{"title":"Freedom of Expression on the Internet after Sanchez v France: How the European Court of Human Rights Accepts Third-Party ‘Censorship’","authors":"K. Lemmens","doi":"10.1163/26663236-bja10046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/26663236-bja10046","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Judgment: European Court of Human Rights, Sanchez v France 45581/15 (ECtHR, 2 September 2021), Judgment (Merits and Just Satisfaction).\u0000Section of the Court: Chamber (Fifth Section).\u0000Applicable Convention Rights: Article 10 echr – no violation.\u0000Primary Legal Issues: To what extent, under which circumstances and how can the holder of a public Facebook-account be held criminally liable for comments (pseudo-anonymous speech) posted by third parties on their timeline?\u0000Link to Case: .","PeriodicalId":306057,"journal":{"name":"European Convention on Human Rights Law Review","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121780115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"What Determines the Judicial Discretion of the European Court of Human Rights?","authors":"George Tsebelis","doi":"10.1163/26663236-bja10047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/26663236-bja10047","url":null,"abstract":"I was invited by the editors of the echr Law Review to consider how the game-theoretic analysis that I have applied to courts,1 in particular constitutional courts,2 can find an application in the system of the European Convention on Human Rights (echr) and in the case law of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR, the Court), that is, in the case law of a quasi-constitutional human rights court that operates at the international level. I will start by explaining the key tenets of the arguments to explore, before turning to their effects in the echr regime. There are two arguments in game theoretic literature about the judicial discretion and authority of an international court like the ECtHR. The first replicates arguments made about national courts, while the second deals with conditions prevailing in international institutions. I will present these arguments sequentially.","PeriodicalId":306057,"journal":{"name":"European Convention on Human Rights Law Review","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114729621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Judicial Activism v Judicial Restraint: Practical Experience of This (False) Dilemma at the European Court of Human Rights","authors":"F. Tulkens","doi":"10.1163/26663236-bja10048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/26663236-bja10048","url":null,"abstract":"The debate on judicial activism versus judicial restraint is very often presented in the form of a dilemma, in the sense that judges must choose between the two contradictory and unsatisfactory terms of an alternative. It seems to me more and more that this dilemma is an appearance, ideologically constructed, the main function of which is to classify the positions of the parties in separate camps. Within the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR, Court), a way of presenting judicial activism and judicial restraint is often to assimilate the latter to traditionalism and conservatism, and the former to liberalism and progressivism, having in mind that both labels are more an accusation than a praise and that behind them ‘often lie concerns about substantive outcomes’.1 Yet, the opposition between the realists and the idealists, between the pragmatists and the laxists, the responsible and the irresponsible, seems inaccurate. In its numerous features (rules of interpretation, doctrine of precedent, positive obligations, horizontal application, procedural guarantees, extension of the notion of jurisdiction, and opening-up of the rights guaranteed), the ECtHR ranges between tradition and progress, between protection and the development of human rights, between flexibility and legal certainty. That","PeriodicalId":306057,"journal":{"name":"European Convention on Human Rights Law Review","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128597249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Judicial Discretion of the European Court of Human Rights: The Years of Plenty, and the Lean Years","authors":"Vassilis P. Tzevelekos, K. Dzehtsiarou","doi":"10.1163/26663236-bja10049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/26663236-bja10049","url":null,"abstract":"In this issue, we have the pleasure to host two thoughtful and expertly written guest editorials on judicial discretion exercised by the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR, the Court). They approach this question from two different perspectives. The former ECtHR Judge and Vice President, Professor Françoise Tulkens, offers an authoritative view from within the ECtHR, informed by her rich experience, whilst Political Science Professor George Tsebelis applies his seminal game theoretic analysis on institutional decision-making within the echr system. The guest editorials have been an excellent source of inspiration for the brief thoughts that we are offering here, but before that, we would like to share with the readers that, after a long delay caused by the covid-19 pandemic, on 4 July 2022, we celebrated the launching of the echr Law Review at the premises of the ECtHR. We are thankful to President Robert Spano and to the Registrar of the Court, Marialena Tsirli, for their warm hospitality and for their very kind and generous words on the journal, as we are also thankful to Judges Ineta Ziemele and Armen Harutyunyan – who have both contributed with guest editorials to previous issues of the journal – and to our publisher, Lindy Melman. They all participated at this event and spoke about their experience with the echr Law Review. One of the key aims of this law review is to act as a bridge between the system of the European Convention on Human Rights (echr, the Convention) and academia: engaging in a direct dialogue with the ECtHR is an excellent means to this aim. Moving now to this editorial’s topic, namely the ECtHR’s judicial discretion, we start by noting that, in principle, rules shall be concrete and unambiguous. european convention on human rights law review (2022) 1–8","PeriodicalId":306057,"journal":{"name":"European Convention on Human Rights Law Review","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130101159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Utilitarian Account of Article 3 echr","authors":"J. Letwin","doi":"10.1163/26663236-bja10045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/26663236-bja10045","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Thegreatest impediment to the acceptance of a utilitarian theory of human rights is the perceived inability of utilitarianism to deal with absolute rights, such as those contained in Article 3 European Convention on Human Rights. In this paper, I argue that a sophisticated form of indirect utilitarianism can in fact provide a solid foundation for Article 3 absolute rights. I develop an account of the moral rights underlying Article 3 and apply that account to some key elements of the European Court of Human Rights’ (ECtHR) Article 3 jurisprudence. I show how the indirect utilitarian account can explain: (1) the ECtHR’s conclusion that the Gäfgencase did not involve a conflict of Convention rights; (2) the ECtHR’s answer to the question ‘what counts as torture?’; and (3) the ECtHR’s jurisprudence on the difference between the scope of the obligation to prevent torture and the scope of the obligation to prevent inhuman and degrading treatment.","PeriodicalId":306057,"journal":{"name":"European Convention on Human Rights Law Review","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128712778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cedric Marti, Framing a Convention Community: Supranational Aspects of the European Convention on Human Rights","authors":"Paul Gragl","doi":"10.1163/26663236-bja10043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/26663236-bja10043","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":306057,"journal":{"name":"European Convention on Human Rights Law Review","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131278983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Strasbourg Story of Swords and Shields","authors":"L. Glas, J. Krommendijk","doi":"10.1163/26663236-bja10042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/26663236-bja10042","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This article aims to answer the question: what motivates national courts (not) to make a request for an advisory opinion from the European Court of Human Rights under Protocol 16 (P16)? An initial answer is given based on literature on the echr and the EU preliminary ruling procedure. This article also conducts a case study on a most likely case for the use of P16 given the prominent role of the echr: the Netherlands. We conclude that the potential eagerness of national courts to use P16 is limited. The three identified different motives (legal, pragmatic, and politico-strategic) all point in the direction of timid courts foregoing a request based on P16. We therefore call on Strasbourg to sharpen the sword offered by P16 and discourage the inclination of national courts to arm themselves with sizeable shields to resist Strasbourg’s involvement.","PeriodicalId":306057,"journal":{"name":"European Convention on Human Rights Law Review","volume":"464 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125822428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On the Circumscribed and Problematic Resurgence of Inter-State Human Rights Cases","authors":"Lucas Lixinski","doi":"10.1163/26663236-bja10039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/26663236-bja10039","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":306057,"journal":{"name":"European Convention on Human Rights Law Review","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115360687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Jens T Theilen, European Consensus Between Strategy and Principle: The Uses of Vertically Comparative Legal Reasoning in Regional Human Rights Adjudication.","authors":"Jaka Kukavica","doi":"10.1163/26663236-bja10040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/26663236-bja10040","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":306057,"journal":{"name":"European Convention on Human Rights Law Review","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125451331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Aggression Against Ukraine and the Effectiveness of Inter-state Cases in Case of War","authors":"K. Dzehtsiarou, Vassilis P. Tzevelekos","doi":"10.1163/26663236-bja10041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/26663236-bja10041","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":306057,"journal":{"name":"European Convention on Human Rights Law Review","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126206753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}