R. M. Cazo, E. Ribeiro, Marcelo Buonocore Nunes, C. L. Barbosa, J. Ferreira, Tales de Barros Caldas, J. C. Santos, J. U. Arruda
{"title":"Six Degree Freedom Optical Fiber Accelerometer","authors":"R. M. Cazo, E. Ribeiro, Marcelo Buonocore Nunes, C. L. Barbosa, J. Ferreira, Tales de Barros Caldas, J. C. Santos, J. U. Arruda","doi":"10.1063/1.3002519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3002519","url":null,"abstract":"Linear accelerations measurements are needed in many applications, as industry, military, aircrafts, space navigation, robotics and others. Actually, the most usual solutions to measure linear accelerations are three piezoelectric sensors used in orthogonal mounting, or MEM’s sensors chips.\u0000 Angular accelerations also are interesting to control and stabilize structures, like satellites and servo motors. It is possible to measure angular accelerations in two ways: direct measurement (using special sensors), or indirect measurements (obtaining acceleration of the angular velocity information) [1].\u0000 This work intends to present the structural and optical requirements of a six degree freedom opto-mechanical accelerometer based on fiber Bragg grating (FBG). With this sensor, it will be possible the direct measurement of three axial accelerations, and of three angular accelerations, with unlimited rotation angle, using one single proof mass. The FBG’s are used as strain sensors and sustaining elements of the proof mass in the structure. Simulations have demonstrated that cross influences of 10 parts per million at worst case are possible. This kind of accelerometer may be used in navigation control, structural monitoring, satellite stabilization, guidance control and harsh environments, for example.\u0000 The project requirements include the wavelength of FBG’s, pre-strain and length of active segment of optical fibers, dimensions, material and structure of inertial proof mass and position of the fibers in the sustaining structure","PeriodicalId":301956,"journal":{"name":"1st Workshop on Specialty Optical Fibers and Their Applications","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133081221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Long Period Fiber Grating Fabricated by Defocused CO2 Laser for Refractive Index Sensing","authors":"Minwei Yang, Dong-ning Wang, Yuhua Li","doi":"10.1063/1.3002513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3002513","url":null,"abstract":"Long period fiber grating (LPFG) has many applications in optical fiber communications and optical fiber sensors. It can be fabricated by many methods. Recently, an edge written LPFG with large resonant peak loss and apparent asymmetric cladding mode coupling has been produced by focusing the high frequency CO2 laser pulses directly on the fiber cladding surface. Such a LPFG exhibits only a small area of refractive index change on the fiber cladding surface without any physical deformation. In this work, we developed a new LPFG fabrication method by use of defocused CO2 laser pulses, i.e. to move the laser beam focus slightly away from the fiber cladding surface. No apparent physical damage is observed after the LPFG fabrication. With the increase of the moving distance from the fiber cladding surface, the induced average refractive index change in the fiber cladding becomes smaller, which also leads to a decreased polarization dependent loss when compared with the LPFG made by the focused CO2 laser pulses. The LPFG developed in this work also shows a higher sensitivity of the resonant wavelength to the external refractive index around the fiber cladding than that made by use of focused CO2 laser pulses. It is expected that this new type of LPFGs have important applications in refractive index sensors.","PeriodicalId":301956,"journal":{"name":"1st Workshop on Specialty Optical Fibers and Their Applications","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116739507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Design and Simulation for Ultra High Soliton Pulse Compression through Photonic Crystal Fiber","authors":"R. Raja, S. Sivabalan, K. Porsezian","doi":"10.1063/1.3002530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3002530","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we intend to investigate the pulse compression through liquid core photonic crystal fiber (LCPCF) by using both finite element method (FEM) and split step Fourier method (SSFM). In order to achieve ultra high pulse compression, we propose new LCPCF design with very high nonlinearity. By using numerical analysis, we investigate the pulse compression, compression ratio and pedestal energy for different core liquids in LCPCF using a generalised nonlinear Schrodinger equation (NLSE). Finally, we compare the results with different designing parameters of PCF.","PeriodicalId":301956,"journal":{"name":"1st Workshop on Specialty Optical Fibers and Their Applications","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125463709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Photonic Technologies Integrated into Optical Fibres","authors":"C. Martelli, J. Canning","doi":"10.1063/1.3002546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3002546","url":null,"abstract":"Structured optical fibres are numerically and experimentally assessed with focus on technology integration. Three main areas are considered: Fresnel waveguiding, molecular photonics and photo-diffractive gratings. Results lead to new opportunities for sensors and devices.","PeriodicalId":301956,"journal":{"name":"1st Workshop on Specialty Optical Fibers and Their Applications","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126041812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fabrication and Postprocessing of Ge-Doped Nanoweb Fibers","authors":"S. Torres-Peiró, A. Díez, J. Cruz, M. Andrés","doi":"10.1063/1.3002541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3002541","url":null,"abstract":"The stack and draw technique provides an enormous flexibility and permits to obtain rather complex photonic crystal fibers and other nanoweb structures. It is possible to fabricate Ge-doped microstructured fibers combining silica capillaries and doped wires of silica glass. Here, we will present the fabrication and postprocessing of Ge-doped Y-shaped fibers. These structures may exhibit strong evanescent fields in the air holes, while the presence of a Ge-doped core increases the versatility when designing new fiber-optic components.","PeriodicalId":301956,"journal":{"name":"1st Workshop on Specialty Optical Fibers and Their Applications","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122226158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. A. Ribeiro, S. F. Quirino, A. O. Toledo, C. L. Barbosa, O. Lisbôa, J. U. Arruda
{"title":"Spontaneous Raman Scattering in Optical Fiber: Experimental Measurement","authors":"L. A. Ribeiro, S. F. Quirino, A. O. Toledo, C. L. Barbosa, O. Lisbôa, J. U. Arruda","doi":"10.1063/1.3002528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3002528","url":null,"abstract":"Fiber sensors are the state of the art in distributed sensors. The basic effects for distributed sensors of temperature and strain are related with nonlinear optics. However, the development of this equipment require a well established knowledge about the characteristics effects involved and how they change the spectral distribution of the light: its intensity and frequency; in this way the work shows up spontaneous Raman measurement in optical fiber and discuss its mainly characteristics. The measurements were taken with a 1319 nm wavelength from a Nd-YAG CW laser coupled in a 2,7 km monomode optical fiber. Several spectrum were taken in the range of 20 mW till 100 mW, also the ratio power output/power input was observed in that range. The Raman shift measured in this experiment, about 12 THz, is in a good agreement with the literature. Raman peaks were observed only in the 20mW - 90mW range, it has been observed that the higher the power input, the lower is the spontaneous Raman peaks intensity, and at 100 mW it vanishes completely. The power ratio analyses shows the power transmission loss; it is discussed the pump depletion due to nonlinear backscattering and the Raman beam depletion for higher power input values are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":301956,"journal":{"name":"1st Workshop on Specialty Optical Fibers and Their Applications","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122290737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ultraflat Supercontinuum Spectrum Generated with Soft-Glass Photonic Crystal Fibers","authors":"J. Miret, P. Andrés, E. Silvestre","doi":"10.1063/1.3002553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3002553","url":null,"abstract":"We present some photonic-crystal-fiber structures, made up soft glass, that generate ultrawide (over an octave) and very smooth supercontinuum spectrum when illuminated with femtosecond pulsed light. The design of the fiber geometry in order to reach a nearly ultraflattened normal dispersion behavior is crucial to accomplish the above goals. We recognize that the above supercontinuum sources show high stability and no significant changes are detected even for fairly large fluctuations of the peak power of the incident pulses.","PeriodicalId":301956,"journal":{"name":"1st Workshop on Specialty Optical Fibers and Their Applications","volume":"74 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130822805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Marques, F. Magalhães, J. P. Carvalho, O. Frazão, F. Araújo, J. Santos, L. Ferreira
{"title":"Recent Advances on Optical Sensing Using Photonic Crystal Fibers","authors":"M. Marques, F. Magalhães, J. P. Carvalho, O. Frazão, F. Araújo, J. Santos, L. Ferreira","doi":"10.1063/1.3002537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3002537","url":null,"abstract":"The application of hollow-core photonic crystal fibers for gas sensing is reviewed and discussed. Some problems with splicing to standard fibers and gas diffusion into the core are addressed. Current work at INESC Porto in the development of sensing heads and interrogation units is also reported.","PeriodicalId":301956,"journal":{"name":"1st Workshop on Specialty Optical Fibers and Their Applications","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134207905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Holey Fibers with a Limited Number of Air Hole Rings in the Cladding: Design, Fabrication and Application for Some Interferometric Sensing Devices","authors":"V. Minkovich","doi":"10.1063/1.3002554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3002554","url":null,"abstract":"Large-mode-area all-silica holey fibers (HFs), which are specially designed with a limited number of air hole rings in cladding, are presented. Fibers with 2, 3, and 4 air hole rings were inspected, and the transmission losses and the demands for the single-mode waveguide operation in a series of the HF samples with different relative hole diameters d/Λ were analyzed. It has been found, in particular, that for the fibers there is an optimal ratio, d/ Λ =0.52±0.05, that provides a single-mode output for shorter HFs (a few meters long), and low transmission and bending losses for longer HFs (hundreds of meters long). The HFs developed were used for the fabrication of compact modal interferometers, which represent special tapers with gradually collapsed air holes in the taper waist. The gradual collapsing of the holes is achieved by tapering the fibers with a “slow-and-hof ’ method (nonadiabatic process). As a result, at the excitation of the fundamental mode in the HF core, it couples to two high-order modes of the solid taper waist. Due to the beating between the modes, the transmission spectra of the taper exhibit several interference peaks that are shifted to a shorter or longer wavelength under the influence of various external parameters. The use of the HF tapers in different sensing devices for the measuring of refractive indexes of liquids, high temperature, strain, and hydrogen sensing is demonstrated.","PeriodicalId":301956,"journal":{"name":"1st Workshop on Specialty Optical Fibers and Their Applications","volume":"152 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116319773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. A. Serrão, F. Sircilli, Marcos A. R. Franco, C. Cordeiro
{"title":"Opto-Mechanical Response of a Suspended-Slab-Core Optical Fiber","authors":"V. A. Serrão, F. Sircilli, Marcos A. R. Franco, C. Cordeiro","doi":"10.1063/1.3002523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3002523","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we report the numerical evaluation of the opto-mechanical response of a microstructured optical fiber design when submitted to hydrostatic pressure. The fiber was built in silica and is composed of two large holes surrounding a wide thin flat region (suspended-slab-core) that is able to support optical propagating modes. A full-vector finite element program was used to the stress-optical analysis. The opto-mechanical sensitivity of such fiber was evaluated under two schemes of applied hydrostatic pressure.","PeriodicalId":301956,"journal":{"name":"1st Workshop on Specialty Optical Fibers and Their Applications","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125991960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}