Vestnik MGTU最新文献

{"title":"Substantiation of a rational method for drying granules in a fluidized bed and the hydrodynamic regime of their interaction with a fluidizing agent","authors":"A. Nugmanova, I. Aleksanian, A. Nugmanov, Y. A. Maksimenko, R. A. Khaybulov","doi":"10.21443/1560-9278-2021-24-3-287-298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21443/1560-9278-2021-24-3-287-298","url":null,"abstract":"Gluten is produced from wheat grains and is used in the food industry as an improver in flour baking properties. On the basis of a comparative analysis of the methods of dehydration of frozen granules of wheat gluten with a surface dry crust, a rational method of drying them in a fluidized bed has been selected. In the process of calculating units with a fluidized bed, its hydrodynamic parameters have been determined: loss of the pressure of the fluidizing agent; the speed at the transition of the bed from the state of rest to the pseudo-boiling mode; layer porosity; the rate of entrainment of particles in unrestricted conditions roughly corresponding to the rate of soaring, at which a single particle is in equilibrium in the gas flow. During the dewatering operation, the rate of entrainment of the granules varies; therefore, it is advisable to use the passing fluidization mode depending on the decrease in their moisture content. In the variant of the active hydrodynamic regime in the drying unit, the dehydration procedure is intensified without a noticeable decrease in the economic efficiency of its functioning and high quality indicators of the finished product with the given final moisture are provided, which is due to the specific conditions of contact of the granules with the coolant. For granules with a moisture content of 0.19 kg/kg, the values of hydrodynamic characteristics have been determined: the area of critical pseudo-boiling rates is 4.1-5.5 m/s; the carryover rate of the fines is 12.5-14.5 m/s. As a result of the study, the choice has been substantiated in favor of drying the studied granules in a fluidized bed due to the prevalence of its advantages over the dehydration of the object in drum dryers.","PeriodicalId":30200,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik MGTU","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47375243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical and enzymatic destruction of chondroitin sulfate from Arctic skate","authors":"Y. Kuchina, I. N. Konovalova, V. Y. Novikov, N. V. Dolgopyatova, V. Kuznetsov","doi":"10.21443/1560-9278-2021-24-3-267-276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21443/1560-9278-2021-24-3-267-276","url":null,"abstract":"Due to its biocompatibility with human and animal tissues, low toxicity, and biodegradability, chondroitin sulfate (CS) is of great interest for medicine. Since CS is used as a pharmaceutical preparation, its molecular weight and solubility determine the possibilities of its use. This work presents the results of studying the chemical and enzymatic destruction of CS macromolecules and its effect on the molecular weight, solubility and crystallinity degree of the polysaccharide. CS was obtained from the cartilaginous tissue of the Arctic skate ( Amblyraja hyperborea ). At the stage of cartilage tissue fermentolysis, the enzymes pancreatin, hepatopancreatin and protosubtil were used. The obtained CS samples were identified by IR spectroscopy. Enzymatic destruction of glycosidic bonds in cholesterol macromolecules was carried out with a 1 % solution of the enzyme hepatopancreatin, chemical destruction with hydrogen peroxide and hydrochloric acid. The CS content in the samples was determined by the Dische method. The chemical composition of CS samples was evaluated by standard methods. The average molecular weight (MW) was determined using high performance liquid chromatography and the nephelometric method. The crystallinity degree (CD) was determined by graphical processing of diffraction patterns obtained by X-ray phase analysis of CS samples. It was found that under the action of hepatopancreatin and hydrogen peroxide, deep destruction of chondroitin sulfate occurs, to the formation of low molecular weight and oligomeric fragments. Under conditions of acid destruction in 0.5 N HCl for 20 min the MW of chondroitin sulfate is reduced by 10 % compared to the initial one. Acid destruction causes a significant decrease in the CD of the CS samples. For CS samples not degraded in acid, the solubility in distilled water increases with decreasing MW and CD. The solubility of CS after acid destruction in the range of pH = 5-9 units is 99.0 ± 0.5 %. This high solubility is most likely explained by the significant content of the amorphous phase in the samples.","PeriodicalId":30200,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik MGTU","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47997795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical composition of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) berry grown in the Chelyabinsk region","authors":"N. Naumova","doi":"10.21443/1560-9278-2021-24-3-306-312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21443/1560-9278-2021-24-3-306-312","url":null,"abstract":"The most important phytonutrients of sea buckthorn ( Hippophae rhamnoides L.) berry are carotenoids, flavonoids, anthocyanins, sugars, organic and amino acids, water and fat-soluble vitamins, tannins and pectin substances, phospholipids, macro- and microelements. In the Chelyabinsk region it is almost impossible to find well-groomed industrial plantings of sea buckthorn, since its main areas (600 hectares) are concentrated in amateur and home gardens. To form a healthy diet, it is important not only to ensure the safety of horticultural products, but also to raise the priority of signs that determine consumer demand, namely the quality and chemical composition of fruits, their saturation with the necessary micronutrients. While studying food and biologically active substances of sea buckthorn berries of the \"Velikan\" variety growing in different garden agrocenoses of the Chelyabinsk region it has been determined that sea buckthorn berries cultivated in the garden \"Lokomotiv-1\" (Chelyabinsk) contain more flavonoids (by 21.4 %), proteins (by 17.4 %), mineral elements - Al (in 5.3 times), V (3.4 times), Cu (3 times), Ti (2.4 times), Ca and Fe (1.9 times), Mn (1.5 times), in berries obtained in the garden \"Dizelist-1\" (Chelyabinsk region, Troitsk) contains more sugars (by 15.1 %), as well as Mo and Sr (2-2.3 times), Se (1.4 times), Cr (by 76.2 %), etc. In terms of Se content, the studied fruits exceed the clarke values by 4-6 times; in terms of Pb content, they turned out to be as close as possible to the upper limit of MPC according to the requirements of the Technical Regulations of the Customs Union. The study of the mineral composition of sea buckthorn is especially important in the context of the ecological disadvantage of the Chelyabinsk region due to the pollution of the environment with heavy metals.","PeriodicalId":30200,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik MGTU","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44317686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New varieties of wheat, triticale and spelt grains:Comparative characteristics of milling properties","authors":"R. Kandrokov, M. Begeulov, A. Tkach, V. Igonin, E. S. Porechnaya","doi":"10.21443/1560-9278-2021-24-3-299-305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21443/1560-9278-2021-24-3-299-305","url":null,"abstract":"Triticale and spelt grains are non-traditional types of plant raw materials that are promising for expanding the range of everyday products, healthy foods, as well as for the manufacture of food additives. A promising and relevant direction of scientific and practical research is the use of methods of biomechanical impact on the products of processing grain triticale and spelt grain in the form of flour, crumbs and bran to obtain food for general, functional and therapeutic purposes. The aim of the research is a comparative characteristic of the milling properties of new varieties of grain of wheat, triticale and spelt and the possibility of theit using for grinding into flour at existing grain processing enterprises. A comparative characteristic of the cereal-forming ability of new varieties of wheat, triticale and spelt has been carried out and it is revealed that the best cereal-forming ability belongs to the spelt grain of the \"Gremme 2 U\" variety, equal to 79.8 %, which is 4 % more than that of the wheat grain of the \"Timiryazevskaya Jubilee\" and 4.8 % of triticale grain of the \"Timiryazevskaya 155\" variety. It has been found that the highest flour yield under the same grinding regimes is obtained when grinding the grain of a new type of spelt \"Gremme 2 U\" amounted to 79.3 %. The largest amount of triticale flour of the highest grade T-60 is obtained from triticale grain of the \"Timiryazevskaya 155\" variety. The grain of wheat \"Timiryazevskaya Jubilee\" occupies an intermediate position both in terms of the total yield of flour and its quality compared to spelt and triticale. All three given new varieties of various crops have good flour-grinding properties and can be recommended for processing into high-quality bakery flour at flour mills when making grinding mixtures.","PeriodicalId":30200,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik MGTU","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41325599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the effect of enzymatic hydrolyzate of the bursa of broiler chickens on cytotoxic activity and nonspecific immunity","authors":"N. Kolberg, S. Leontyeva, S. Tikhonov, N. Tikhonova, S. V. Shikhalev, K. E. Kirpikova","doi":"10.21443/1560-9278-2021-24-3-259-266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21443/1560-9278-2021-24-3-259-266","url":null,"abstract":"The use of biologically active substances of tissue origin for the creation of biologically active additives and immunomodulatory drugs is an important area of scientific research in the field of nutrition and pharmacology. The aim of the work is to evaluate the effect of enzymatic hydrolysate from the fabricium bag of broiler chickens on the cytotoxicity and nonspecific immunity of mice against the background of experimental salmonella infection using biotechnological methods. For the experiment, three equal experimental groups of white mongrel mice were formed. All laboratory animals were fed daily for seven days with enzymatic hydrolysate at a dose of 750 mg/kg (therapeutic dose), 150 mg/kg (0.2 therapeutic dose) and 3,750 mg/kg (five therapeutic doses). At the same time, the control group of animals received intragastric water in the same volume. 24 hours after the last intake of the enzymatic hydrolysate, the animals were intraperitoneally infected with a culture of Salmonella enteritidis 92. The study reveals the absence of cytotoxic properties and impaired cell viability in cultures L929, J774.1A, HeLa S3, K562, and HST116 against the background of exposure to various concentrations of enzymatic hydrolysate from 0.02 to 10 mg/ml. It should be noted that there is a pronounced cytotoxic effect on MCF-7 tumor cells of the concentration of enzymatic hydrolysate in culture of 5 and 10 mg/ml, which suggests the possibility of using enzymatic hydrolysate for the prevention of tumor diseases. As a result of the experiment, it has been proved that the administration of enzymatic hydrolysate to mice increased the LD50 index and the survival rate of mice infected with the culture of the causative agent of salmonellosis by 1.5 times. Based on the conducted studies, it has been shown that the enzymatic hydrolysate of the lymphoid tissue of broiler chickens does not violate the viability of mammalian cells and does not exhibit cytotoxic properties on the metabolism of healthy mammalian cells, which indicates its safety. In an experiment on mice, the effect of enzymatic hydrolysate of the fabricium bag of broiler chickens on the activation of nonspecific immunity against salmonella infection has been revealed.","PeriodicalId":30200,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik MGTU","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44112586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The study of biotechnological potential of Lactobacillus sakei LSK-103","authors":"A. Nikiforova, I. Khamagaeva","doi":"10.21443/1560-9278-2021-24-3-277-286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21443/1560-9278-2021-24-3-277-286","url":null,"abstract":"Lactic acid bacteria play an important role in the production of food. Bacterial cultures widely used in the food industry often have a set of characteristics that ensure the stability of the production. The biotechnological properties of Lactobacillus sakei LSK-103 have been studied in the present work. Lactobacillus sakei LSK-103 has shown high biochemical activity on MRS medium. It has been found that after 16 h of cultivation at the end of the exponential growth phase, the number of viable bacterial cells reaches 10 CFU/cm. The study of the effect of different concentrations of sodium chloride on biomass accumulation has shown that Lactobacillus sakei LSK-103 is highly resistant to salt. Increase in NaCl concentration from 2 to 10 % leads to decrease in cell survival from 96.8 to 91.2 %, and in number of bacteria to 10 CFU/cm. Morphological studies indicate that an increase in the concentration of sodium chloride in the medium is accompanied by cell cohesion, the formation of cell conglomerates. Cohesion intensifies intercellular contacts and increases the resistance of Lactobacillus sakei LSK-103 to osmotic stress. The high survival rate of Lactobacillus sakei LSK-103 has been shown in the presence of bile, phenol (0.4 %), high (pH 8.3) and low (pH 3.5) values of active acidity of the medium indicating its probiotic properties. The results of research have shown that the Lactobacillus sakei LSK-103 has high biotechnological potential and can be used as part of bacterial preparations for the production of fermented fish products.","PeriodicalId":30200,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik MGTU","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47453760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a functional bread technology based on a grain baking mixture","authors":"N. Alekhina","doi":"10.21443/1560-9278-2021-24-3-245-258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21443/1560-9278-2021-24-3-245-258","url":null,"abstract":"One of the priority areas for developing the food industry is to increase the production of functional food products. When developing the latter, fruit and berry processing products, grain baking mixes are used. At the same time, there are no baking mixes with the use of bioactivated wheat, characterized by an increased content of macro- and micronutrients, antioxidants, and a reduced amount of phytin. However, the preparation of grain bread based on a baking mixture of bioactivated wheat crushed by the disintegration wave method with a moisture content of 10.0 ± 0.5 % led to the production of products with a sticky, strongly jamming crumb. The aim of the research was to develop a baking mixture of bioactivated wheat and functional grain bread of improved quality based on it. At the first stage of the research, the composition of the baking mixture based on bioactivated wheat grain was selected to obtain the best quality product, at the second stage, the chemical composition of bread was evaluated based on the developed baking mixture. The change in the properties of the dough during fermentation, the quality indicators of bread after 20 hours of storage and its chemical composition were evaluated in accordance with the methods specified in the current standards. The best properties of the dough and the quality of the bread have been observed in a sample obtained on the basis of a baking mixture, in 100 g of which 75 % of the grain products are dry bioactivated wheat crushed by the disintergation-wave method, and 25 % - baking wheat flour of the first grade. As a result of the assessment of the chemical composition of the developed product, it has been found that it belongs to functional food products. The preparation of grain bread using this technology will also allow us to solve one of the tasks of the state policy in the field of healthy nutrition aimed at increasing the production of functional products.","PeriodicalId":30200,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik MGTU","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47563987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of atmospheric emissions in Murmansk and their relationship with pollution of urban lakes","authors":"M. Postevaya, Z. Slukovskii","doi":"10.21443/1560-9278-2021-24-2-190-201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21443/1560-9278-2021-24-2-190-201","url":null,"abstract":"The main sources of anthropogenic emissions into the atmosphere of Murmansk are emissions from thermal power plants and boiler houses operating on fuel oil. As a result of the analysis of the dynamics of pollutant emissions from stationary anthropogenic sources for the period 1997-2019 it has been established that the level of air pollution is assessed as low; there is a tendency towards a decrease in gross emissions from stationary sources. The main pollutants from thermal power plants are sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, and benzo(a)pyrene. Together with gaseous and liquid substances, fuel oil ash and products of incomplete underburning of fuel, which include heavy metals V, Ni, Cr, Pb, Fe, Sn, enter the atmospheric air. Technogenic compounds of heavy metals and other pollutants from the enterprises of the power unit, falling out with dust or precipitation on the surface and catchment areas of lakes, affect the formation of the chemical composition of surface soils, waters and bottom sediments of water bodies. This is reflected in an increase in the concentration of heavy metals (in particular, V and Ni) in the water and bottom sediments of the lakes of Murmansk in comparison with the background values.","PeriodicalId":30200,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik MGTU","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48880711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal variability of sulfate ions in the Volga River water","authors":"V. Seleznev","doi":"10.21443/1560-9278-2021-24-2-202-213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21443/1560-9278-2021-24-2-202-213","url":null,"abstract":"In the Volga River water, sulfate ions rank second among the main anions in terms of their contribution to water mineralization. To study the seasonal variability of sulfate concentration, an analysis of long-term data of hydrological and hydrochemical observations obtained on the River Volga (in the outlet section of the Kuibyshev reservoir) has been carried out. For the period of 2001-2018 the average annual water consumption in the dam section varied in the range of 6.2-9.0 thousand m3/s, the average annual concentration of sulfates was 55 mg/dm3, the highest - 64 mg/dm3, and the lowest - 45 mg/dm3. The content of sulfates in the reservoir is formed mainly under the influence of the Volga River water coming from the Cheboksary reservoir and the Kama River water coming from the Nizhnekamsk reservoir. The sulfate content is characterized by significant seasonal variability. During the winter low-water period, the highest concentrations of sulfates were observed with a maximum in April, before the beginning of the spring flood (67 mg/dm3). During the flood, the content of sulfates decreased, reaching the lowest values during the summer low-water period in August (44 mg/dm3), and then, from September, the concentration of sulfates gradually increased, reaching 57 mg/dm3 at the beginning of the winter low-water period. Over a long-term observation period, the amplitude of sulfate fluctuations was 34-87 mg/dm3, and its value depended on the water content of a particular year. In dry years, the concentration of sulfates in the water increased, and in dry years, it decreased. In the seasonal context, the main differences in sulfate concentrations in dry and high-water years occurred during the spring flood and winter low-water period, and during the summer - autumn low-water period, the differences became minimal.","PeriodicalId":30200,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik MGTU","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45033764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Natural risks and monitoring systems: Case study of the mining-industrial heritage objects of Karelia (Ruskeala Mining Park), Russia","authors":"Shekov Vitali Alexandrovich","doi":"10.21443/1560-9278-2021-24-2-214-227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21443/1560-9278-2021-24-2-214-227","url":null,"abstract":"Mine workings (open and underground) abandoned during the production process become part of the environment. These objects begin to degrade in accordance with ordinary processes occurring in nature. However, such developments are often of historical value and therefore become tourist sites. They pose a serious threat to the health and life of people visiting these tourist sites, if such workings were not initially processed to safe conditions. The paper considers an example of such an object - a marble quarry with elements of underground caves - the Ruskeala marble deposit, located in Karelia. In the middle of the XX century, it was abandoned, today the \"Main\" quarry is a monument of the historical and cultural (mining-industrial) heritage of the Republic of Karelia. Ruskeala Mining Park has collected all the risks of degradation inherent in such a natural site. The paper has proposed solutions for monitoring the sustainability of underground objects used as museum exhibits to ensure the safety of tourists visiting them.","PeriodicalId":30200,"journal":{"name":"Vestnik MGTU","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44811286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}