Saarc Journal of Tuberculosis, Lung Diseases and Hiv\/aids最新文献

{"title":"An Epidemiological Study to Find out Risk Factors of Multi Drugs Resistance Tuberculosis in Nepal","authors":"R. P. Bichha, K. K. Jha, V. Salhotra, A. Weerakoon, K. Karki, N. Bichha","doi":"10.3126/SAARCTB.V14I2.19335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/SAARCTB.V14I2.19335","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Drug resistant tuberculosis is a threat to tuberculosis control worldwide. Previous anti- tuberculosis treatment is a widely reported risk factor for multi drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), whereas other risk factors are less well described. In Nepal National Tuberculosis Control Programme initiated DOTSPLUS Pilot project from September 2005 using standardized treatment regimen.Objective: To explore the risk factors for MDR-TB in Nepal.Methodology: Institution based matched case control study with a case: control ratio of 1:2 was carried out in three regions of Nepal. Fifty five cases and 110 controls were selected. Current MDR-TB patients on treatment from DOTS–Plus clinic were enrolled as cases. Controls were age, sex matched cured TB patients and who had completed treatment either from the same centre or any DOTS Centre adjacent to that DOTS Plus Centre. Data was collected by a trained research assistant using interviewer administered structured questionnaire. Matched analysis was done using SPSS 16 version. Confounding effects were controlled by using matching, matched analysis and regression analysis.Results: In matched analysis following were the significant risk factors for MDR-TB in Nepal.(1) HIV Sero positivity (OR 15.9, CI 1.9- 133.0) (2) Travel cost more than 50 NRs per day (OR 6.5, CI 2.4- 9.8) (3) Contact history of TB (OR 3.8, CI 2.2- 6.6) (4) Living in a nuclear family (OR 6.0, CI 2.6- 13.9)(5) Non adherence to DOTS (OR 18.6, CI 2.27- 151.0) (6) Distance to treatment centre more than 5 Km ( OR 3.9, CI 1.5- 10.) (7) Previous history of TB ( OR 12.0, CI 5.4 -26.5)(8) Living in a rural area (OR 4, CI 2.1- 8.5) (9) Unmarried (Crude OR 3.3,CI 1.6- 6.8) (10) Un-employment (OR 3.4,CI 1.6-7.6)(11) Living in a rented house (OR 3.5, CI 1.77- 3.67) (12) Single bed room (OR 2.8, CI 1.13- 6.9).  Using muti-variate analysis except living in a rented house and single bed room other variables were positive significant predictors for MDR –TB in Nepal.Conclusions: Many risk factors were related to the DOTS. Strengthening of DOTS programme to tackle the identified risk factors can reduce the MDR –TB burden in Nepal.SAARC Journal of Tuberculosis, Lung Diseases and HIV/AIDS, Vol. 14, No. 2, 2017, Page: 31-38","PeriodicalId":301405,"journal":{"name":"Saarc Journal of Tuberculosis, Lung Diseases and Hiv\\/aids","volume":"130 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127891758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tuberculosis and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Co-Infection: Clinico-Demographic Determinants at an Anti-Retroviral Therapy Center in Northern India","authors":"O. Giri, V. Giri, Kirti Vishwakarma, D. Datta","doi":"10.3126/saarctb.v14i2.19333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/saarctb.v14i2.19333","url":null,"abstract":"Background:  In India, Tuberculosis (TB) is endemic and Human immunodefi ciency virus (HIV) infection is epidemic in few states. The risk of developing TB in people living with HIV (PLHIV) is about 19 (27-22) times greater than those without it. TB is major cause of death in HIV-TB co-infected patients. Globally 0.4 million deaths occur annually due to HIV-TB disease. Material & Methods: The present observational study was conducted at Darbhanga Medical College and Hospital ART (Antiretroviral therapy) center during period from January to June 2017. Data of HIV-TB co-infected patients was collected from HIV-TB register and entered into Microsoft Excel sheet for analysis using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. Results: Young persons mostly from the labouring class working in other states were most affected. Pulmonary tuberculosis (sputum smear positive) was most common co-infection. Baseline CD4 cell count at the time of presentation was observed to be low (less than 200 cells/μL) in 46.64℅ HIV-TB co-infected patients. Conclusion:  Rural young people working as migrant labourer need focus of health interventions. They should be educated and screened for HIV and TB. Baseline CD4 cell count should be done in all PLHIV cases to assess their immune status. SAARC Journal of Tuberculosis, Lung Diseases and HIV/AIDS, Vol. 14, No. 2, 2017, Page: 12-17","PeriodicalId":301405,"journal":{"name":"Saarc Journal of Tuberculosis, Lung Diseases and Hiv\\/aids","volume":"255 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117336961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of rpoB, gyrA and embB Gene Mutations in Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Isolates from Retreatment Tuberculosis Patients in Nepal","authors":"D. Khadka, R. Pant, B. Lamichhane, S. C. Verma, R. P. Bichha, P. Ghimire, Anjana Singh","doi":"10.3126/SAARCTB.V14I2.19336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/SAARCTB.V14I2.19336","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Tuberculosis remains one of the major public health problems in Nepal and increasing trend of multi drug resistant and extensively drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR /XDR TB) is a big challenge. Rapid diagnosis and appropriate treatment of MDR/XDR TB is crucial. Identification and comparison of MDR TB using rapid molecular techniques (for rpob, gyrA, rrs and embB gene mutations) with reference to drug susceptibility test (DST) were the main objectives of this study. Methodology: A cross sectional study was carried out in National TB Centre (NTC). Gene Xpert, proportion method and Line Probe Assay (LPA) were used for first and second line drugs susceptibility testing (FLD-DST and SLD-DST). A total of 29 mucopurulent sputum samples were freshly collected from retreatment TB patients (Female 41.4%, Male 58.6%) with median age of 40 years attending to the four MDR TB treatment centres of eastern and central Nepal (via private courier and directly to National TB Reference Laboratory (NRL) at NTC from April 2013 to October 2017. Results: Among 29 sputum samples (Female 41.4%; all smear+ve, Male 58.6%; 16 smear+ve and 1 smear-ve), Gene Xpert MTB/RIF assay detected 100% M. tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance ( rpoB gene resistant) of which, 100% were culture positive by conventional Lowenstein–Jensen (LJ) method. FLDDST was performed on all culture positives of which, 96.6% showed MDR TB and 3.4% showed mono resistance to isonizid only. SLD-DST on 29 MDRTB strains by LPA showed 100%, 58.6%, 44.8% wild type for rrs , gyrA and emb B genes respectively. Mutation for gyrA and emb B genes was 41.4% and 51.2% respectively, rrs genes none . Twelve (Female 6, Male 6) MDR TB strains were identified  as pre-XDR-TB. Chi square (χ2) for trend was used to analyze Gene Xpert, smear, FLD-DST and LPA results. Conclusion: From this study, 29(100%) MDRTB were detected from retreatment TB cases by Gene Xpert and FLDDST. Almost 41.4% MDR TB strains were detected as pre-XDR TB by LPA, which were found to be higher in 15-60 years group of females and males. Samples from retreatment TB patients need to be tested by rapid molecular techniques with reference to culture and DST. SAARC Journal of Tuberculosis, Lung Diseases and HIV/AIDS, Vol. 14, No. 2, 2017, Page: 39-50","PeriodicalId":301405,"journal":{"name":"Saarc Journal of Tuberculosis, Lung Diseases and Hiv\\/aids","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128854165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on challenges in diagnosis of TB and MDR TB by Gene-Xpert in Bangladesh","authors":"Rouseli Haq, R. P. Bichha, M. Uddin, Pronab Kumar Modak, Md. Mojibur Rahman","doi":"10.3126/saarctb.v14i2.19332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/saarctb.v14i2.19332","url":null,"abstract":"TB is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. However, public health services globally reported only 66% of the estimated TB cases in 2014. Moreover, less than 5% of notified TB cases were tested for drug resistance capacity and an over reliance on chest radiography and/or sputum smear microscopy as diagnostic tools. The relying on conventional culture and drug susceptibility testing (DST). Detecting more cases, detecting them early and rapidly identifying drug resistance are essential for improving individual patient health and avoiding transmission resents a paradigm shift in the diagnosis of TB and drug-resistant TB by simultaneously detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Rifampicin resistance-conferring mutations in a closed system suitable for use outside conventional laboratory settings in less than 2 hours, directly from sputum samples. Objective: To find out the challenges in diagnosis of TB and MDR TB by Gene-Xpert in Bangladesh Methodology; Both quantitative and qualitative methods study designs were used. All the 43 Centres in Bangladesh where the Gene X pert test are carried out were included. In addition selective officials/staff from national and sub-national level were included as respondents for focus group discussion (FGD) and in-depth interview. Verbal informed consent was obtained from participants before starting interviews. Analysis of data was done using SPSS software program. Results: Xpert MTB/RIF was first introduced in Bangladesh in March 2012. Till December 2015, a total of 61 Xpert MTB/ RIF machines were functioning at 43 sites in the country. In 42 sites the GeneXpert machines are placed in a separate room and in one site it is placed along with other general pathological laboratory activities. It was found that in all sites necessary physical support like air-cooler, dust control, UPS as well as regular electricity and water supply were available. Out of 43 sites, 38 have 4-module and 5 sites have 16-module machine. In totall, 55 four module machines and 6 sixteen module have been established. Out of these only one 4modul machine was non-functioning. In about half (48.8%) of the sites machines are run twice a day and in 17 sites (39.5%) only once while in 5 sites (NGO supported sites) machines are run 3 times a day. In 19 (44.2%) sites 1-4 samples are tested per day and in 16(37.2%) sites 5-8 samples/day. Per day 9-20 samples are tested in 4(9.3%) centres while in other 4 centres 21-30 samples are tested daily. In all the centres a total of about 300 samples are tested in a single working day. In total, 38 sites informed about problems they faced in operating the machine. The most common problem was module failure (67.4%), followed by delay in maintenance support (46. 5%). Inadequate cartridge supply and load shading were faced by 16.3% and 11.6% respectively. In 42 sites there were needs for support. The most common support they need is refresher training (93%), followed by maintenance training by 79","PeriodicalId":301405,"journal":{"name":"Saarc Journal of Tuberculosis, Lung Diseases and Hiv\\/aids","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122262881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tuberculosis Among Young People on Rise in Sri-Lanka (An Analysis of Trend and Associated Factors)","authors":"Saman Kapilawanse, R. P. Bichha, S. Samaraweera, N. Pallewatte, Harshni Vitharana, W. Jayakody, M. Gangathesewaran","doi":"10.3126/SAARCTB.V14I2.19334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/SAARCTB.V14I2.19334","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: A descriptive cross sectional study was carried out in 5 randomly selected districts i.e Gampaha, Kandy, Badulla, Nuwara Eliya and Ratnapura during the period of March to September 2014. The general objective of the study was to describe the trend of TB among young population over past 6 years in Sri Lanka and to determine contributory factors associated with TB among young population. Methodology: The study was carried out in two stages. The first stage was analysis of the trend of TB over the 6 year period of 2008-2014. The analysis of the trend was carried out using the existing secondary data at the Medical Records Division of the National Programme for Tuberculosis Control and Chest Diseases (NPTCCD). Trend was analyzed for new cases of TB patients of 15--34 years of age and separately for 15-24 and 25-34 age groups and for each type of new TB cases. The second stage was a descriptive cross sectional study which was carried out to determine the associated factors. All the patients (new/ retreatment)in age group of 15-34 years and registered at the selected district chest clinics with confi rmed TB were selected as the study subjects. Operational Definitions were used to identify confi rmed TB cases ie, Sputum smear positive TB, smear negative pulmonary TB and Extra pulmonary TB. The data were collected using a pre tested interviewer administered questionnaire by the District Tuberculosis Control Officers attached to the relevant District Chest Clinics. Result: The main findings of the study were, The two peaks of TB incidence were observed in the trend across age groups and first one was in the age group of 25-34 years second peak in the age group of 45-54.Overall trend of TB in the country is more towards the older age groups (over 45 years), but shift to younger age groups were observed in 15 out of 16 districts in the country. A total of 223 patients were included in the descriptive study. The highest proportion (34%) of study population was from the district of Gampaha while least proportion (10%) of it was from Nuwara Eliya. Nearly 53% of the study population was above 25 years of age with the sex ratio of 1:1. A majority (68%) of the study population was Sinhalese while nearly 70% of the study population has passed the O/L, A/L, Diploma or a degree. About one third of the study population was unemployed. Nearly half (50.4%) of the study population was having monthly income of about Rs. 20,000.00 or above. 31% of the study population were current or past alcohol consumers and 29% were smokers and 7% of the study population were current or past cannabis consumers. Majority (77%) of the study population were under-nourished while 14% of them were less than 15 kg/m 2 . Nearly three fourth (72%) of the study population have been diagnosed by a consultant. Statistically signifi cant associations were found between the age category and more than 3 family members (χ2=5.063, df=1, p<0.017), ethnicity (χ2=4.229, df=1, p<0.04), empl","PeriodicalId":301405,"journal":{"name":"Saarc Journal of Tuberculosis, Lung Diseases and Hiv\\/aids","volume":"120 38","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120820630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial Vol.14(2)","authors":"R. P. Bichha","doi":"10.3126/SAARCTB.V14I2.19331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/SAARCTB.V14I2.19331","url":null,"abstract":"Not available.SAARC Journal of Tuberculosis, Lung Diseases and HIV/AIDS, Vol. 14, No. 2, 2017","PeriodicalId":301405,"journal":{"name":"Saarc Journal of Tuberculosis, Lung Diseases and Hiv\\/aids","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128278044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC AND CLINICAL PROFILE OF HIV POSITIVE PATIENTS ATTENDING INTEGRATED COUNSELING & TESTING CENTRE OF A PRIMARY HEALTH CENTRE IN DELHI","authors":"N. Dahiya, D. Bachani, R. Das, S. Rasania","doi":"10.3126/SAARCTB.V14I1.17725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/SAARCTB.V14I1.17725","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection is a global pandemic affecting principally the sexually active and economically productive population of any country. Additionally the dual epidemic of HIV and TB infection is of growing concern in Asia, where nearly two-third of TB-infected individuals live and where tuberculosis now accounts for 40 percent of HIV/AIDS deaths. Keeping this in mind, a study was conducted to understand the profile of HIV/AIDS patients attending Integrated Counseling and Testing Center (ICTC) located at Primary Health Centre, Palam in Delhi. Methodology: This was a descriptive record based study undertaken at ICTC, PHC PALAM, New Delhi. Records of all HIV seropositive patients identified in reference period (January 2010 to December 2014) were analyzed retrospectively to assess the socio-demographic and clinical profile including possible route of transmission, CD4 counts at the time of first reporting to the Anti Retroviral Treatment (ART) centre and the presence of co-infections including tuberculosis were recorded. Total 77 HIV seropositive patients were identified. Results: Mean Age of presentation of male was 31.18 ± 8.85 years (12-60 years) and female 30.30 ± 10.07 years (7-53 years). Majority of HIV+ persons were married (16% of males and 6% females were unmarried).24% of women were widows. Majority of HIV+ males and females had only primary schooling. 11% males and 21% females were illiterate. Main occupations of HIV+ males were daily wages labor and salaried service or other unspecified four out of 5 HIV+ women were housewives 70% of subjects were either referred from RNTCP or were self reporting. Heterosexual route was the most common route of transmission. Mean CD4 counts Males: 190.48 ± 180.52, Females: 286.21 ± 220.25 (t=2.09; p=0.039, significant).At the time of first reporting to ART centers, mean CD4 count was significantly higher in HIV+ females as compared to males. More than 50% of HIV+ males and 30% of females had co-infection of HIV & TB. CD4 count was associated with gender and co-infection with TB. Significantly higher odds of HIV-TB co-infection among male as compared to females (chi-square=4.49, p=0.034) and odds Ratio=2.76(1.07 – 7.14) Conclusions: Low literacy and some occupations carry higher risk of HIV. CD4 count was associated with gender and co-infection with TB. Odds of co-infection with TB were higher in males. Analysis of information at ICTC & ART centre should be used to monitor and plan HIV prevention and control in the area. SAARC J TUBER LUNG DIS HIV/AIDS , 2017; XIV(1), page: 22-26","PeriodicalId":301405,"journal":{"name":"Saarc Journal of Tuberculosis, Lung Diseases and Hiv\\/aids","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129227646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SIDE EFFECTS ASSOCIATED WITH DRUGS USED IN TREATMENT OF MULTI DRUG RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS AND TREATMENT RELATED FACTORS OF MULTI DRUG RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS PATIENTS IN KATHMANDU VALLEY","authors":"C. P. Bhatt, B. Kc","doi":"10.3126/SAARCTB.V14I1.17718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/SAARCTB.V14I1.17718","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Treatment of multi drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MDR-TB) with second line drugs is associated with adverse drug reactions and toxicity. Aim of this study were to determine side effects associated with drugs used in treatment of multi drug resistant tuberculosis and treatment related factors of MDR-TB patients. Methodology: A prospective study was carried out in National Tuberculosis Centre Bhaktapur Nepal. Questionnaires were used to collect data from patients. Results: Total 101 MDR TB patients were included among them majorities were male (52%) and mean age of the patients was 31.2 years. Majority of patients (87.1%) had previous history of tuberculosis treatment and 54.5% were in intensive phase of treatment. The side effect associated with drugs used in treatment of MDR-TB reported by patients were joint pain (21.2%), nausea (20.3%), hearing disturbances (11%), gastrointestinal disturbance (9.9%), depression (9.6%), itching (8.1%), hypothyroidism (6.4%), dizziness (6.4%), seizures (3.8%) and hepatitis (3.5%). Last month 25.74% patients missed one or more doses of drugs and 3.9% missed drug doses due to side effect of drugs. Majorities of the patients used vehicle to reach health centre (92.07%), time to reach the health center (59.4%) were less than 30 minutes but majorities of patients (57.4%) were not satisfied by the counseling of health care worker. Conclusion: The finding of this study shows that in MDR patients 12.8% were found new cases. Last month 3.9% patients were stopped the drugs due to side effects of drugs. Majority of patients (57.4%) were not satisfied by counseling of health care worker. Treatment of multi drug resistant tuberculosis with second line anti tubercular drugs is associated with side effects, health care worker counseling to MDR- TB patients with full attention is essential to encourage the patient’s moral and complete the treatment. Timely managing the side effects of medication is important in helping people to complete their treatment. SAARC J TUBER LUNG DIS HIV/AIDS, 2017; XIV(1), Page: 1-6","PeriodicalId":301405,"journal":{"name":"Saarc Journal of Tuberculosis, Lung Diseases and Hiv\\/aids","volume":"90 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124649163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A SIMPLE AND RAPID LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF LEVOFLOXACIN IN PLASMA","authors":"A. K. Kumar, V. Sudha, G. Ramachandran","doi":"10.3126/SAARCTB.V14I1.17726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/SAARCTB.V14I1.17726","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Levofloxacin (LFX) is one of the second line anti-tuberculosis drugs used in the treatment of multi drug resistant tuberculosis. Monitoring of LFX concentrations in plasma may be valuable to study its pharmacokinetics and drug-drug interaction when co-administered with other anti-tuberculosis drugs. We developed a high performance liquid chromatic method of determination of LFX in plasma. Methodology: The method involved deproteinisation of the sample with perchloric acid and analysis of the supernatant using a reversed-phase C18 column (150mm) and fluorescence detection at an excitation wavelength of 290 nm and an emission wavelength of 460 nm. Results: The assay was specific for LFX and linear from 0.25 to 10.0μg/ml. The relative standard deviation of intra- and inter-day assays was lower than 10%. The average recovery of LFX from plasma was 99%. Conclusion: A sensitive, specific and validated method for quantitative determination of LFX in plasma was developed .Due to its simplicity; the assay can be used for pharmacokinetic studies of LFX. SAARC J TUBER LUNG DIS HIV/AIDS, 2017; XIV(1), page: 27-32","PeriodicalId":301405,"journal":{"name":"Saarc Journal of Tuberculosis, Lung Diseases and Hiv\\/aids","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126106421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MAJOR DEPRESSION AMONG PREGNANT MOTHERS WITH HIV: CORRELATES AND SUGGESTED INTERVENTIONS","authors":"E. Thiruvalluvan","doi":"10.3126/SAARCTB.V14I1.17728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/SAARCTB.V14I1.17728","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Psychological disturbance particularly depression is common among people living with HIV infection. More so among pregnant mothers due to concerns with regard to safe delivery, transmission of HIV infection to child, worries about the future and so on. Therefore, this study was undertaken to explore and describe the prevalence and correlates of depression in order to plan an appropriate intervention to ensure quality of life to women with HIV and their children. Methodology: Antenatal mothers with HIV infection who attended Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Government Rajaji Hospital, Madurai between December 2007 and September 2008 for parturition were included in the study. Depression was assessed using the center for epidemiology studies depression scale (CES-D). The scale has 20 items, with a 4 point Likert scale scores ranging from 0-3 for each statement. Results: A total of 53 respondents were included in the study. Median age of the respondents was 25 years. Despite availability of services of Voluntary Counselling and Testing Centre (VCTC) only 34 respondents underwent HIV screening Depression score. One tenth of them have experienced major depression. Sixteen respondents were depressed on knowing their HIV status, 22 respondents were shocked on receiving of positive results while six respondents attempted to commit suicide. Feeling of discrimination (p-0.003) and thought of abortion after knowing the HIV positive status (p-.003) had significant influence in experience of major depression. Conclusion: Quality of services of counsellors at antenatal clinics need to be improved and encouraged to periodically assess the psychological needs of antenatal / pregnant mothers. Sensitizing women on methods of family planning should begin during pregnancy and in the post natal period. Referral services should be strengthened further for timely intervention. SAARC J TUBER LUNG DIS HIV/AIDS, 2017; XIV(1), Page: 40-45","PeriodicalId":301405,"journal":{"name":"Saarc Journal of Tuberculosis, Lung Diseases and Hiv\\/aids","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126643685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}