Toruńskie Studia Międzynarodowe最新文献

{"title":"“GREENING” THE CRITICAL THEORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS WITH THE CONCEPT OF WORLD-ECOLOGY","authors":"Piotr Walewicz","doi":"10.12775/tis.2018.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/tis.2018.011","url":null,"abstract":"The article signals the need for a deepened theoretical analysis of environmental issues in International Relations studies. It initializes the idea of “Greening” the Critical Theory of International Relations with critical concepts from other sciences. Thus it proposes the scope of Critical Theory of IR to be expanded to cover not only the relations between power and capital, but the relations of power-capital-nature. It shows common points between the Critical Theory of IR and the concepts of world-ecology and the Capitalocene by Jason W. Moore and proposes reforming some founding definitions that the Critical Theory of IR is based on. This includes re-conceptualizing the critique of capitalism as a way of organizing nature, but also distancing oneself from the Cartesian dichotomy of Society + Nature, which is an obstacle to properly including environmental issues in IR research.","PeriodicalId":301377,"journal":{"name":"Toruńskie Studia Międzynarodowe","volume":"137 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132398467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE PROPOSAL SYSTEM OF SUPPORTING ECONOMIC EFFECTS FOR INTRODUCING NEW EDIBLE OILS TO THE LIBYAN MARKET","authors":"A. M. Albegar, Szymon T. Dziuba, Hashem Saad Ahmed Ali, Omer Khlafalla-Omar","doi":"10.12775/TIS.2018.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/TIS.2018.010","url":null,"abstract":"There are two food production processes that involve the replacement of one ingredient with other substance or a mixture of two or more products. One of them is adulteration of food products. This applies to high-cost and high-quality oils e.g. olive oil that is frequently subject to adulteration with other edible oils of lower value. Such a food fraud affects the quality of the gentle oil and the foods the ingredient of which is olive oil. The second action often applied to the oils is blending of the variety of  products originating from many different regions and countries. Sometimes the oils originating from various sources and years are blended to create a consistent taste. The subject of this paper is the application of the multi-analysis method to assess the process of the blending of several oils and thus creating a new mixture to satisfy the market demand for new hitherto unknown oils, advertised as new products. For this task we construct a new system under the label of Special Modification Oil-SMO. The system consists of three parts: 1. Theoretical part, 2. Practical part; that is, an experimental part 3. The last part is the economic justification to fulfill market demand by launching new oils of high quality serving many purposes and at the same time being cheaper. Therefore, in this paper we mainly focus on the practical aspect of the issue; however, the economic justificatory criteria are of equal importance. Economics starts to be relevant once we start considering the possibility of producing the oils in question. The proposed SMO system has been used in these calculations to obtain the required composition of the blend destined for special application. The present work shows that the chemical parameters of the final mixture can be numerically calculated when the characteristics of primary components are known. The SMO procedure can constitute input data for theoretical evaluations. The SMO procedure computes the best mixtures for the new oil demanded by the market. According to the SMO’s formula, also the economic factors of a given undertaking are taken into account (that is, such technological factors as costs of different mixtures). The verification of experience finishes when certain economic ends are achieved.","PeriodicalId":301377,"journal":{"name":"Toruńskie Studia Międzynarodowe","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131605487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MIGRATION CRISIS IN 2013 AS AN EXAMPLE OF THE LACK OF POLITICAL COHESION OF EU COUNTRIES","authors":"A. Czarnecka","doi":"10.12775/TIS.2018.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/TIS.2018.012","url":null,"abstract":"The Arab Spring of Nations affected not only the Middle East countries. Frustrated citizens decided to flee their own country. Most started heading for Europe. Having done so, they did not expect any predicament while crossing a dangerous road. The migration crisis overwhelmed EU countries by exposing their lack of coherent foreign and asylum policies. Due to the lack of unity and crisis management procedures, the neighbouring states were exposed to great danger. The lack of a rapid joint decision led to the outbreak of one of the largest humanitarian crises. The following text aims to prove the thesis that the migration crisis was an example of the lack of a common EU policy towards the above-mentioned problem.","PeriodicalId":301377,"journal":{"name":"Toruńskie Studia Międzynarodowe","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130407977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"POLAND'S NATIONAL SECURITY POLICY IN A NEW REGIONAL SECURITY ENVIRONMENT. CASE STUDY: NATIONAL SECURITY STRATEGY OF POLAND (2014)","authors":"A. Moldovan","doi":"10.12775/TIS.2018.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/TIS.2018.008","url":null,"abstract":"Military aggression conducted by Russia against Ukraine was a turning point on the scene of international relations, and, particularly, in Europe. The Russian aggression against Ukraine, completed by the illegal occupation and annexation of the Crimean Peninsula represented the first post-Cold War event when a state claimed under the spectrum of force a territory belonging to another state, whose borders are recognised under the international law. Russia’s aggression triggered a general concern in Eastern Europe. The Polish leaders were among the first European officials who vehemently condemned Russia’s actions. Therefore, this paper aims to explore Poland stance on Russia's military aggression against Ukraine and how the Polish leadership posture is then reflected in the new concept of the national security strategy. Thus, we focus on the National Security Strategy of the Republic of Poland (2014).","PeriodicalId":301377,"journal":{"name":"Toruńskie Studia Międzynarodowe","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129659331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"POLISH EXTERNAL DEBT","authors":"Grzegorz Górniewicz","doi":"10.12775/tis.2018.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/tis.2018.009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":301377,"journal":{"name":"Toruńskie Studia Międzynarodowe","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130836112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EFFICIENT USE OF COMMON RESOURCES IN CONDITIONS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT","authors":"A. Kordonska, Ihor Hurnyak","doi":"10.12775/TIS.2018.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/TIS.2018.007","url":null,"abstract":"Many of the challenges facing humankind, such as climate change, water scarcity, inequality and hunger, can be resolved not only at a global level by promoting sustainable development but, first of all, at local level. Local communities in many countries have been seeking to improve sustainability. They are policy makers and catalysts of change that unify the global goals with their own local ones. In the light of the theoretical background it was made an attempt to extend the analysis of effective managing a commons proposed by Elinor Ostrom basically on the example of Ukraine by introducing the obstacles and opportunities for local communities functioning in the direction of sustainable development. Considering the experience of European states, the basis for the transformation in conditions of sustainable development is a citizen as an individual, guided by his own “taste to life” in accordance to the right guaranteed by the state and the community to choose its place in life. In the relevant conditions it is expedient to look for effective tools of influence on central and local governments and possibilities of the transformation the whole system of public administration by focusing on the role of community and its opportunities for the effective use of shared resources. The duplication of the process of consolidation without development of a social state only destroys the remnants of local self-governance and, as a consequence, all other branches of power in general.","PeriodicalId":301377,"journal":{"name":"Toruńskie Studia Międzynarodowe","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131114880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RATIONALISTIC DIRECTION IN ANGLO-AMERICAN HISTORIOGRAPHY: BASIC APPROACHES TO THE STUDY OF GERMAN QUESTION IN POSTWAR DECADE","authors":"I. Kaviaka","doi":"10.12775/TIS.2018.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/TIS.2018.006","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the article is to conduct a comprehensive study of the approaches of British and American rationalist historians to the study of the German question in the postwar decade. The article establishes the prerequisites and conditions for the formation of the rationalistic approach in Anglo-American historiography in postwar period. The main aspects of the German problem, which became the subject of research in Anglo-American historiography, identified. The characteristic features and patterns of the analysis of the German problem in the works of rationalist historians revealed. The article results and conclusions can be used in the further study of the main trends in the development of historical science in the UK and the USA in the postwar period, as well as in analyzing the German problem in the system of international relations in the second half of the twentieth century.","PeriodicalId":301377,"journal":{"name":"Toruńskie Studia Międzynarodowe","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131940826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"African Regional Media System in Post-Bipolar Era","authors":"V. Tereshchuk","doi":"10.12775/TIS.2018.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/TIS.2018.005","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the development of African regional media system development in the period after Cold War, including contemporary situation, both from political perspective. It is characterized primarily by the fact that Africa ceased to be an arena of confrontation between the communist and capitalist worlds, but instead it became a place for international competition for the influence on the continent between the “old” and “new” global players, mainly, between the USA, Europe and China. This struggle is manifested in high level of attention for the creation and support by main actors of various channels of influence on African audiences by mass media (both traditional — foreign broadcasting by radio and television, and Internet platforms — websites, online broadcasting, social media). Secondly, there is an attempt by the African media environment to create Pan-African media, which, being guided by commercial needs and operated in conditions of liberalized information space, are quite successful, unlike the failed projects that took place during the Cold War, being politically motivated and existed in a largely undemocratic environment. We also argue that there are distinct sub-regional media systems that coincide with the borders of the former colonial empires. Their existence is both colonial legacy (common language, cultural ties, etc.), and a result of contemporary of media influence of the former metropolises.","PeriodicalId":301377,"journal":{"name":"Toruńskie Studia Międzynarodowe","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126765102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"INTERSTATE REFORMS OF UKRAINE IN THE CONTEXT OF ITS INTERACTION WITH NATO","authors":"V. Shvedun","doi":"10.12775/TIS.2018.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/TIS.2018.003","url":null,"abstract":"The present paper highlights the procedures of implementing Ukraine’s interstate reforms in the context of its interaction with NATO. In particular, what was demonstrated was the appraisal of the methods of effectuating interstate reforms in the context of the above-stated interaction in 2016–2017. Furthermore, the paper presents the comparative analysis of the implementation of the said interstate programs related to Ukraine-NATO cooperation, as it unfolded in 2016, as compared to 2017. Finally, the present article purports to forecast a number of Ukraine’s possible interstate programs pertinent to its interaction with NATO as well as the potential development of efficient mechanisms for the implementation thereof.","PeriodicalId":301377,"journal":{"name":"Toruńskie Studia Międzynarodowe","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131399973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of Brexit on the European Union’s future development in the context of European integration","authors":"Anna Moskal","doi":"10.12775/TIS.2018.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/TIS.2018.002","url":null,"abstract":"The future of the European Union is a topic which frequently generates multiple heated debates amongst politicians, lawyers and political scientists. This issue is even more burning and contentious after the Brexit referendum, which is a turning point in the history of European integration. As an answer to the first withdrawal of a member state from the European Union the European Commission published the “White Paper on the future of Europe. Reflections and scenarios for the EU27 by 2025” which immediately came under fire from critics. In this publication five possible scenarios for the future development of the European Union were presented with a view to “launch a process in which Europe determines its own path”. In September 2017 the President of the European Commission, Jean-Claude Juncker, in his “State of the Union Address 2017” outlined his own unique and alternative sixth scenario for Europe’s future, which concentrates principally on freedom, equality and the rule of law. The main aim of this article is to compile and provide an analysis of the effect of the United Kingdom’s withdrawal on the European Union’s future development in the context of European integration. This paper consists of five parts which include the history of European integration, an analysis of the Brexit referendum and its impact, as well as a presentation of the 6 possible future development scenarios. The research methodology of this study combines both qualitative and quantitative methods.","PeriodicalId":301377,"journal":{"name":"Toruńskie Studia Międzynarodowe","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126918238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}