{"title":"Neurobiologically Plausible Computational Models","authors":"Gabriel Kreiman","doi":"10.1017/9781108649995.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108649995.008","url":null,"abstract":"Supplementary content at http://bit.ly/2HpAqRm We have been traveling through the wonderful territory of the visual cortex, examining the properties of different brain areas and neural circuits, learning about how animals and their neurons respond to visual stimuli and what happens when different parts of the visual cortex are lesioned or artificially stimulated. It is now time to put all this biological knowledge into a theory of visual recognition and to instantiate this theory through a computational model that can see and interpret the world. En route toward this goal, here we start by discussing how scientists describe neural circuits using computational models and define the basic properties of neural networks.","PeriodicalId":302701,"journal":{"name":"Biological and Computer Vision","volume":"107 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131832579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Toward a World with Intelligent Machines That Can Interpret the Visual World","authors":"Gabriel Kreiman","doi":"10.1017/9781108649995.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108649995.010","url":null,"abstract":"In the previous chapter, we introduced the idea of directly comparing computational models versus human behavior in visual tasks. For example, we assess how models classify an image versus how humans classify the same image. In some tasks, the types of errors made by computational models can be similar to human mistakes. Here we will dig deeper into what current computer vision algorithms can and cannot do. We will highlight the enormous power of current computational models, while at the same time emphasizing some of their limitations and the exciting work ahead of us to build better models.","PeriodicalId":302701,"journal":{"name":"Biological and Computer Vision","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123120727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"From the Highest Echelons of Visual Processing to Cognition","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/9781108649995.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108649995.007","url":null,"abstract":"Supplementary content at http://bit.ly/364H8WR The inferior temporal cortex (ITC) is the highest echelon within the visual stream concerned with processing visual shape information. The Felleman and Van Essen diagram (Chapter 1, Figure 1.5) places the hippocampus at the top. While visual responses can be elicited in the hippocampus, people with bilateral lesions to the hippocampus can still see very well. A famous example is a patient known as H. M., who had no known visual deficit but gave rise to the whole field of memory studies based on his inability to form new memories. The hippocampus is not a visual area and instead receives inputs from all sensory modalities (Chapter 4). The history of how the inferior temporal cortex became accepted and described as a visual area is fascinating and follows the refinements in the ability to make more precise lesions and controlled behavioral experiments. In stark contrast to the hippocampus, bilateral lesions to the ITC are associated with impairment in visual object recognition in macaque monkeys (Section 4.7), and with several object agnosias in humans (Section 4.8). We are beginning to decipher the neural code that represents how visual scenes are interpreted.","PeriodicalId":302701,"journal":{"name":"Biological and Computer Vision","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134393895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Creating and Altering Visual Percepts through Lesions and Electrical Stimulation","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/9781108649995.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108649995.005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":302701,"journal":{"name":"Biological and Computer Vision","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130150613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Adventures into Terra Incognita","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/9781108649995.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108649995.006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":302701,"journal":{"name":"Biological and Computer Vision","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127188018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Phenomenology of Seeing","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/9781108649995.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108649995.004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":302701,"journal":{"name":"Biological and Computer Vision","volume":"113 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121781115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Travels of a Photon","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/9781108649995.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108649995.003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":302701,"journal":{"name":"Biological and Computer Vision","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124608466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}