{"title":"A novel approach for ground fault detection","authors":"R. Das, S. Kunsman","doi":"10.1109/CPRE.2004.238416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CPRE.2004.238416","url":null,"abstract":"Faulted lines must be repaired and returned to service in the shortest possible time to provide reliable service to the customers. Fault detection is an important aspect of system protection, as it involves personnel as well as equipment safety. The research on fault detection techniques is mainly based on conventional methods, not suitable for detecting high impedance ground faults. This paper discusses a novel approach for detecting high impedance ground faults using state-of-the-art signal processing technology. Some laboratory test results are reported. The reported work offers promise in realizing dependable and secure high impedance ground fault detection using latest technology.","PeriodicalId":305674,"journal":{"name":"57th Annual Conference for Protective Relay Engineers, 2004","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125551452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Some observations on bus relaying","authors":"W. Elmore","doi":"10.1109/CPRE.2004.238352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CPRE.2004.238352","url":null,"abstract":"The literature is replete with guidance on the subject of bus relaying. Because of the extremely detrimental results of incorrect operation of bus differential relaying, those giving such guidance have generally leaned in the direction of security. This paper is intended to point out the possibility of easing some of the useful, but not immutable restrictions that have been handed down from generation to generation. In general, the bus configuration does not dictate any particular bus differential relaying concept. Voltage level and importance of the circuits connected to the bus are far more significant criteria. Speed and cost are key factors. Current transformer location and quality are important ingredients in the choice of a bus relaying scheme.","PeriodicalId":305674,"journal":{"name":"57th Annual Conference for Protective Relay Engineers, 2004","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132349541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Sanders, J. Appleyard, J. Huddleston, T. Lanigan, R. Ray, M. Simon, J. Zipp, M. McDonald, E. Derencinovic, D. Jamison, W. G. Lowe, S. Rowe, J. Soehren, P. Drum, S. Khan, B. Pickett, T. Seegers, S. Ward
{"title":"Special considerations in applying power line carrier for protective relaying - IEEE power systems relaying committee special paper - relaying communications subcommittee, working group H9, 1-5-04","authors":"M. Sanders, J. Appleyard, J. Huddleston, T. Lanigan, R. Ray, M. Simon, J. Zipp, M. McDonald, E. Derencinovic, D. Jamison, W. G. Lowe, S. Rowe, J. Soehren, P. Drum, S. Khan, B. Pickett, T. Seegers, S. Ward","doi":"10.1109/CPRE.2004.238494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CPRE.2004.238494","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the considerations in applying power line carrier for protective relaying. The goal in using communications for protective relaying is to provide simultaneous high-speed clearing for all faults within a line section, including end-zone faults. A PLC channel can also be used to provide remote tripping functions for transformer protection, shunt reactor protection and remote breaker failure relaying. There are many references available that discuss PLC applications. IEEE 643 (IEEE guide for power-line carrier applications) is a particularly good reference. In the bibliography section of this paper, many other references are listed. The intent of this paper is not to cover the actual channel application but circumstances that can affect the performance of the protective relay system. Subjects such as a non-homogeneous line, the use of capacitors and reactors in the line, transformer-tapped lines, special protection applications, and the issue of non-licensure of PLC by the electric utility are covered. The intent of this paper is to document important issues that should be considered when applying a PLC channel to a protective relay system.","PeriodicalId":305674,"journal":{"name":"57th Annual Conference for Protective Relay Engineers, 2004","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115802879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Implementation of automatic bus transfer scheme on multi-function microprocessor based relays","authors":"M. Thakur, B. Kasztenny, J. Eapen","doi":"10.1109/CPRE.2004.238490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CPRE.2004.238490","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the basic principle and a comparative analysis of the various automatic bus transfer schemes in practice and their applications in the industries and power plants. The prime objectives of this paper are as follows: the illustration of a flexible residual voltage automatic bus transfer scheme implementation using a multi-function microprocessor based relay, a study of its onsite-testing criteria, and finally the inferring of its common troubleshooting stages encountered in the real-world application. Use of the numerical IEDs are recommended for simplification of the automatic bus transfer system, component cost reduction and increased system reliability, and the availability of events for transfer analysis.","PeriodicalId":305674,"journal":{"name":"57th Annual Conference for Protective Relay Engineers, 2004","volume":"284 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131835413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Tools and techniques for area relay coordination studies","authors":"D. Jackson","doi":"10.1109/CPRE.2004.238493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CPRE.2004.238493","url":null,"abstract":"The paper covers several of the tools and techniques used by a protection engineer in a methodology to test and document the qualities of an area's transmission line protection. The documents can be a useful \"legacy\" for use by others in the future. The tools described are generally available to the present-day engineer. These tools include word processors, electronic spreadsheets and specialized relay coordination software. The techniques used by this protection engineer are part of a skill set developed through association with other practicing engineers, through study of literature on the subject and through individual experience in practicing the profession. The bottom line of this paper is that the area relay coordination studies should not be taken lightly. It requires detailed and methodical approach. These studies can be beneficial to various organizations in the electric utility.","PeriodicalId":305674,"journal":{"name":"57th Annual Conference for Protective Relay Engineers, 2004","volume":"2013 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127394915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Out-of-step protection fundamentals and advancements","authors":"D. Tziouvaras","doi":"10.1109/CPRE.2004.238495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CPRE.2004.238495","url":null,"abstract":"Power systems are subjected to a wide range of small or larger disturbances during operating conditions. Small changes in loading conditions occur continually. The power system must adjust to these changing conditions and continue to operate satisfactorily and within the desired bounds of voltage and frequency. The power system should be designed to survive larger types of disturbances, such as faults, loss of a large generator, or line switching. Certain system disturbances may cause loss of synchronism between a generator and the rest of the utility system, or between interconnected power systems of neighboring utilities. If such a loss of synchronism occurs, it is imperative that the generator or system areas operating asynchronously are separated immediately to avoid widespread outages and equipment damage. In this paper we describe the philosophy and application fundamentals of out-of-step protection in transmission systems. We also discuss recent enhancements in the design of out-of-step tripping and blocking protection functions that improve the security and reliability of the power system. In addition, we demonstrate the out-of-step phenomena and distance relay element behavior using EMTP and Matlab simulations.","PeriodicalId":305674,"journal":{"name":"57th Annual Conference for Protective Relay Engineers, 2004","volume":"247 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116712690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A review of ferroresonance","authors":"J. Horak","doi":"10.1109/CPRE.2004.238351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CPRE.2004.238351","url":null,"abstract":"This article covers the basics of a ferroresonant condition: the network circuits involved; two simple analysis processes - linear circuit analysis concept and dual X/sub M/ analysis concept. A review of how ferroresonance is prevented and a variety of other issues were discussed.","PeriodicalId":305674,"journal":{"name":"57th Annual Conference for Protective Relay Engineers, 2004","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116587531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"RMS measuring principles in the application of protective relaying and metering","authors":"P. Heavey, C. Whitney","doi":"10.1109/CPRE.2004.238610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CPRE.2004.238610","url":null,"abstract":"There are a variety of protective relays using different measuring techniques to provide protection for equipment and lines. These include electro-mechanical, solid state, and numerical relay platforms. Within each group, various types of front-end filtering exists. Protection engineers should understand how today's and yesterday's relays differ in their approach to protection so they can better provide protection for feeders and other equipment.","PeriodicalId":305674,"journal":{"name":"57th Annual Conference for Protective Relay Engineers, 2004","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124205065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Pillai, B. Bailey, J. Bowen, G. Dalke, B. Douglas, J. Fischer, J.R. Jones, D. Love, C. Mozina, N. Nichols, C. Normand, L. Padden, A. Pierce, L. Powell, D. Shipp, N. Stringer, R. Young
{"title":"Grounding and ground fault protection of multiple generator installations on medium-voltage industrial and commercial power systems. Part 1 - the problem defined","authors":"P. Pillai, B. Bailey, J. Bowen, G. Dalke, B. Douglas, J. Fischer, J.R. Jones, D. Love, C. Mozina, N. Nichols, C. Normand, L. Padden, A. Pierce, L. Powell, D. Shipp, N. Stringer, R. Young","doi":"10.1109/CPRE.2004.238418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CPRE.2004.238418","url":null,"abstract":"The paper discusses typical grounding practices and ground fault protection methods for medium-voltage generator stators, highlighting their merits and drawbacks. Particular attention is given to applications of multiple generators connected to a single bus. The paper also provides an overview of the generator damage mechanism during stator ground faults. Problem areas associated with each type of grounding are identified and solutions are discussed. The paper also provides a list of references on the topic. The paper is intended as a guide to aid engineers in selecting adequate grounding and ground fault protection schemes for medium-voltage industrial and commercial generators for new installations, for evaluating existing systems, and for future expansion of facilities, to minimize generator damage from stator ground faults.","PeriodicalId":305674,"journal":{"name":"57th Annual Conference for Protective Relay Engineers, 2004","volume":"255 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117333987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Design and implementation of wide area special protection schemes","authors":"V. Madami, M. Adamiak, M. Thakur","doi":"10.1109/CPRE.2004.238556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CPRE.2004.238556","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the drivers for implementing SPSs, the functional requirements of such systems including the interface and coordination with existing protection and control equipment, and the resulting design considerations such as system architecture, human machine interface (HMI), communication system robustness, performance monitoring, and system test (including commissioning, manual, and automatic test modes).","PeriodicalId":305674,"journal":{"name":"57th Annual Conference for Protective Relay Engineers, 2004","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117116689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}