduced new challenges for the state of California. In order to keep up with the increasing demand for water, the state is heavily relying on imported water from the north to Southern California as well as importing water from the Colorado River. The imported water has a large carbon footprint due to using grid power for water transport. Water reuse (reclaimed) is considered as one of the solutions to reduce the dependency of state on imported water. The research team at Cal Poly Pomona, is developing an off-grid solar-powered greywater treatment system for non-potable use in single households. Greywater is the drained water from bathroom sinks, showers, tubs, and washing machines; not including wastewater from toilets or kitchen sinks. Treating greywater on-site can provide significant water savings, and can reduce the carbon footprint of desalination using solar panels. The developed system is comprised of a three-stage treatment train: micro-filtration, solar-driven reverse osmosis, and ultraviolet disinfection. The end product of the project is capable of reclaiming 90–100 gallons of water per day which is about 60% of residential greywater waste. The system removes large suspended particles (particles of dirt, food, etc.) as well as organic and inorganic dissolved contaminants. It is demonstrated that the system can provide a permeate quality that agrees with recommended guidelines for reclaimed water. The system has a recovery rate of up to 62%.","PeriodicalId":306586,"journal":{"name":"Volume 6B: Energy","volume":"180 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121189305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Solar Photovoltaic Power Plant Development for a Desert Climate 沙漠气候下太阳能光伏电站的发展

Volume 6B: Energy Pub Date : 2018-11-09 DOI: 10.1115/IMECE2018-86588

Abdullah Alanezi, M. Naraghi

引用次数: 0

Increasing Energy Efficiency in Vehicles by Harvesting Wasted Engine Heat 通过收集发动机废热来提高车辆的能源效率

Volume 6B: Energy Pub Date : 2018-11-09 DOI: 10.1115/IMECE2018-88253

E. Çelik, Mutabe Aljaghtham

{"title":"Increasing Energy Efficiency in Vehicles by Harvesting Wasted Engine Heat","authors":"E. Çelik, Mutabe Aljaghtham","doi":"10.1115/IMECE2018-88253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/IMECE2018-88253","url":null,"abstract":"Nearly 75% of energy produced by fuel is eventually rejected to the environment and ultimately goes unused in terms of waste heat in motor vehicles. A promising method of reclaiming energy waste is to use thermoelectric (TE) energy harvesters which are multi-material solid-state devices that convert a thermal gradient directly into electric potential. In current automotive applications, waste heat recovery systems using TE are only limited to integration on exhaust pipes to convert hot exhaust gases into electricity. In this study, we explored the use of TE materials in the shape of a car oil pan to utilize the temperature difference of hot engine oil and cool outside air and convert this temperature gradient into electricity. In this study, we performed finite element simulations to optimize the geometry and the quantity of thermoelectric modules. This optimization was performed to achieve maximum thermoelectric power under the constraints of manufacturability. Using these optimum design parameters, we determined that 2.3 kW output power can be recovered from the flat plate oil pan and 2.6 kW from the oil pan with a single step due to the enhanced surface area. These power amounts were found to be higher than those previously obtained from thermoelectric systems integrated to exhaust pipes.","PeriodicalId":306586,"journal":{"name":"Volume 6B: Energy","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128996912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

An Easier Approach to Introduce Entropy in Undergraduate Thermodynamics Classes 在本科热力学课程中引入熵的简单方法

Volume 6B: Energy Pub Date : 2018-11-09 DOI: 10.1115/IMECE2018-86510

Y. Haseli

{"title":"An Easier Approach to Introduce Entropy in Undergraduate Thermodynamics Classes","authors":"Y. Haseli","doi":"10.1115/IMECE2018-86510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/IMECE2018-86510","url":null,"abstract":"The common tutorial method of teaching entropy is far twisted and complicated. The convention is to first present Carnot corollaries followed by a “rational argument” to justify the corollaries. In the next step, the efficiency of Carnot engine is argued to be solely dependent on the thermal reservoirs temperatures. Then, thermodynamic temperature scale is introduced to show QL/QH equals TL/TH followed by the Clausius inequality, and finally introducing entropy S. It is not surprising why entropy has been one of the most difficult concepts to teach or learn. The way it is taught in textbooks is not straight unlike many other properties and concepts that are comparably much less cumbersome to understand. Interesting to note is that the inventor of entropy; Clausius, derived the famous Carnot efficiency by simply using the p-V diagram of a Carnot cycle operating with an ideal gas. The objective of this article is to shed light to the original method of Clausius and to present a simple and easy-to-digest approach, so students can better understand where entropy is originated from. Furthermore, we will show that the proof of Carnot corollaries is not concrete and certain objections can be raised.","PeriodicalId":306586,"journal":{"name":"Volume 6B: Energy","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114158495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Disc Turbine for Energy Harvesting 用于能量收集的盘式涡轮机

Volume 6B: Energy Pub Date : 2018-11-09 DOI: 10.1115/IMECE2018-88143

José C. Páscoa, S. Cândido, F. Charrua-Santos, A. Espírito-Santo, Marco Canario

{"title":"Disc Turbine for Energy Harvesting","authors":"José C. Páscoa, S. Cândido, F. Charrua-Santos, A. Espírito-Santo, Marco Canario","doi":"10.1115/IMECE2018-88143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/IMECE2018-88143","url":null,"abstract":"Energy harvesting is part of a current paradigm of distributed production and use of energy. However, we are aware that the size of turbomachinery used to produce the energy can be an advantage, in terms of higher efficiencies when using larger machines. This is one main reason why distributed production and use of energy has not known a very large popularization in the past. Still, with present day fluid dynamics tools and new production technologies it is now becoming possible to expand this concept. A less used turbomachinery is the disc or Tesla turbine or pump. This is based on a series of parallel discs that rotate under the action of a common shaft. These parallel discs impart a movement to the flow by means of viscous effects, due to viscous adherence of the fluid to the rotating discs. Disc turbines offer and inherent advantage to provide a capability of energy harvesting when fluids include living elements, or when the fluid is mostly comprised of slurries. In this paper we present an experimental and numerical analysis of the flow in this special kind of turbomachine. The experimental activities use a direct operating mode to assess the operation of the pump-as-turbine. An experimental set-up provides a set of results that allow to characterize the design conditions of the disc turbomachine under analysis. Further, a numerical simulation is performed for direct and inverse operation modes. After careful validation of the numerical model using the experimental results, the performance of the disc turbine is verified for a range of conditions. Among these are pure water and slurry fluids. The results allow us to provide the set of conditions in which the disc turbine can be used for energy harvesting.","PeriodicalId":306586,"journal":{"name":"Volume 6B: Energy","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125839940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

River Turbines Controlled by Mechanical Speed Converters 由机械速度转换器控制的河流涡轮机

Volume 6B: Energy Pub Date : 2018-11-09 DOI: 10.1115/IMECE2018-88417

N. Goudarzi, K. Han

引用次数: 0

Experimental Study of Hygroscopy of Single and Different Mixtures of MgCl2, KCl, NaCl, ZnCl2 for Application As Heat Transfer Fluids in CSP MgCl2、KCl、NaCl、ZnCl2单一及不同混合物作为CSP传热流体的吸湿性实验研究

Volume 6B: Energy Pub Date : 2018-11-09 DOI: 10.1115/IMECE2018-86416

Xiaoxin Wang, Qichao Hu, Gil-Pyo Kim, Xiankun Xu, Peiwen Li, D. Gervasio

引用次数: 0

Analysis of Phase Change Thermal Storage Configurations for Minichannel-Based Solar Collectors 基于小通道的太阳能集热器相变蓄热结构分析

Volume 6B: Energy Pub Date : 2018-11-09 DOI: 10.1115/IMECE2018-87837

J. C. Pérez, Sai Kiran Hota, G. Diaz

引用次数: 0