{"title":"On the use of test cases in model-based software product line development","authors":"Alexander Knapp, M. Roggenbach, H. Schlingloff","doi":"10.1145/2648511.2648539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2648511.2648539","url":null,"abstract":"We address the question of how to select test cases in a controlled model-based software product line development process. CVL, the common variability language, provides a framework for materialization of product models from a given variability model and resolution model. Reflecting common practice, we assume that test case development for product line is independent from product development. In such a setting, the question arises which test cases can be applied to which products. To this end, we describe a procedure and tool set for assigning the outcome of a test case on an arbitrary member of a software product line using UML base and CVL variability models. As a case study, we demonstrate our approach with the example of a product line of automatic espresso machines.","PeriodicalId":303765,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 18th International Software Product Line Conference - Volume 1","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127454354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sana Ben Nasr, Nicolas Sannier, M. Acher, B. Baudry
{"title":"Moving toward product line engineering in a nuclear industry consortium","authors":"Sana Ben Nasr, Nicolas Sannier, M. Acher, B. Baudry","doi":"10.1145/2648511.2648545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2648511.2648545","url":null,"abstract":"Nuclear power plants are some of the most sophisticated and complex energy systems ever designed. These systems perform safety critical functions and must conform to national safety institutions and international regulations. In many cases, regulatory documents provide very high level and ambiguous requirements that leave a large margin for interpretation. As the French nuclear industry is now seeking to spread its activities outside France, it is but necessary to master the ins and the outs of the variability between countries safety culture and regulations. This sets both an industrial and a scientific challenge to introduce and propose a product line engineering approach to an unaware industry whose safety culture is made of interpretations, specificities, and exceptions. This paper presents our current work within the French R&D project CONNEXION, while introducing variability modeling to the French nuclear industry. In particular, we discuss the background, the quest for the best variability paradigm, the practical modeling of requirements variability as well as the mapping between variable requirements and variable architecture elements.","PeriodicalId":303765,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 18th International Software Product Line Conference - Volume 1","volume":"145 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122057889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Kodama, J. Shimabukuro, Yoshimitsu Takagi, Shinobu Koizumi, S. Tano
{"title":"Experiences with commonality control procedures to develop clinical instrument system","authors":"R. Kodama, J. Shimabukuro, Yoshimitsu Takagi, Shinobu Koizumi, S. Tano","doi":"10.1145/2648511.2648540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2648511.2648540","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports our experience with software development based on the Software Product Line (SPL) approach employed for Clinical Instrument Integration Management Software (CIIMS). CIIMS is the system software which systemizes heterogeneous clinical instruments. These instruments require their particular management so that various parts of CIIMS are forced to be changed. This makes it difficult to create development plans to connect new instruments to CIIMS. In this paper we summarize a new estimate method called the Architecture Domain Matrix (ADM) method which effectively solved this problem in our experience. In ADM each architectural element is further decomposed into clinical operation flow elements and core assets of software are extracted from these elements. This method estimates the CIIMS commonality with precision and finally enables to successfully connect new instruments. In addition this method provides a Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) and supports development team building. WBS is generated by collecting all the changes for each operational flow element. A development team suitable for change is organized by taking into consideration all the changes for each architecture element. We integrated three different instruments into CIIMS in 18 months after applying this method to a real project and achieved 2.5 times greater productivity with the embedded software than that with our previous non-SPL process.","PeriodicalId":303765,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 18th International Software Product Line Conference - Volume 1","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122278333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Behaviour interactions among product-line features","authors":"Pourya Shaker, J. Atlee","doi":"10.1145/2648511.2648538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2648511.2648538","url":null,"abstract":"A software product line (SPL) is often constructed as a set of features, such that individual products can be assembled from a set of common features and a selection of optional features. Although features are conceptualized, developed, and evolved as separate concerns, it is often the case that, in practice, they interfere with each other -- called a feature interaction. In this paper, we precisely define what it means for one feature to have a behaviour interaction with another feature, where the behaviour of one feature is affected by the presence of another feature. Specifically, we use a form of bisimilarity to define when the behaviour of a feature in isolation differs from its behaviour in the presence of an interacting feature. We also consider the case where features are modelled in a language that allows the specification of intended interactions, and we adapt our use of bisimilarity to provide a formal definition for unintended behaviour interactions.","PeriodicalId":303765,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 18th International Software Product Line Conference - Volume 1","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126761131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Susan P. Gregg, Rick Scharadin, Eric LeGore, P. Clements
{"title":"Lessons from AEGIS: organizational and governance aspects of a major product line in a multi-program environment","authors":"Susan P. Gregg, Rick Scharadin, Eric LeGore, P. Clements","doi":"10.1145/2648511.2648541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2648511.2648541","url":null,"abstract":"This paper tells the story of the AEGIS Weapon System product line and how it evolved from a series of standalone software programs with no sharing into a true systems and software product line. The paper focuses on the strong internal and external governance of the product line. The need for strong governance is brought about by the strong role that the AEGIS customer community plays in oversight of design, development, and procurement. The paper recounts the product line's beginnings, and describes how the product line is operated today. Organizational issues, measurement issues, and governance issues are covered, along with a summary of important lessons learned about operating a product line in an environment of strong competing interests.","PeriodicalId":303765,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 18th International Software Product Line Conference - Volume 1","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129678051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Preference-based feature model configuration with multiple stakeholders","authors":"Jacob Stein, Ingrid Nunes, Elder Cirilo","doi":"10.1145/2648511.2648525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2648511.2648525","url":null,"abstract":"Feature model configuration is known to be a hard, error-prone and time-consuming activity. This activity gets even more complicated when it involves multiple stakeholders in the configuration process. Research work has proposed approaches to aid multi-stakeholder feature model configuration, but they rely on systematic processes that constraint decisions of some of the stakeholders. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to improve the multi-stakeholder configuration process, considering stakeholders' preferences expressed through both hard and soft constraints. Based on such preferences, we recommend different product configurations using different strategies from the social choice theory. We conducted an empirical study to evaluate the effectiveness of our strategies with respect to individual stakeholder satisfaction and fairness among all stakeholders. Results indicate that particular strategies perform best with respect to these aspects.","PeriodicalId":303765,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 18th International Software Product Line Conference - Volume 1","volume":"232 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132572401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Risk based testing for software product line engineering","authors":"H. Hartmann, F. V. Linden, J. Bosch","doi":"10.1145/2648511.2648535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2648511.2648535","url":null,"abstract":"The variability of product lines increases over time thereby leading to an increasing effort for testing. Since the available time for test activities is limited an efficiency improvement is needed to ensure that products have sufficient quality. This paper introduces risk-based testing for software product lines. Our approach is based on risk based testing for single system engineering which is extended with a dimension that captures the percentage of product variants that use a particular development artifact. Based on the risk of development artifacts, the priorities for domain and application engineering are determined. We demonstrate our approach using a case study from an existing product line and discuss tool support. We conclude that the basic ideas behind risk-based testing for product lines are intuitive, pragmatic in nature, and provide the means for practitioners for guiding the test effort.","PeriodicalId":303765,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 18th International Software Product Line Conference - Volume 1","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126103541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"SPLTea 2014: First International Workshop on Software Product Line Teaching","authors":"M. Acher, R. Lopez-Herrejon, Rick Rabiser","doi":"10.1145/2648511.2648551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2648511.2648551","url":null,"abstract":"Education has a key role to play for disseminating the constantly growing body of Software Product Line (SPL) knowledge. Teaching SPLs is challenging and it is unclear how SPLs can be taught, what are the possible benefits, or what is the material available. This workshop aims to explore and explain the current status and ongoing work on teaching SPLs at universities, colleges, and in industry (e.g., by consultants). Participants will discuss gaps and difficulties faced when teaching SPLs, benefits to research and industry, different ways to teach SPL knowledge, common threads, interests, and problems. The overall goal is to strengthen the important aspect of teaching in the SPL community.","PeriodicalId":303765,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 18th International Software Product Line Conference - Volume 1","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130546840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Self-adaptive systems, services, and product lines","authors":"L. Baresi","doi":"10.1145/2648511.2648512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2648511.2648512","url":null,"abstract":"Self-adaptive systems, services, and product lines can be seen as different facets of the same problem. Self-adaptation provides the requirements, product lines a conceptual means to frame them, and services a possible technology to implement the resulting systems. This short paper starts presenting an overview of the many solutions proposed for adding self-adaptive capabilities to software systems. It also introduces service-based solutions and software product lines to discuss what self-adaptive systems can borrow from them. The paper proposes then the solutions we have developed so far to contribute to the aforementioned scenario. It touches FLAGS, for eliciting the requirements of these systems, DYNAMO, an example of flexible and dynamic service compositions, and DyBPEL, a means to enact dynamic service-centric product lines. Some final remarks conclude the paper.","PeriodicalId":303765,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 18th International Software Product Line Conference - Volume 1","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131500466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rafael Olaechea, Derek Rayside, Jianmei Guo, K. Czarnecki
{"title":"Comparison of exact and approximate multi-objective optimization for software product lines","authors":"Rafael Olaechea, Derek Rayside, Jianmei Guo, K. Czarnecki","doi":"10.1145/2648511.2648521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2648511.2648521","url":null,"abstract":"Software product lines (SPLs) allow stakeholders to manage product variants in a systematical way and derive variants by selecting features. Finding a desirable variant is often difficult, due to the huge configuration space and usually conflicting objectives (e.g., lower cost and higher performance). This scenario can be characterized as a multi-objective optimization problem applied to SPLs. We address the problem using an exact and an approximate algorithm and compare their accuracy, time consumption, scalability, parameter setting requirements on five case studies with increasing complexity. Our empirical results show that (1) it is feasible to use exact techniques for small SPL multi-objective optimization problems, and (2) approximate methods can be used for large problems but require substantial effort to find the best parameter setting for acceptable approximation which can be ameliorated with known good parameter ranges. Finally, we discuss the tradeoff between accuracy and time consumption when using exact and approximate techniques for SPL multi-objective optimization and guide stakeholders to choose one or the other in practice.","PeriodicalId":303765,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 18th International Software Product Line Conference - Volume 1","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116704426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}