Revue Internationale de Politique de Developpement最新文献_第10页

Trying to Be All Things to All People: Alternative Development in Afghanistan 试图为所有人提供一切:阿富汗的另一种发展

Revue Internationale de Politique de Developpement Pub Date : 2020-08-27 DOI: 10.4000/poldev.3751

D. Mansfield

{"title":"Trying to Be All Things to All People: Alternative Development in Afghanistan","authors":"D. Mansfield","doi":"10.4000/poldev.3751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/poldev.3751","url":null,"abstract":"Alternative development has had little success in Afghanistan. Understood and implemented as geographically bounded interventions designed to reduce drug crop cultivation, these projects failed to achieve their objectives throughout the 1990s. Since 2001, following the fall of the Taliban, unprecedented rises in levels of opium production, and an inflow of substantial amounts of aid, alternative development came to mean different things to different people in Afghanistan. To some, alternative development continued as short-term interventions designed to extract agreements from communities to reduce opium production, or reward those that had already done so. To others, it could be any development programme implemented in a poppy growing, or potential poppy growing, area often without any consideration of the causes of cultivation and how they differed by location, gender or socio-economic group. This chapter argues that a lack of consistency and clarity in approach—and in particular the failure to articulate and implement a strategy to support farmers transitioning to licit livelihoods within a changing framework of development assistance—confined alternative development and efforts to reduce poppy cultivation though rural development to the margins in Afghanistan. To quote Corinthians, in trying ‘to be all things to all people’, alternative development saved no one.","PeriodicalId":30371,"journal":{"name":"Revue Internationale de Politique de Developpement","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47705438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

The Neo-Patrimonial ‘Use’ of Drug Policy in Electoral Processes 毒品政策在选举过程中的新“使用”

Revue Internationale de Politique de Developpement Pub Date : 2020-08-27 DOI: 10.4000/poldev.3842

Khalid Tinasti

{"title":"The Neo-Patrimonial ‘Use’ of Drug Policy in Electoral Processes","authors":"Khalid Tinasti","doi":"10.4000/poldev.3842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/poldev.3842","url":null,"abstract":"The prohibition of illegal drug production, use and trafficking has resulted in several shortcomings and negative consequences for other global development objectives. According to available evidence, current drug control policies undermine the international community’s commitments to public health, criminal justice, sustainable development, women rights, human rights, poverty alleviation and the reduction of inequalities. This policy comment focuses on the impact of repressive drug policies on state institutions and politics. In a unique conjunction of interests, prohibition allows transnational criminal organisations to weaken state institutions, corrupt civil and military officials and influence control policies because of the entrenched neo-patrimonialism in political life. Therefore, prohibition allows populist and political contenders to stigmatise a minority population—people who use drugs, in opposition to the desires of the majority rule. The use of political emotions, based on fear or promise of change, undermines effective responses to drugs, erodes the rule of law and trust between authorities and populations, and weakens state institutions and democratic governance. This policy comment provides examples from low- and middle-income countries, as well as cases from high-income countries, of the impact of drug prohibition and its illegal proceeds on governance through neo-patrimonialism, clientelism and the weakening of institutions.","PeriodicalId":30371,"journal":{"name":"Revue Internationale de Politique de Developpement","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49668246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Cannabis Regulation and Development: Fair(er) Trade Options for Emerging Legal Markets 大麻监管与发展：新兴法律市场的公平贸易选择

Revue Internationale de Politique de Developpement Pub Date : 2020-08-27 DOI: 10.4000/poldev.3758

D. Bewley-Taylor, M. Jelsma, Sylvia Kay

{"title":"Cannabis Regulation and Development: Fair(er) Trade Options for Emerging Legal Markets","authors":"D. Bewley-Taylor, M. Jelsma, Sylvia Kay","doi":"10.4000/poldev.3758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/poldev.3758","url":null,"abstract":"Significant policy shifts have led to an unprecedented boom in medical cannabis markets, while a growing number of countries are moving towards the legal regulation of adult non-medical use. This trend is likely to bring a range of benefits. Yet there are growing concerns over the many for-profit cannabis companies from the global North that are aggressively competing to capture the licit spaces now opening in the multibillion-dollar global cannabis market. This threatens to push small-scale traditional farmers from the global South out of the emerging legal markets. Those trying to transition out of illegality face huge difficulties due to a combination of the legacy of criminalisation and administrative barriers to entry. Conquering and protecting spaces for small-scale farmers within the current overheated and corporate-driven market will require affirmative action, regulation of foreign investment, and well-designed legislative and market strategies. This policy comment explores the unfolding market dynamics from a development perspective and offers a set of guiding principles and policy proposals upon which a more equitable, fair(er) trade cannabis regulation model can be built.","PeriodicalId":30371,"journal":{"name":"Revue Internationale de Politique de Developpement","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45425325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

More Harm Than Public Health in Drug Policy? A Comment 毒品政策危害大于公共健康?一个评论

Revue Internationale de Politique de Developpement Pub Date : 2020-08-27 DOI: 10.4000/poldev.3988

J. Csete

引用次数: 1

The World Drug Policy Problem. An Interview with José Ramos-Horta 世界毒品政策问题。采访josore Ramos-Horta

Revue Internationale de Politique de Developpement Pub Date : 2020-08-27 DOI: 10.4000/poldev.3871

J. Ramos-Horta, Khalid Tinasti

引用次数: 0

Évaluation de l'impact économique de la COVID-19 en Afrique subsaharienne : perspectives à partir d'un modèle d'équilibre général calculable (EGC) 评估COVID-19对撒哈拉以南非洲的经济影响：可计算一般均衡（EGC）模型的前景

Revue Internationale de Politique de Developpement Pub Date : 2020-08-03 DOI: 10.4000/poldev.3546

Calvin Djiofack Zebaze, Hasan Dudu, Albert G. Zeufack

{"title":"Évaluation de l'impact économique de la COVID-19 en Afrique subsaharienne : perspectives à partir d'un modèle d'équilibre général calculable (EGC)","authors":"Calvin Djiofack Zebaze, Hasan Dudu, Albert G. Zeufack","doi":"10.4000/poldev.3546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/poldev.3546","url":null,"abstract":"Dans ce chapitre, nous utilisons un modele d'equilibre general calculable afin d’analyser l'impact economique probable de la pandemie de COVID-19 en Afrique subsaharienne. Nous envisageons trois scenarios : (1) une reponse politique rapide et efficace en Afrique subsaharienne permettant de contenir la propagation de la COVID-19 d’ici a debut juillet 2020 ; (2) une reponse politique lente et inefficace qui prolonge la pandemie jusqu'en 2021 ; (3) un scenario catastrophe combinant le scenario 2 et la fermeture des frontieres dans la region. La baisse du PIB regional en 2020 par rapport a un scenario de reference (dans lequel la pandemie ne survient pas) va de 5,7 % dans le scenario relativement optimiste a 7,65 dans le scenario pessimiste. La pandemie entrainerait une baisse des recettes des taxes et redevances tout en augmentant les depenses, conduisant a une deterioration significative du deficit budgetaire. Les revenus des menages s'effondreraient en raison de la baisse du taux de participation au marche du travail. Les pauvres seraient touches de maniere disproportionnee, car nombre d'entre eux travaillent dans l'agriculture et les services de premiere necessite, des secteurs dans lesquels la production chuterait fortement.","PeriodicalId":30371,"journal":{"name":"Revue Internationale de Politique de Developpement","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48366013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

COVID-19 et pauvreté mondiale : Une évaluation préliminaire COVID-19与全球贫困:初步评估

Revue Internationale de Politique de Developpement Pub Date : 2020-08-03 DOI: 10.4000/poldev.3573

Giovanni Valensisi

引用次数: 3

COVID-19 en Latinoamérica: Diferencias respecto a las economías desarrolladas 拉丁美洲的COVID-19:与发达经济体的差异

Revue Internationale de Politique de Developpement Pub Date : 2020-08-03 DOI: 10.4000/poldev.3532

Eduardo Levy Yeyati, Rodrigo Valdés

引用次数: 1

Trabajar desde casa: implicaciones para los países en desarrollo 在家工作：对发展中国家的影响

Revue Internationale de Politique de Developpement Pub Date : 2020-08-03 DOI: 10.4000/poldev.3522

Charles Gottlieb, Jan Grobovsek, Markus Poschke, Fernando Saltiel

{"title":"Trabajar desde casa: implicaciones para los países en desarrollo","authors":"Charles Gottlieb, Jan Grobovsek, Markus Poschke, Fernando Saltiel","doi":"10.4000/poldev.3522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/poldev.3522","url":null,"abstract":"En este articulo nos proponemos examinar la viabilidad e implicaciones del trabajo a distancia en los paises en vias de desarrollo. Dado que un numero importante de paises ha implementado politicas de distanciamiento interpersonal, la cantidad de trabajo que puede realizarse desde casa va a ser un determinante crucial de los resultados economicos durante la pandemia. En primer lugar mostramos que la proporcion de trabajo que puede realizarse a distancia varia significativamente segun la renta de los paises: en las areas urbanas de los paises pobres, esta proporcion alcanza solo a aproximadamente el 20%, comparado con cerca del 40% en los paises ricos. Este resultado se debe en gran medida al predominio de los trabajadores autonomos (autoempleo) en paises de bajos ingresos. Posteriormente mostramos que el nivel de educacion, el estatus de empleo formal, y la riqueza de los hogares guardan una relacion positiva con la posibilidad de trabajar desde casa, hecho que refleja la vulnerabilidad de varios grupos de trabajadores. Destacamos la importancia de identificar rapidamente a los trabajadores vulnerables en cada pais con el fin de disenar las politicas mas adecuadas para combatir las repercusiones negativas sobre el empleo de la pandemia del Covid-19.","PeriodicalId":30371,"journal":{"name":"Revue Internationale de Politique de Developpement","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48142186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Le travail à domicile : Quelles implications pour les pays en développement ? 在家工作：对发展中国家有什么影响？

Revue Internationale de Politique de Developpement Pub Date : 2020-08-03 DOI: 10.4000/poldev.3507

Charles Gottlieb, Jan Grobovsek, Markus Poschke, Fernando Saltiel

{"title":"Le travail à domicile : Quelles implications pour les pays en développement ?","authors":"Charles Gottlieb, Jan Grobovsek, Markus Poschke, Fernando Saltiel","doi":"10.4000/poldev.3507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/poldev.3507","url":null,"abstract":"Cette contribution propose une analyse de la faisabilite et des implications du travail a domicile (TAD) dans les pays en developpement. En raison de la pandemie de COVID-19, de nombreux Etats ont mis en place des mesures de distanciation sociale. De fait, la part du travail qui pourra se faire au domicile jouera un role majeur dans la determination des resultats economiques constates pendant la periode. Dans cet article, nous montrerons dans un premier temps que la part de l’emploi qui peut etre realisee a distance varie enormement en fonction des revenus des pays : dans les zones urbaines des Etats pauvres, cette part represente 20 % du total, tandis qu’elle monte a 40 % dans les pays riches. Ce taux resulte largement de la prevalence des travailleurs independants dans les pays a faible revenu. Nous montrerons egalement que le niveau d’instruction, un statut formel d’emploi et le niveau de revenus du foyer sont correles positivement a la possibilite de teletravailler et que cela reflete la vulnerabilite de certains groupes sociaux. Nous notons l’importance de l’identification rapide des actifs occupes vulnerables dans les differents pays afin que des politiques adaptees puissent etre pensees pour combattre les effets negatifs de la COVID-19 sur l’emploi.","PeriodicalId":30371,"journal":{"name":"Revue Internationale de Politique de Developpement","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49178689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0