JuliusKuhnArchiv最新文献

{"title":"Introducing the INSIGNIA project: Environmental monitoring of pesticide use through honey bees","authors":"Van der Steen, Józef, On, behalf, Insignia","doi":"10.5073/JKA.2020.465.037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5073/JKA.2020.465.037","url":null,"abstract":"As a starting point, we performed toxicological studies with the N -cyano-substituted neonicotinoid insecticide thiacloprid and N -nitro-substituted compound imidacloprid to identify the reason(s) for the over 500-fold higher intrinsic toxicity of N -nitro-substituted compounds to the honey bee ( Apis mellifera ). Radioligandbinding assays revealed that both, thiacloprid and imidacloprid, display a similar nanomolar binding affinity to their target, the postsynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR). However, thiacloprid is significantly faster degraded by hydroxylation compared to imidacloprid providing evidence that cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) facilitate oxidative metabolism of this chemical class. Subsequently, a honey bee P450 expression library compromising all 27 clade 3 P450s was established and P450s belonging to CYP9Q-subfamily were identified to be involved in the rapid turnover of thiacloprid, mainly driven by CYP9Q3, but with a low turnover of imidacloprid. Beside the honey bee CYP9Q-family, we also identified in collaboration with external partners at Rothamsted Research and Exeter University the orthologous P450s CYP9Q4-6 in the bumblebee ( Bombus terrestris ) and CYP9BU1-2 in the red mason bee ( Osmia bicornis ) as key determinants of neonicotinoid selectivity. The knowledge obtained from this interdisciplinary approach is of high value to mechanistically understand the interaction of pesticides and bees beyond guideline studies and is further extended to gain insights in the molecular mechanism underlying bee-sensitivity in other pollinator species, i.e. the alfalfa leafcutter bee Megachile rotundata . Moreover, the established molecular and biochemical tools are ready to be applied to address questions of fundamental research as well as in the targeted design of intrinsically bee-friendly insecticides. Abstract INSIGNIA aims to design and test an innovative, non-invasive, scientifically proven citizen science environmental monitoring protocol for the detection of pesticides by honey bees. It is a 30-month pilot project initiated and financed by the EC (PP-1-1-2018; EC SANTE). The study is being carried out by a consortium of specialists in honey bees, apiculture, statistics, analytics, modelling, extension, social science and citizen science from twelve countries. Honey bee colonies are excellent bio-samplers of biological material such as nectar, pollen and plant pathogens, as well as non-biological material such as pesticides or airborne contamination. Honey bee colonies forage over a circle of 1 km radius, increasing to several km if required, depending on the availability and attractiveness of food. All material collected is accumulated in the hive. Abstract The ICP-PR Bee Brood Working Group (WG) was founded at the 9 th Symposium held at York, UK, in 2005. It was chaired by Roland Becker (BASF) until the 13 th Symposium in 2017 in Valencia, Spain; the WG is currently chaired by Verena Tänzler (Ibacon)), Luk","PeriodicalId":30493,"journal":{"name":"JuliusKuhnArchiv","volume":"1 1","pages":"75-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44938537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EFSA bee guidance document 2.0","authors":"C. Szentes","doi":"10.5073/JKA.2020.465.033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5073/JKA.2020.465.033","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":30493,"journal":{"name":"JuliusKuhnArchiv","volume":" ","pages":"72-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47514864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishing realistic exposure estimates of solitary bee larvae via pollen using inter species correlation models","authors":"T. Pamminger, Christof W. Schneider, M. Bergtold","doi":"10.5073/JKA.2020.465.042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5073/JKA.2020.465.042","url":null,"abstract":"s: Poster 90 Julius-Kühn-Archiv, 465, 2020 1.4.P Establishing realistic exposure estimates of solitary bee larvae via pollen using inter species correlation models Tobias Pamminger, Christof Schneider, Matthias Bergtold BASF SE E-Mail: tobias.pamminger@basf.com DOI 10.5073/jka.2020.465.042","PeriodicalId":30493,"journal":{"name":"JuliusKuhnArchiv","volume":" ","pages":"90-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43357717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lethality of Imidacloprid and Fipronil on Apis mellifera : a retrospective on the French case","authors":"Isaac Mestres Lóbez","doi":"10.5073/JKA.2020.465.023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5073/JKA.2020.465.023","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study is to draw a retrospective analysis on the lethality of imidacloprid (Gaucho®) and fipronil (Regent® TS) on Apis mellifera between 1992 and 2016 in France. Early monitoring reports in the 1992-2002 period notified these two embedded insecticides to be at the origin of massive colony collapse disorders. Ecotoxicological analyses based on the LD50 of imidacloprid and fipronil highlighted their differential lethality by both contact (imidacloprid: 81 ng/honeybee vs fipronil: 5,9 ng/honeybee) and ingestion (imidacloprid: 3,7 ng/honeybee vs fipronil: 4,2 ng/honeybee) but failed to point imidacloprid’s high solubility as a higher lethal agent. Chemical properties and action mode of these two insecticides originated neural disfunction in the case of imidacloprid, and honeybee brood immune depression for fipronil. Despite the conduction of these monitoring reports and laboratory researches, Fipronil was completely banned in 2005 but Imidacloprid only in 2016.","PeriodicalId":30493,"journal":{"name":"JuliusKuhnArchiv","volume":"1 1","pages":"59-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45037052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk of exposure in soil and sublethal effects of systemic insecticides on ground-nesting hoary squash bees","authors":"D. Chan, R. Prosser, J. Rodríguez-Gil, N. E. Raine","doi":"10.5073/JKA.2020.465.026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5073/JKA.2020.465.026","url":null,"abstract":"Ground-nesting solitary bees comprise 70% of bee species in temperate climates. In these species, female bees contact relatively large amounts of soil as they excavate their nests. Using the hoary squash bee (Peponapis pruinosa) as a model species, we evaluated the risk to adult female ground-nesting bees of exposure to lethal doses of systemic insecticide residues (clothianidin, thiamethoxam, imidacloprid, chlorantraniliprole) in agricultural soil in Ontario, Canada. To do this, we gathered agricultural soil samples at biologically relevant depths both during the bee-active period (July/August) and before insecticide application was made. Samples were analyzed for insecticide residues, and the residue concentrations were fitted to a distribution curve relating concentration to probability of exposure. Three LD50 benchmarks were then applied to the distribution curve to determine the probability of exceeding these benchmarks. Our assessment demonstrated high risk to ground-nesting bees, of exposure to lethal doses of clothianidin, thiamethoxam, and imidacloprid residues in agricultural soil based on the hoary squash bee model. No exposure risk was found for chlorantraniliprole. In parallel to our risk assessment, we introduced mated adult female hoary squash bees into net-covered hoophouses in which a squash crop had been treated with imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, or chlorantraniliprole or not treated to evaluate the effects of exposure to these insecticides on nest establishment, reproduction, and pollen harvest. Statistically significant sublethal effects on pollen harvest, nest establishment, and reproduction were found for bees exposed to imidacloprid-treated squash plants with no effects found for bees exposed to squash plants treated with thiamethoxam or chlorantraniliprole. 4.2 Biopesticides and Pollinators – Examples and requirements on risk assessment from a technical perspective Stefan Kimmel Innovative Environmental Services (IES) LTD, Benkenstr. 260, CH-4108 Witterswil E-Mail: s.kimmel@ies-ltd.ch DOI 10.5073/jka.2020.465.027","PeriodicalId":30493,"journal":{"name":"JuliusKuhnArchiv","volume":" ","pages":"65-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44363086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bee pollinator toxicogenomics: an interdisciplinary approach to unravel molecular determinants of insecticide selectivity","authors":"Marion Zaworra, R. Nauen","doi":"10.5073/JKA.2020.465.036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5073/JKA.2020.465.036","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":30493,"journal":{"name":"JuliusKuhnArchiv","volume":"1 1","pages":"74-75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45909334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applying the mechanistic honey bee colony model BEEHAVE to inform test designs of Large-Scale Colony Feeding Study (LCFS)","authors":"S. Hinarejos, F. Abi-Akar, N. Galic, Amelie Schmolke","doi":"10.5073/JKA.2020.465.034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5073/JKA.2020.465.034","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":30493,"journal":{"name":"JuliusKuhnArchiv","volume":"1 1","pages":"73-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46690862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Honeybee brood testing under semi-field and field conditions according to Oomen and OECD GD 75: is there a difference of the brood termination rate?","authors":"J. Lückmann, Verena Tänzler","doi":"10.5073/JKA.2020.465.043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5073/JKA.2020.465.043","url":null,"abstract":"According to current European regulations on the risk assessment of plant protection products, the risk on honey bee larvae or honey bee brood has to be addressed. If the assessment indicates, that a potential risk cannot be excluded based on data derived from laboratory studies, two higher-tier options are given by the EFSA bee Guidance Document to refine this under more realistic conditions: the Oomen bee brood feeding test and brood studies performed according to the OECD Guidance Document 75. Both study types focus on the brood termination rate (BTR) as the key endpoint. While the Oomen brood test investigates the brood development after the acute or chronic administration of a test item spiked sugar solution to unconfined colonies, brood studies according to OECD GD 75 are performed under semi-field confined exposure conditions and examine potential effects on the bee brood after the overspray of a bee attractive flowering crop. However, the evaluation of historical data from semi-field studies according to OECD GD 75 showed a strong variability of the BTR of pre-imaginal stages developing from marked eggs (BTReggs) in the control. As an alternative, field studies according to EPPO 170 which comprise bee brood evaluations according to OECD GD 75 were considered to produce more reliable termination data. The statistical analysis of available control data shows that Oomen feeding studies and bee brood studies performed under field conditions lead to significantly lower BTReggs of = 20% compared to semi-field bee brood studies for which a mean BTR of about 30% is observed. Moreover, studies with unconfined colonies show a high proportion of control replicates with BTReggs =30% and =40% indicating a higher reliability compared to semifield studies. A comparison of the possibilities and limitations of the three methods shows the strength of each method. In Oomen studies, the exposure of the brood and of the hive bees only can be regarded as artificial. However, the test concentrations can be adjusted to specific needs and to different feeding durations of at least one (acute) or 9 days (chronic). Furthermore, the absence of ‘caging effects’, the low dependency on climatic or crop conditions, the potential to test also herbicides which control dicotyledonous plants (since no crop plant is adversely affected by its mode of action) and an exposure period of at least nine days in chronic Oomen studies are crucial advantages. In contrast, the exposure scenarios of the two other methods are much more realistic and especially for semi-field studies a worst-case situation. Moreover, they also include exposure via pollen and exposure levels and durations, which strongly depend on the application rate and the flowering period of the treated crop. Whereas a dilution of plant protection product residues cannot be excluded during the exposure period in studies with unconfined colonies due to the shift to untreated flowering plants in the surrounding, this is ","PeriodicalId":30493,"journal":{"name":"JuliusKuhnArchiv","volume":"1 1","pages":"91-95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41351237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measures taken - the Swiss national action plan for bee health","authors":"K. Knauer","doi":"10.5073/JKA.2020.465.032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5073/JKA.2020.465.032","url":null,"abstract":"The annual winter losses of honey bees in Switzerland vary between 9% and 23% during the years 2008 to 2019 and are exceeding the as normal defined 10% level. The causes for the losses can have several reasons. However, one of the main reasons is the infection of the honeybees with the Varroa mite. Therefore, a health services for bees was founded to offer education programs for beekeepers and to support beekeepers in preventing and combating diseases. Switzerland further decided in 2014 to implement an action plan to promote the health of bees. Measures have been taken in the areas of disease prevention, promotion of food supply and reduction of risks from plant protection products. Immediate measures have been implemented such as the inclusion of a flowering strip in the Direct Payments Ordinance and measures to protect bees from plant protection products. Switzerland is actively involved in the development of new OECD test guidelines to evaluate the acute and chronic risk to honey- and wild bees. Honey and wild bees play an important role in pollination of agricultural crops and wild plants. The current situation is in evaluation to decide if further measures are needed.","PeriodicalId":30493,"journal":{"name":"JuliusKuhnArchiv","volume":"1 1","pages":"68-71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42015328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BEEHAVE validation and resulting insights for the design of field studies with bees","authors":"A. Agatz, M. Miles, Thorsten Schad, T. Preuss","doi":"10.5073/JKA.2020.465.035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5073/JKA.2020.465.035","url":null,"abstract":"Factors affecting honey bee health are manifold (including diseases, parasites, pesticides, environment and socioeconomic factors). A lack of standard procedures for higher tier risk assessment of plant protection products for bees makes coherent availability of data, their interpretation, and their use for higher tier risk assessment challenging. Focus has therefore been given to the development of modelling approaches which in the future could fill this gap. BEEHAVE is the first model attempting to link two of the processes vital for the assessment of bee mortality; the within-hive dynamics for honey bee colonies and bee foraging in heterogeneous and dynamic landscapes. Here we show results of several BEEHAVE validation studies conducted. We specifically focus on insights gathered through these modelling exercises for the design and the usability of field studies for further development, testing and validation of the BEEHAVE model. Overall the model validation shows that predictions of bee hive dynamics fit observations of the total number of adult bees, the total number of offspring in the hive, and the production of drones well. This result underpins the results of the EFSA evaluation of the BEEHAVE model, that the most important inhive dynamics are represented and correctly implemented in the model, with empirical evidence. Agreement between data and model predictions is particularly high for the initial experimental phase prior the generally conducted relocation of the bee hive from the actual experimental landscape to an overwintering site. Increased discrepancy following the relocation is an artefact of lack of information on the landscape characterisation of the overwintering site for model parameterisation; leading to increased inaccuracy of the model prediction for pollen and nectar resources in the hive, that in turn determines the abundance of bees and thus the overwintering survival probability of the colony. It is vital to redistribute experimental efforts allocated to a field study to better assess the suitability of using BEEHAVE for the prediction of bee colony overwintering survival as an important endpoint for higher-tier risk assessment for bees. A more equal bee hive and landscape investigation throughout the entire field study, rather than a bias towards the actual exposure phase, is required to improve data availability for model validation. 5.3 Bee pollinator toxicogenomics: an interdisciplinary approach to unravel molecular determinants of insecticide selectivity Marion Zaworra, Ralf Nauen Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, Research and Development, Alfred-Nobel-Straße 50, 40789 Monheim am Rhein, Germany E-Mail: marion.zaworra@bayer.com; ralf.nauen@bayer.com DOI 10.5073/jka.2020.465.036","PeriodicalId":30493,"journal":{"name":"JuliusKuhnArchiv","volume":"1 1","pages":"74-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49066680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}