Central European Political Studies Review最新文献

{"title":"Hungarian Late Medieval Sovereigns in the “Austrian Plutarch” by Joseph von Hormayr. Images and their Place in the Historical Discourse of the Habsburg Monarchy (1807–1812)","authors":"G. Ragozin","doi":"10.31168/2619-0877.2021.4.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31168/2619-0877.2021.4.1","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with the early attempts of historical discourse construction in the Habsburg Monarchy. They have found an embodiment in creation of narratives aimed to consolidate the peoples of various legal status and identity development level. The author of this article attempts to reveal the images of late medieval Hungarian monarchs in the Habsburg historical discourse of the early nineteenth century. The material chosen for this analysis was the twenty-volume Austrian Plutarch by Joseph von Hormayr. The work was intended to be a history of all Habsburg possessions. To achieve this, Hormayr chronicled those he considered to be the most significant historical characters of the empire: monarchs, ministers, warlords, scientists, and artists. Besides Habsburg sovereigns and Austrian German celebrities, representatives of the non-Germanic peoples of the Empire received significant attention as well. Hormayr had a special view of Hungary; the political situation in Europe and the Empire caused the whole identity policy and relations between the Crown and Hungarian estates to be reviewed. Hormayr did not produce a separate chapter for Hungarian monarchs, but he presented the Austro-Hungarian neighbourhood as dynamic and justified the inclusion of Hungary in the Habsburg Monarchy. Narratives devoted to the late Middle Ages in the Austrian Plutarch were written to prove this thesis. Furthermore, Hormayr used the general threat image to justify the unification of Austria and Hungary into single empire. According to Hormayr, it was intended to protect each ethnic community and identity from the “Turkish threat” on the European stage. Hormayr used the images of János Hunyadi, Ladislaus Posthumus, Matthias Corvinus, Vladislav II, and Louis II to demonstrate the role of Hungary in repelling the Ottoman threat and to justify the integration of Austria and Hungary as a sensible political and historical decision. The material was at the top of the agenda during the Napoleonic wars and was used to mobilize all the ethnic groups living in the empire against the French threat.","PeriodicalId":30305,"journal":{"name":"Central European Political Studies Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72851962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Traditional Water Management Systems in the Danube Basin before the Introduction of River Regulation. An Essay on Environmental History","authors":"Lajos Rácz","doi":"10.31168/2619-0877.2022.5.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31168/2619-0877.2022.5.1","url":null,"abstract":"The Danube Basin is the most extensive part of the Central European basin area (with the Czech- and the Vienna Basins). The critical peculiarity of the geographical landscape of the basin is the significant expansion of temporarily or permanently water-covered areas. In the traditional age, the size of the water-covered regions depended to a significant degree on the climate and climate changes. The important regional peculiarity of the Danube Basin is that global changes in climate are reflected primarily not in the temperature but rather in levels of precipitation. In my short environmental history essay, I survey the history of water management in the Danube Basin from the Hungarian conquest to the beginning of modernisation in the first half of the nineteenth century. Following the conquest and settling of nomadic tribes, one of the most critical challenges was adapting the subsistence system to the environmental conditions, which was inappropriate for nomadism. From a water management viewpoint, meadow transhumance efficiently takes advantage of the ecological potential of the floodplains, and the channel network manages the problems caused by water shortage or water surplus. Water management became the responsibility of the village communities, which reduced the systemʼs efficiency in the feudal world of the late Middle Ages, but increased its historical stamina. The water-covered areas grew radically in the age of the Turkish wars. This process supported the cold and wet climate regime of the Little Ice Age and demonstrated the need for wartime defence around the forts. After centuries of the Turkish wars, a fundamental need arose to increase the cropland to support demographic growth. Therefore a crucial question of Hungarian modernisation became the regulation of waterways.","PeriodicalId":30305,"journal":{"name":"Central European Political Studies Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78761455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}