Open Journal of Civil Engineering最新文献

Practical Engineering Behavior of Egyptian Collapsible Soils, Laboratory and In-Situ Experimental Study 埃及湿陷性土的实际工程特性，室内和现场试验研究

Open Journal of Civil Engineering Pub Date : 2021-07-30 DOI: 10.4236/ojce.2021.113017

N. Ali

{"title":"Practical Engineering Behavior of Egyptian Collapsible Soils, Laboratory and In-Situ Experimental Study","authors":"N. Ali","doi":"10.4236/ojce.2021.113017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojce.2021.113017","url":null,"abstract":"In many sites on Egypt desert roads collapsible soils is broadly classified as a problematic soils containing silty fine sand which is cemented \u0000with low density and low degree of saturation which is susceptible to a large \u0000and sudden reduction in their volume upon \u0000inundation, with or without vibration in its stress. Four sites have been \u0000studied for new urban, roads and industry work sits, related to increase in natural water \u0000content. These soils go through radical rearrangement of \u0000their particles, causing sudden changes in the stress-deformation behavior \u0000which cause differential settlement of foundation and roads. \u0000This change in volume can lead to foundation failures and \u0000worth of damages under ground public facilities and infrastructure. In this \u0000study, the search program is developed to establish their different behavior under wetting in two \u0000phases: field and laboratory work. The obtained results are useful in mapping \u0000the trend of the factors affected in \u0000assessing soil collapsibility rate or collapse potentials which are observed in construction with volume change problems. The major factors \u0000observed are the natural structure skeleton of the soil particle and its grain \u0000size and mechanism of soil sedimentation. The field collapse potentials value \u0000assigned for these tested sites along Alexandria—Cairo \u0000desert road indicated that the field measured collapsibility potentials are \u0000smaller than those measured on the same extracted undisturbed samples in laboratory \u0000by 15%, which can be saved in coast, change in proposed collapsibility improvement method and \u0000change in select foundation type. Also, field tests evaluate the collapsibility \u0000rate with time and highlight that environmental history and natural soil structure \u0000in field are the important factors affected on these soil collapse, and also, \u0000knowledgeable by collapsible soils during wetting in these sites studied.","PeriodicalId":302856,"journal":{"name":"Open Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130243306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

A Slip-Force Device for Maintaining Constant Lateral Pressure on Retaining Structures in Expansive Soils 膨胀土中支挡结构保持恒侧压力的滑移力装置

Open Journal of Civil Engineering Pub Date : 2021-07-30 DOI: 10.4236/ojce.2021.113020

Yi Wu

{"title":"A Slip-Force Device for Maintaining Constant Lateral Pressure on Retaining Structures in Expansive Soils","authors":"Yi Wu","doi":"10.4236/ojce.2021.113020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojce.2021.113020","url":null,"abstract":"Expansive soils can pose tough issues to civil engineering applications. \u0000In a typical year, expansive soils can cause a greater financial loss than \u0000earthquakes, floods, hurricanes and tornadoes combined. Various means have been \u0000studied to tackle problems associated with expansive soils. The majority of the \u0000methods are based on treatment of the soils. While the methods may be effective \u0000in some cases, their limitations are also obvious: The treatment normally \u0000involves complex processes and may not be eco-friendly in the long run. In many \u0000cases, the effectiveness of the treatment is uncertain. A retaining system that \u0000maintains a constant lateral pressure is proposed, which consists of three \u0000components: the retaining sheet, the slip-force device and the bracing column. \u0000The retaining sheet bears the pressure exerted by expansive backfills and is \u0000not embedded into the soils. Placed between the retaining sheet and bracing \u0000column, the slip-force device permits displacement of the retaining sheet but \u0000keeps the force on the sheet and the bracing column constant. The governing \u0000equation of the motion of the piston in the slip-force device is derived and a \u0000numerical simulation of a practical case is conducted based on the derived \u0000governing equation. Numerical results show that as the expansive soil swell, the \u0000spring force will increase and the piston will move accordingly. When the \u0000pressure of the oil in chamber reaches the \u0000open threshold of the unidirectional relief valve, the valve will open and the \u0000spring force and the oil pressure in the chamber will keep constant. The results \u0000also show that some parameters, such as damping ratio, have very slight \u0000influences on the device behavior, say 2 × 10-6 or even 4.8 × 10-9. \u0000Theoretical and numerical studies prove the effectiveness of the proposed \u0000retaining system.","PeriodicalId":302856,"journal":{"name":"Open Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125560341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Structural Health Monitoring for Reinforced Concrete Containment Using Inner Electrical Resistivity Method 用内电阻率法监测钢筋混凝土安全壳结构健康

Open Journal of Civil Engineering Pub Date : 2021-07-30 DOI: 10.4236/ojce.2021.113019

Mostafa H. Hassaan, M. Elmasry, Nabil Hassan EL Ashkar

{"title":"Structural Health Monitoring for Reinforced Concrete Containment Using Inner Electrical Resistivity Method","authors":"Mostafa H. Hassaan, M. Elmasry, Nabil Hassan EL Ashkar","doi":"10.4236/ojce.2021.113019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojce.2021.113019","url":null,"abstract":"Nuclear power plants (NPPs) are considered as the main source for generating \u0000electricity nowadays in some countries. The effect of impact of heavy fully \u0000loaded aeroplane such as (Boeing 747-200c) causes leakage of the radiation \u0000through the cracks generated on the external RC containment of NPPs, and this \u0000leads to severe damage for humans and cities. In this research paper, external \u0000RC containment is modeled using ANSYS and hit by Boeing 747-200c which is the heavier \u0000aeroplane compared to other jets and causes severe damage for external RC \u0000containment. In addition, the impact location for Boeing 747-200c is considered \u0000at 30 m vertical height. RC containment response was studied after the impact \u0000of an aeroplane and a proposed structural health monitoring technique is \u0000applied using embedded sensors in order to detect and locate the embedded \u0000cracks that is generated due to the effect of impact of heavy aeroplane. It was \u0000concluded that RC containment is intact except for the impact region which is \u0000damaged. An experimental program was applied on a part of the element in ANSYS \u0000which is away from the impact region. Four specimens were cast using heavy \u0000weight concrete in laboratory. Three cracked specimens consist of different \u0000lengths of vertical cracks which represent different times of impact in order \u0000to replicate crack propagation as in ANSYS. The cracks are simulated inside laboratory \u0000specimens using failure criteria. The parameters used in detecting the cracks \u0000for specimens are the percentage change in electrical resistivity and Decimal \u0000Logarithm Resistivity Anisotropy (DLRA) at which they give a good indication \u0000for the presence of the crack.","PeriodicalId":302856,"journal":{"name":"Open Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130651326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Effect of Filler and Binder Contents on Air Voids in Hot-Mix Asphalt for Road Pavement Construction 填料和粘结剂含量对道路路面施工用热混合沥青空隙率的影响

Open Journal of Civil Engineering Pub Date : 2021-07-30 DOI: 10.4236/ojce.2021.113016

Isooba John, M. Bangi, M. Lawrence

{"title":"Effect of Filler and Binder Contents on Air Voids in Hot-Mix Asphalt for Road Pavement Construction","authors":"Isooba John, M. Bangi, M. Lawrence","doi":"10.4236/ojce.2021.113016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojce.2021.113016","url":null,"abstract":"Filler \u0000and binder make up a small proportion of bituminous mixtures, hence they are \u0000considered as important ingredients of mixtures. Sometimes due to equipment \u0000error during production, some mixtures retain extra or a reduced amount of \u0000filler or binder as compared to the design mix formula. It is thought that the \u0000poor performance of bituminous mixtures is a result of inadequate proportioning \u0000of materials and the use of inappropriate compaction tools. This study was \u0000intended to appreciate the influence of contents of filler and binder in \u0000relation to durability in asphalt mixtures. Filler used was crushed stone \u0000passing 0.075 mm sieve, while the binder was 35/50 penetration grade. Several \u0000trial mixes were prepared following Ugandan specifications for Road and Bridge \u0000Works, and the Asphalt Institute in MS-2. Marshall design method was used, \u0000studying volumetric properties with an average stability value of 22.3 kN, \u0000average flow value of 3.7 mm, VA of 4.4%, VFB of 69.3%, and VMA of 14.2%. Also, \u0000compaction of mixtures to assess its performance at optimum filler and binder \u0000contents was done. Compaction was done using an Automatic Impact Hammer, a \u0000Vibrating Hammer, and a Superpave Gyratory compactor aimed at simulating \u0000secondary compaction by traffic and assessing the retained air voids which was \u00003.3%, 1.3%, and 0.7% respectively. Generally, in bituminous mixtures when a \u0000vibrating hammer or a gyratory compactor is recommended for compaction, coarser \u0000mixes would be the best choice.","PeriodicalId":302856,"journal":{"name":"Open Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134032983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Interchange Sight Distance and Design: Aspects and Implementation 交换视距和设计:方面和实现

Open Journal of Civil Engineering Pub Date : 2021-07-30 DOI: 10.4236/ojce.2021.113021

S. Bassan

引用次数: 0

Hardening Properties of Foamed Concrete with Circulating Fluidized Bed Boiler Ash, Blast Furnace Slag, and Desulfurization Gypsum as the Binder 以循环流化床锅炉灰、高炉炉渣、脱硫石膏为粘结剂的泡沫混凝土的硬化性能

Open Journal of Civil Engineering Pub Date : 2021-07-30 DOI: 10.4236/ojce.2021.113018

S. Na, Woong-Geol Lee, M. Song

{"title":"Hardening Properties of Foamed Concrete with Circulating Fluidized Bed Boiler Ash, Blast Furnace Slag, and Desulfurization Gypsum as the Binder","authors":"S. Na, Woong-Geol Lee, M. Song","doi":"10.4236/ojce.2021.113018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojce.2021.113018","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, \u0000a large amount of circulating fluidized bed boiler ash (CFBA) and desulfurization \u0000gypsum (DSG) has been produced, and it is essential to develop technology to \u0000utilize them. These materials have CaO and SO3, which are considered to be a stimulant for blast furnace slag (BFS). This study \u0000presents an experimental investigation of the compressive strength and heavy \u0000metal ions immobilization properties of cement-free materials comprising CFBA, \u0000BFS, and DSG. The feasibility of manufacturing foamed concrete using these \u0000materials was examined, and field test of foamed concrete was conducted. \u0000Experimentally, the flow, compressive strength, and heavy metal ions \u0000concentration were evaluated via inductively coupled plasma atomic emission \u0000spectroscopy (ICP-AES) of the paste and foamed concrete. The experimental investigation \u0000revealed the self-healing hardening ability of fluidized bed boiler ash. In \u0000addition, the compressive strength was increased with the increasing \u0000replacement rates of BFS and DSG in the CFBA paste, and the compressive \u0000strength of 14.6 - 17.2 MPa was recorded over 28 days of curing. From the result obtained, \u0000the feasibility of manufacturing foamed concrete with a foam volume of 120 L, incorporating the aforementioned materials, is confirmed. It was \u0000also found that after 28 days of age, a 7.9-MPa compressive strength of the \u0000foamed concrete was attained, and heavy metal ions elution in this foamed \u0000concrete was also significantly reduced. Therefore, CFBA, BFS, and DSG could be \u0000used as a binder for the foamed concrete.","PeriodicalId":302856,"journal":{"name":"Open Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"78 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132728442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Study on the Girder-End Displacement of a Suspension Bridge Based on Field Measurements 基于现场实测的悬索桥梁端位移研究

Open Journal of Civil Engineering Pub Date : 2021-05-20 DOI: 10.4236/OJCE.2021.112011

Jinchao Zhang, Xiaolong Li, C. Fang, Xingquan Mao, Wenyu Li, Longyun Li, Yi Zhou

{"title":"Study on the Girder-End Displacement of a Suspension Bridge Based on Field Measurements","authors":"Jinchao Zhang, Xiaolong Li, C. Fang, Xingquan Mao, Wenyu Li, Longyun Li, Yi Zhou","doi":"10.4236/OJCE.2021.112011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/OJCE.2021.112011","url":null,"abstract":"The \u0000load-response correlation is a great concern for the management and \u0000maintenance agency of bridges. Based on both the load test data and the \u0000long-term structural health monitoring data, this study aims to characterize \u0000the variation in the girder-end longitudinal displacement of a long-span \u0000suspension bridge, i.e., the Zhaoyun \u0000Bridge in Guangdong Province of China. The load test provides a valuable chance \u0000to investigate the structural deformation in high loading levels, while the \u0000structural health monitoring system records the real-time, in-site, and \u0000long-term measurements in the normal operational stage of bridges. During the \u0000load test, the movement direction of the main girder is found to depend on the \u0000relative position of the center of gravity of the girder and the loading \u0000vehicles. However, over the period of normal operation, the quasi-static \u0000displacement at the ends of the main girder along the bridge axis is dominated \u0000by the temperature variations, rather than the traffic loading. The \u0000temperature-induced deformation is considerable so it should be filtered out \u0000from the structural total responses to highlight the live load effects or the \u0000anomalies of the bridge. As a case study, the temperature-displacement baseline \u0000model of the Zhaoyun Bridge is established and then utilized to identify the \u0000erroneous measurements in the structural health monitoring system. This paper \u0000serves as a reference for the structural behavior interpretation and \u0000performance evaluation of similar bridges.","PeriodicalId":302856,"journal":{"name":"Open Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"127 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117351627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Virtual Principle for Determination Initial Displacements of Reinforced Concrete and Prestressed Concrete (Overtop) Members 钢筋混凝土和预应力混凝土(上部)构件初始位移确定的虚原理

Open Journal of Civil Engineering Pub Date : 2021-05-20 DOI: 10.4236/ojce.2021.112015

M. Balabušić

{"title":"Virtual Principle for Determination Initial Displacements of Reinforced Concrete and Prestressed Concrete (Overtop) Members","authors":"M. Balabušić","doi":"10.4236/ojce.2021.112015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojce.2021.112015","url":null,"abstract":"Theoretical approach with analytical and numerical procedure for \u0000determination initial displacement of a reinforced and prestressed concrete \u0000members, simple and cantilever beams, loaded by axial forces and bending \u0000moments is proposed. It is based on the \u0000principle of minimum potential energy with equality of internal and \u0000external forces. The equations for strain internal energy have been derived, \u0000including compressed and tensile concrete and reinforcement. The energy equations of the external forces with axial flexural \u0000displacement effects have been derived from the assumed sinusoidal \u0000curve. The trapezoid rule is applied to integrate the segment strain energy. \u0000The proposed method uses a non-linear stress-strain curve for the concrete and bilinear elastic-plastic \u0000relationship for reinforcement; equilibrium conditions at a sectional level to \u0000generate the strain energies along the beam. At the end of this article are \u0000shown three specific numerical examples with comparative, experimental (two \u0000tests) results with the excellent agreement and one calculation result with a \u0000great disagreement, by obtaining results of virtual principle method. With \u0000this method is avoiding the adoption of an unsure (EJ), as in the case of \u0000underestimating or overestimate initial flexural rigidity.","PeriodicalId":302856,"journal":{"name":"Open Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134410448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Rubblization: A Practical, Cost Effective and Sustainable Option for Repairing Deteriorated Airfield Pavement in the Empty Quarter Desert of Saudi Arabia 碎石:在沙特阿拉伯空旷的沙漠地区修复恶化的机场路面的一种实用、经济和可持续的选择

Open Journal of Civil Engineering Pub Date : 2021-05-20 DOI: 10.4236/ojce.2021.112014

W. Khatri, M. A. Mehthel, S. A. Ghamdi, Nezar Al Khalifa

{"title":"Rubblization: A Practical, Cost Effective and Sustainable Option for Repairing Deteriorated Airfield Pavement in the Empty Quarter Desert of Saudi Arabia","authors":"W. Khatri, M. A. Mehthel, S. A. Ghamdi, Nezar Al Khalifa","doi":"10.4236/ojce.2021.112014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/ojce.2021.112014","url":null,"abstract":"Rubblization technique has been extensively used to repair the damaged \u0000concrete pavement and has proven successful in developed countries like the US \u0000and Europe. It has not been fully adopted in developing region like the Middle \u0000East and this paper presents the design and construction challenges posed while \u0000assessing damaged concrete runway in empty quarter of Saudi Arabia. A number of design options for repairs for runway \u0000pavement were considered and rubblization was chosen as a preferred \u0000option for repair. This paper includes the consideration for the assessment and \u0000adoption of the concrete rubblized modulus value using the falling weight \u0000deflectometer, optimization of the tests for \u0000the whole runway using the Heavy Weight Deflectometer HWD testing to \u0000replace pits, safely working around the utilities, reasonable assumption of \u0000drop height of the pavement and installation of utility conduits in the \u0000rubblized layer. Findings of the paper demonstrates resolving technical \u0000issues which are not very well covered in the Federal Aviation Authority (FAA) \u0000EB-66 such as the additional test strips, minimum areas of rubblization for \u0000assessment using test pits, drop in the height of concrete surface and fixing \u0000of utilities in rubblized pavement. The case study demonstrates that the \u0000rubblization can be successfully carried out in remote locations like empty \u0000quarter of Saudi Arabia with carefully carried out detailed site \u0000investigations, adopting correct assumed \u0000design rubblization modulus, quality control using HWD, protection of \u0000utilities while rubblizing and use of polymer modified asphalt for successful \u0000project deployment.","PeriodicalId":302856,"journal":{"name":"Open Journal of Civil Engineering","volume":"5 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130506051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ethical Principles Underlying the Assessment of Indirect Losses Due to Earthquakes 地震间接损失评估的伦理原则

Open Journal of Civil Engineering Pub Date : 2021-05-20 DOI: 10.4236/OJCE.2021.112012

J. Garcia-Pérez, E. García-López

引用次数: 0