Papers from the Institute of Archaeology最新文献

{"title":"Ancient Lives, New Stories: Current Research on the Ancient Near East - Introduction","authors":"Lucy Sladen","doi":"10.14324/111.444.2041-9015.1332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14324/111.444.2041-9015.1332","url":null,"abstract":"The first edition of the London Postgraduate Conference for the Ancient Near East (LPCANE) took place on 1st and 2nd December 2018 at the British Museum in London. It bore the title Ancient Lives, New Stories: Current Research on the Ancient Near East, which aimed to highlight how new research and new approaches can shed light on hotly debated topics of the past and open new avenues of research. Aimed at graduate students (Master’s and PhD) and early career researchers, the primary objective of this event was to create a forum of discussion for emerging scholars to showcase their research at any stage of progress and to foster exchange between the diverse disciplines working on the Ancient Near East, including Archaeology, Assyriology, Anthropology, Historiography, Conservation and Museum Studies. Near Eastern Archaeology, Assyriology and sister disciplines often tread separate paths in spite of having a common focus of attention. Thus, in this conference we aimed to highlight overlapping ideas and the interaction and complementarity between the knowledge derived from material culture, textual sources and other types of studies, and collaboration among scholars from different disciplines was facilitated and encouraged. The chronological periods under consideration were the Palaeolithic to the Islamic conquest, and the geographical scope, Anatolia to Afghanistan and the Caucasus to the Arabian Peninsula. ","PeriodicalId":30238,"journal":{"name":"Papers from the Institute of Archaeology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48708689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Late Holocene lithic points from a Southern Brazilian mound: The Pororó site","authors":"João Carlos Moreno de Sousa,Anderson Marques Garcia","doi":"10.14324/111.444.2041-9015.1186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14324/111.444.2041-9015.1186","url":null,"abstract":"Most lithic industries associated with hunter-gatherergroups in Eastern South America, especially the ones with points present, date tothe Early Holocene, with some minor industries and lithic points typologiespersisting until the Middle Holocene and, more rarely, until the Late Holocene.This is the case for the Garivaldinense lithic industry associated pointstypologies. In this article we present the technological analysis of the pointsidentified at the Pororó site, located in central Rio Grande do Sul State,Brazil. The site is an artificial mound dated to around 2,500 BP. We applied anestablished protocol for analysis of stemmed points considering metric,morphological and technological features that allowed us to classify the artefactsin typologies. We identified two types of points associated to theGarivaldinense lithic industry: the Montenegro and Garivaldinense types. Wehave also identified a new type that has never been described before andproposed to refer to it as the Pororó type. At least one Pay Paso point wasidentified at the site, although this type of point is not yet known at other sitesof this region and chronology. The results indicate persistence of theGarivaldinense Culture from the Early to Late Holocene, as well astechnological innovation during the Late Holocene.","PeriodicalId":30238,"journal":{"name":"Papers from the Institute of Archaeology","volume":"9 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138512796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Form, Content, and Space: Methodological Challenges in the Study of Medieval and Early Modern European Graffiti","authors":"M. Trentin","doi":"10.14324/111.444.2041-9015.1283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14324/111.444.2041-9015.1283","url":null,"abstract":"Scholars of variousdisciplines have focused their attention on European Medieval and Early Modern graffitiduring the last decade, thus confirming and reinforcing the value of thispeculiar written evidence. Their contributions demonstrate that graffiti canoffer valuable information to different fields of study (e.g. shipbuilding,palaeography, history, social culture, and visual culture) through a glimpseinto past daily life. Due to their nature, graffiti present a completely freegraphic expression, which may appear in either textual or pictorial forms, orboth. This characteristic makes their study rather challenging due to the twodifferent mechanisms of communication they employ. In the case of textualgraffiti, the content is transmitted through linguistic codification, whilepictorial graffiti require a decoding process that is more complex andarticulated. The first challenge, though, is to find a way to record andcompare both evidence on the same graphic and verbal levels.  Furthermore, as for any other epigraphicevidence, the graffiti analysis must take into account the writing surfaces andthe context, two elements that are fundamental for the final interpretation ofthis source. This paper will address these methodological issues concerning thepreliminary phase of graffiti documentation and classification/cataloguing. Thestarting point has been the recent debate and application of FAIR dataprinciples in the field of Humanities, which aim to create quality data, easilyexchanged in a digital environment, fostering knowledge in the field. Sincethis approach has not yet been applied to graffiti studies, the paper aims tostimulate a dialogue on innovative and objective methodological approacheswithin the researchers’ community.","PeriodicalId":30238,"journal":{"name":"Papers from the Institute of Archaeology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43176060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Walking through Jordan. Essays in Honour of Burton MacDonald","authors":"Xosé L. Hermoso-Buxán","doi":"10.14324/111.2041-9015.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14324/111.2041-9015.002","url":null,"abstract":"Closing Comment We would like to thank the respondents to our paper for their contributions to the unfolding debate over Brexit and its relationship to archaeology and heritage. These essays reflect in diverse ways the complex intersection of the scholarly, the political and the personal that has perhaps always been with us, and increasingly commented upon, but which Brexit has brought to a moment of crisis from which we can only hope a positive outcome is still salvageable. Since writing the initial paper for this Forum in July of 2017, events have moved forward in several ways, although ironically in terms of the actual process of exiting the EU remarkably little has happened. More and more evidence is certainly emerging of the social and economic problems that this process, should it reach conclusion, will cause, whether in UK generally, in the rest of Europe (particularly in Ireland; e.g. House of Lords 2016; The UK in a Changing Europe 2017), or in our particular sector (Schlanger 2017). More disturbingly, perhaps, the tone of debate represented in some media outlets has darkened even further and universities in particular have come under attack as bastions of ‘remainerism’. Just prior to writing this piece, the Conservative politician Chris Heaton-Harris MP was in the news for seeking information about the teaching of Brexit-related issues in all UK universities (BBC 2017a). Whatever the motivation behind this, the front cover of the Daily Mail on October 26th (headline, ‘Our Remainer Universities’) followed up on this story, and made it clear that for some on the pro-Leave right-wing, universities are now a major target for political attack. This can be seen as part of a wider trend, pre-dating the referendum and becoming widespread across the western world (and certainly in the US), of right-wing populists painting universities – and, by extension, academic and scientific knowledge – as simultaneously liberal/left-biased and elitist (cf. Runciman 2016). Meanwhile, these same populist movements appear to be, literally, on the march, from Charlottesville in August (BBC UCL Institute of Archaeology, GB Corresponding author: Andrew Gardner (andrew.gardner@ucl.ac.uk) FORUM","PeriodicalId":30238,"journal":{"name":"Papers from the Institute of Archaeology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42557868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seeing Race in Biblical Egypt: Edwin Longsden Long’s Anno Domini (1883) and A. H. Sayce’s The Races of the Old Testament (1891)","authors":"D. Challis","doi":"10.14324/111.444.2041-9015.1128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14324/111.444.2041-9015.1128","url":null,"abstract":"To download this paper, please click  here. This paper discusses the impact of ideas about the historical and racial origins of the Holy Family that are captured in the painting  Anno Domini or the Flight into Egypt  (1883/4) by Edwin Longsden Long.  Anno Domini  fits into a wider 19 th -century popular visual and literary narrative around Egypt and its ancient and biblical past. This general narrative, and its racial constructions, has been explored within reception theory and art history, but often overlooked in histories of archaeology and Egyptology. This paper unpacks how  Anno Domini  fits into a well-known orientalist way of seeing Egypt but also reflects ideas about race that were prevalent in archaeology and other newly established scientific disciplines at the time. The construction of the Virgin Mary and Christ child as White Europeans in  Anno Domini  both reflects and had an impact on constructions of race in Britain and on ancient (and modern) peoples in the Holy Land and Egypt in the late nineteenth century. These constructions fed the growing use of scientific terminology to give such racist imagery authority, as found in A. H. Sayce's ‘Sunday school book’  The Races of the Old Testament  (1891). Sayce’s popular book used photographs taken by the archaeologist Flinders Petrie in 1887 of different 'racial types' from Egyptian monuments.  Anno Domini  vividly illustrates the preoccupation with race and identity found in archaeological interpretations of and motivations for recording material culture from ancient Egypt. This paper illustrates how art, archaeology, orientalism and racial theory fused and fed each other.","PeriodicalId":30238,"journal":{"name":"Papers from the Institute of Archaeology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47014175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microhistory and Archaeology: Some Comments and Contributions","authors":"Artur Ribeiro","doi":"10.14324/111.2041-9015.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14324/111.2041-9015.001","url":null,"abstract":"To download this paper, please click  here . Archaeology has always kept an inconsistent relationship with history. For decades, archaeology has either largely rejected what history could offer, such as among certain processual archaeologists, or it has cherry-picked certain elements of historical methods. The closest that archaeologists have ever come to establishing a complete historical method to be applied in archaeology was through the adoption of the idea of the  Annales  School of history. Part of what made the  Annales  School so attractive to archaeologists of all backgrounds was that it tackled the past in a way that was very practical and useful for archaeology: it engaged with the past in the form of  total histories , which could then be segmented in three separate durations and could be studied in an interdisciplinary manner. Additionally, the way the  Annales  School envisaged the past allowed for the study of the past in a very scientific way (e.g. quantitative, statistical), but also allowed the qualitative study of mentalities of the past people under analysis. However, one of the greatest problems of the  Annales  School is that it suppressed the human agent. Whether they were hidden behind structural economic forces or long-term symbolic structures, the individual remained always buried under the large-scale — history, according to  annalistes , could not be the result of individual action. This, in turn, is what eventually led to the demise of the  Annales  School, in favour of the Italian microhistory. Does this mean that the  Annales School of History must be complete scraped? No, the aim of this paper is to demonstrate that archaeology can in fact have a fruitful historical paradigm based on some ideas of the  Annales  School, and at the same time, some ideas of Italian microhistory. This would require understanding microhistory as the reconstruction of the life of agents, small-scale case-studies that serve as exemplars of large-scale phenomena.","PeriodicalId":30238,"journal":{"name":"Papers from the Institute of Archaeology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45843153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of Decolonisation, heritage and the field, London 26–27 January 2018","authors":"A. Gardner, Rodney Harrison","doi":"10.14324/111.2041-9015.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14324/111.2041-9015.003","url":null,"abstract":"Closing Comment We would like to thank the respondents to our paper for their contributions to the unfolding debate over Brexit and its relationship to archaeology and heritage. These essays reflect in diverse ways the complex intersection of the scholarly, the political and the personal that has perhaps always been with us, and increasingly commented upon, but which Brexit has b ought to a moment of crisis from which we can only hope a positive outcome is still salvageable. Since writing the initial paper for this Forum in July of 2017, events have moved forward in several ways, although ironically in terms of the actual process of exiting the EU remarkably little has happened. More and more evidence is certainly emerging of the social and economic problems that this process, should it reach conclusion, will cause, whether in UK generally, in the rest of Europe (particularly in Ireland; e.g. House of Lords 2016; The UK in a Changing Europe 2017), or in our particular sector (Schlanger 2017). More disturbingly, perhaps, the tone of debate represented in some media outlets has darkened even further and universities in particular have come under attack as bastions of ‘remainerism’. Just prior to writing this piece, the Conservative politician Chris Heaton-Harris MP was in the news for seeking information about the teaching of Brexit-related issues in all UK universities (BBC 2017a). Whatever the motivation behind this, the front cover of the Daily Mail on October 26th (headline, ‘Our Remainer Universities’) followed up on this story, and made it clear that for some on the pro-Leave right-wing, universities are now a major target for political attack. This can be seen as part of a wider trend, pre-dating the referendum and becoming widespread across the western world (and certainly in the US), of right-wing populists painting universities – and, by extension, academic and scientific knowledge – as simultaneously liberal/left-biased and elitist (cf. Runciman 2016). Meanwhile, these same populist movements appear to be, literally, on the march, from Charlottesville in August (BBC UCL Institute of Archaeology, GB Corresponding author: Andrew Gardner (andrew.gardner@ucl.ac.uk) FORUM","PeriodicalId":30238,"journal":{"name":"Papers from the Institute of Archaeology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48270408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exhibition Review of Wounded: Conflict, Casualties and Care Science Museum, London (29th June 2016–15th January 2018)","authors":"Thomas Siek","doi":"10.5334/pia-522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5334/pia-522","url":null,"abstract":"“Wounded: Conflict, Casualties and Care” is an exhibition being held at the London Science Museum. It is focused on the medical aspects and challenges experienced during the First World War. The exhibition also centres on the social implications that returning wounded or disabled soldiers faced, the charity efforts that began in response and the modern parallels today. This review summarizes the exhibition while highlighting its strengths and weaknesses.","PeriodicalId":30238,"journal":{"name":"Papers from the Institute of Archaeology","volume":"4 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138512803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}