International Review of Psychiatry (Abingdon, England)最新文献

{"title":"Caribbean mental health professionals support climate resilience through community engagement, disaster response, and research.","authors":"Michael H Campbell,&nbsp;Natalie Greaves","doi":"10.1080/09540261.2022.2093101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09540261.2022.2093101","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mental health professionals (MHPs) have roles supporting mitigation, preparation, and recovery in the global climate crisis. This commentary describes initiatives in the Caribbean to address climate-related threats to individuals and communities focussing on the role of MHPs in supporting community-based projects, regional public health disaster responses, and climate research.</p>","PeriodicalId":306151,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Psychiatry (Abingdon, England)","volume":" ","pages":"516-519"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40378070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate change in Bangladesh: meeting the mental health needs in times of crisis.","authors":"Joanne Byron,&nbsp;Saima Wazed Hossain","doi":"10.1080/09540261.2022.2129227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09540261.2022.2129227","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Access to quality and affordable mental health care is not always available to disaster-prone countries experiencing climate change, which may result in psychological trauma. Although environmental support has been provided, the consequences of disasters have not been addressed within the mental health realm. Inadequate knowledge and practice about crisis responses for mental health was addressed in Bangladesh with the influx of Rohingya people escaping persecution. To provide mental health support, Crisis Preparedness for Mental Health (CPM-MH) was developed and implemented addressing the psychological consequences of traumatic events. CP M-MH has its foundation in post-trauma stabilization through establishment of psychological equilibrium providing proactive rather than reactive methods linked to positive mental health outcomes. With adoption of CPM-MH in Bangladesh addressing mental health needs after traumatic events, mental health damage experienced by manmade and natural disasters may be considered the best strategy to build coping skills and resiliency for further traumatic event.</p>","PeriodicalId":306151,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Psychiatry (Abingdon, England)","volume":" ","pages":"534-536"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40378067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The plight and promise of mental health providers in the face of a warming planet: perspectives and experiences from the Philippines.","authors":"John Jamir Benzon R Aruta,&nbsp;Sena S Salcedo,&nbsp;Johnrev Guilaran,&nbsp;Renzo R Guinto","doi":"10.1080/09540261.2022.2123701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09540261.2022.2123701","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A growing body of research shows the inimical impact of climate change on people's mental health. However, attention to mental health providers at the frontlines is rather sparse, especially in climate-vulnerable countries. This commentary aims to present the perspectives and experiences of mental health providers within the context of climate change in the Philippines. Specifically, this paper explicates the challenges faced by mental health providers in trying to address the increasing climate-related distress experienced by many Filipinos and the recent progress in promoting climate change and mental health nexus in the country. The recommendations offered in this commentary will hopefully provide the basis for a more comprehensive mental health framework that incorporates climate change and supports mental health providers in their pursuit to preserve Filipino mental health on a warming planet.</p>","PeriodicalId":306151,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Psychiatry (Abingdon, England)","volume":" ","pages":"530-533"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40378071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mental health impacts of the climate crisis: the urgent need for action.","authors":"Mala Rao","doi":"10.1080/09540261.2022.2128272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09540261.2022.2128272","url":null,"abstract":"Signs of climate breakdown are evident across the globe. From wildfires in the US and Europe to heatwaves in India and Pakistan and heavy rainfall in the UK, recordbreaking extreme weather events are occurring in every continent and increasing in frequency and intensity. What is unexpected, however, is the speed with which global warming even at the current level of 1 C is resulting in climate chaos. Contrary to earlier scientific forecasts that temperatures would rise to over 40C by 2050 in the UK, this record has already been reached by the summer of 2022, prompting leading climate scientists to warn that the future is already here. We are informed that climate breakdown is inevitable and global leaders acknowledge that they are scared, as avoiding the most catastrophic outcomes is the best we can now do. That climate change is the biggest threat to global public health was recognised more than a decade ago but carbon emissions have simply continued to increase. Estimations of the direct health effects of aspects of climate change such as heat stress, floods, air pollution, food insecurity and the spread of vector-borne disease demonstrate that the global burden of morbidity and mortality is also increasing steeply on every continent. But, despite the recognition that the mental health toll is likely to be as severe, few efforts have been made to quantify this burden, study its extended impact on society, forecast its effects on socio-economic trends of the future or to explore ways by which the negative impacts could be addressed and hope could be harnessed to ensure the best societal outcomes for the future. This collection of research studies, commentaries and analyses aims to help remedy this gap, as it shines a light on this relatively neglected area of the health impacts of climate change. It brings together authors drawn from a uniquely broad range of backgrounds including mental and public health, climate and social sciences, the arts and young people’s networks, united in their ambition to emphasise the mental health impacts of climate change and encourage everyone to contribute to action. A growing body of evidence is demonstrating that the direct impacts of the climate chaos on mental health range from an increase in suicides and worsened outcomes for those with diagnosable mental health disorders to declining population mental health and wellbeing. Authors commenting from geographies as diverse as Bangladesh, South Africa, the Philippines and the Caribbean confirm that acute extreme weather events as well as chronic extreme climate events such as prolonged drought are associated with an increasing burden of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, anxiety, extreme psychological stress and distress, substance use and suicidality in people of all ages groups. Healthcare professionals working in disaster relief are not invulnerable to these risks. Longer term, climate impacts such as rising sea levels, forced migration and co","PeriodicalId":306151,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Psychiatry (Abingdon, England)","volume":" ","pages":"439-440"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40377134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protesting for public health: a case for medical activism during the climate crisis.","authors":"Philippa Clery,&nbsp;Liam Embliss,&nbsp;Amelia Cussans,&nbsp;Eleanor Cooke,&nbsp;Kirsten Shukla,&nbsp;Ching Li","doi":"10.1080/09540261.2022.2093627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09540261.2022.2093627","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Anthropogenic climate change and its sequelae are de-stabilizing our environmental, social, economical and political systems. Not surprisingly, the direct and indirect effects of disrupting these key determinants of health are profoundly detrimental to mental health and wellbeing. Psychiatrists feel compelled to speak out. However, decades of gentle persuasion have failed to invoke sufficient government action so many have turned to activism. Others doubt whether this is, or should be, within their scope of practice. In this article we present the case for medical activism. History has shown prominent activist medics and psychiatrists have been instrumental in creating social and cultural change. We propose that psychiatrists are well-placed to advocate for health issues that cross socio-politico-environmental boundaries. We suggest that, not only do we have a moral imperative to act for the wider determinants of health, but we are also advantageously positioned as trusted professionals with the necessary skills to articulate the problem and advocate for the most vulnerable in society. We call on our training and regulatory bodies to support health activism.</p>","PeriodicalId":306151,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Psychiatry (Abingdon, England)","volume":" ","pages":"553-562"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40377136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-esteem in sexual minority young adults: a qualitative interview study exploring protective factors and helpful coping responses.","authors":"Livia Bridge,&nbsp;Patrick Smith,&nbsp;Katharine A Rimes","doi":"10.1080/09540261.2022.2051446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09540261.2022.2051446","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Research on mental health inequalities between sexual minority and heterosexual young adults has historically focussed on the additional stress processes that might explain this disparity. However, more recently there has been a shift towards research focussed on resilience factors that might promote mental health in sexual minority young adults. Self-esteem is one such proposed resilience factor. This study aimed to explore the factors that promote or protect self-esteem itself in sexual minority young adults. A semi-structured interview study was conducted with 20 sexual minority young adults (aged 16-24) to explore their perspectives on the factors, responses and strategies that have helped to protect or promote their self-esteem. Six themes were identified from thematic analysis: helpful responses to minority stress; sexuality acceptance; positive LGBTQ + social connections and representations; positive social relationships and evaluation; successes and positive qualities and general coping strategies for low self-esteem. Findings are discussed in terms of their theoretical implications.</p>","PeriodicalId":306151,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Psychiatry (Abingdon, England)","volume":" ","pages":"257-265"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9519121/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33492054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Barriers in care pathways and unmet mental health needs in LGBTIQ + communities.","authors":"Giada Silveri,&nbsp;Simone Schimmenti,&nbsp;Eleonora Prina,&nbsp;Lorenzo Gios,&nbsp;Massimo Mirandola,&nbsp;Manlio Converti,&nbsp;Andrea Fiorillo,&nbsp;Federica Pinna,&nbsp;Antonio Ventriglio,&nbsp;Gian Maria Galeazzi,&nbsp;Nigel Sherriff,&nbsp;Laetitia Zeeman,&nbsp;Francesco Amaddeo","doi":"10.1080/09540261.2022.2075256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09540261.2022.2075256","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, intersex, queer people and minority gender identities and sexualities (LGBTIQ+) are often stigmatized and experience discrimination in health care settings, leading to poorer mental health outcomes and unmet needs compared to heterosexual and cisgendered peers. It is thus imperative that mental health providers consider and address structural challenges in order to reduce mental health inequalities of this population. This narrative review assessed the barriers that may prevent access to care and the pathways for care in LGBTIQ + communities. PubMed, PsycInfo, Embase, and Scopus were searched for papers published between December 2021 and February 2022. A total of 107 papers were included with studies reflecting five themes: (1) Unmet mental health needs; (2) Young people; (3) Substance abuse and addiction; (4) Barriers and pathways to care; and (5) Interventions. Findings demonstrate that LGBTIQ + people experience stigmatization and higher rates of substance misuse and mental ill health, which may lead to barriers in accessing health care services, and fewer tailored interventions being provided. These findings have implications for policy, health care screening, and how specialist services are structured. Substantial gaps in the evidence-base exist, and future research should examine how mental health care providers can challenge social issues that maintain discriminatory and stigmatizing practices, and support LGBTIQ + individuals to sustain their resilience.</p>","PeriodicalId":306151,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Psychiatry (Abingdon, England)","volume":" ","pages":"215-229"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33492050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decriminalization and medical students attitudes to same sex behaviour.","authors":"Anindya Kar,&nbsp;Gervan J Arneaud,&nbsp;Sunrit Majumder,&nbsp;Dinesh Bhugra,&nbsp;Anasua Pal","doi":"10.1080/09540261.2022.2035326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09540261.2022.2035326","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Supreme Court of India, decriminalized same-sex activities in 2018 but the Indian medical curriculum has not been updated and inclusive of the sexual minorities despite the change. This study explores the attitude of medical students towards same-gender attraction and how it has shaped and reshaped in an ever-changing social environment. Medical students of four reputed Indian medical colleges were asked to self-administer an 18-item questionnaire anonymously. Internal consistency of the questionnaire statements was high. Of 729 initial responses, 84 were omitted for giving incomplete responses and 3 were omitted for not being Indian. A total of 642 responses was included in the analysis. More than 80% of the students believed homosexuality is a sexual orientation whereas only 15% believed it is an acquired behaviour and only 1.9% considered it an illness. However, more than 95%of students agreed that homosexuality is not an illness. Although the overall attitude of Indian medical students has changed since decriminalization, urgent work on the medical curriculum is needed to change some negative attitudes so that patients receive appropriate care.</p>","PeriodicalId":306151,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Psychiatry (Abingdon, England)","volume":" ","pages":"407-412"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33492053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sexual minority young adults' perspectives on how minority stress and other factors negatively affect self-esteem: a qualitative interview study.","authors":"Livia Bridge,&nbsp;Patrick Smith,&nbsp;Katharine A Rimes","doi":"10.1080/09540261.2022.2051444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09540261.2022.2051444","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sexual minority young adults (lesbian, gay and bisexual), are at increased risk of experiencing mental health problems than their heterosexual peers. On average they also have lower self-esteem which may contribute to the development or maintenance of mental illnesses. Interventions to improve self-esteem could improve well-being and reduce mental ill-health risk in sexual minority young adults. It is important to understand the processes that contribute to lower self-esteem in this population. The present study aimed to explore these processes. Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with a sample of 20 sexual minority young adults (age 16-24 years) with a range of self-esteem levels. Using thematic analysis, three overarching areas were idenitified: 'Negative social evaluations and reduced belonging', 'Striving and failing to meet standards', and 'Negative sexual orientation processes'. These findings have theoretical implications for minority stress models of mental health inequalities, highlighting the potential interaction between minority-specific and more general risk factors for mental health problems. Findings also have clinical implications for the development of tailored interventions to help improve low self-esteem in sexual minority young adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":306151,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Psychiatry (Abingdon, England)","volume":" ","pages":"383-391"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9519118/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33479931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LGBT + medical students and disclosure of their sexual orientation: more than in and out of the closet.","authors":"Julio Torales,&nbsp;João Mauricio Castaldelli-Maia,&nbsp;Antonio Ventriglio","doi":"10.1080/09540261.2022.2101881","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09540261.2022.2101881","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Medical students face many challenge in their academic path. The disclosure of their own sexual orientation may be problematic since it impacts negatively on their acceptance in the educational environmental and the course of their career. Mental health issues may also occur among medical students as consequences of their perceived homophobia as well as stigma after the coming out. Research shows that students' attitude to the sexual orientation disclosure may vary across countries and cultures as well as students' homophobic attitudes towards sexual minorities: the latter should be addressed since prejudice might affect the quality of medical care for LGBT+ (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender) patients. We suggest that more education and training on LGBT + health issues is needed in the medical students' core-curricula: this would improve the health care of sexual minorities and LGBT + students' acceptance in the academic milieu.</p>","PeriodicalId":306151,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Psychiatry (Abingdon, England)","volume":" ","pages":"402-406"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33479933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}