2009 Power Systems Conference最新文献

{"title":"IEC 61850 process bus solution addressing business needs of today's utilities","authors":"S. Hodder, B. Kasztenny, D. McGinn, R. Hunt","doi":"10.1109/PSAMP.2009.5262419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PSAMP.2009.5262419","url":null,"abstract":"There are a number of important considerations that must be taken into account when deploying any new technology solution within a power substation. These include not only technical factors such as performance, security and reliability but also significant business considerations like manageability, safety, staff training issues and overall installation cost versus payback. Often the sole justification considered for the installation of IEC 61850-9-2 process bus in substations is its necessity in order to use non-conventional instrument transformers. What is needed is the justification for this exciting technology that is able to address the present and future business needs of the utility as a whole. The cost used as a benchmark is often the cost of the individual components of these systems and not the overall total installed cost or overall lifecycle costs. Upon closer examination, it can be readily and repeatedly seen that at most utilities the primary source of cost is in the documentation, physical installation, termination and commissioning of thousands of individual copper connections. A primary business rationale for developing IEC 61850-9-2 process bus architectures must be the minimization of all of the costs associated with the installation, operation and maintenance of protection and control systems and the optimization of project execution and resource usage. This paper presents key drivers and expectations of today's utilities for the next generation protection and control systems. A practical architecture delivering both solid technical performance and substantial cost benefits to the user is presented, with cost savings and resource optimization illustrated with a simplified business case study.","PeriodicalId":300437,"journal":{"name":"2009 Power Systems Conference","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116108584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Secure data communication for line differential relays","authors":"J. Holbach, Norbert Schsuter, Arnd Struecker","doi":"10.1109/PSAMP.2009.5262405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PSAMP.2009.5262405","url":null,"abstract":"By application of numerical differential protection devices over digital communication links it is possible to transfer, apart from the protection relevant data, additional binary information and measured values. Communication convertors adapt the telegrams of the devices to the communication medium. Apart from classical pilot wire links and optical fibres it is also possible to use modern communication networks for the transfer of data. With the application of WDM technology the few optical fibre cores between the stations can be used more efficiently. The protection equipment provides all the measuring and monitoring functions to ensure a data connection with very high security and dependability. This ensures a cost optimised and efficient solution for the transfer of protection related and additional data.","PeriodicalId":300437,"journal":{"name":"2009 Power Systems Conference","volume":"45 23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126191856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovation and trends for future electric power systems","authors":"T. Garrity","doi":"10.1109/PSAMP.2009.5262326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PSAMP.2009.5262326","url":null,"abstract":"The electric power industry is experiencing a period of sustained growth to meet the growing energy needs of the planet. Innovations such as deployment of smart grid solutions will facilitate the pending growth of the infrastructure as new facilities are added to the network and embedded with the installed base. Grid intelligence will assist planners and operators deal with the increasing complexity of secure and reliable power supply and delivery. Renewable power generation technologies will expand in both the total GW to be installed and percentage of contribution to the total energy consumed, but renewables alone will not displace the need for new base load generation. Cleaner and lower emission fossil generation sources will continue to be the backbone of power generation additions. Nuclear power will grow in importance as the industry looks towards the future, but siting and permitting these plants will create formidable challenges in the industrialized countries. Conservation and efficiency improvements will contribute to demand reduction and parenthetically reduce the need for new generation additions. While not specifically mentioned in this article, innovations and technology developments to increase continuous current ratings and fault interrupting capabilities for high voltage equipment will continue as urban centers grow and expand. Compact designs with reduced footprints are necessary to install new substations in densely populated urban areas with very high load densities. UHV ac and dc will become increasingly important as transmission distances increase between power supply resources and urban load centers. Distribution automation, not discussed in this article, will help to optimize the reliability and performance of distribution systems. Major investments in new distribution automation and distribution management systems will occur in the not too distant future as the industry seeks to capitalize on the deployment of AMI systems. Looking forward, we face exciting and challenging times in our industry. There has never been a better time to be a power systems engineer leading this industry transformation.","PeriodicalId":300437,"journal":{"name":"2009 Power Systems Conference","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128241784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of available transmission capability (ATC) calculation methods","authors":"Manish Patel, A. Girgis","doi":"10.1109/PSAMP.2009.5262325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PSAMP.2009.5262325","url":null,"abstract":"In last few years, transfer of bulk electrical power over long distances has increased in order to have a reliable and economical electrical supply. For example, hydroelectric power generated in Canada can be transferred to consumers and industry in United States using the high voltage transmission system. But only limited amount of power can be transferred over the transmission system subject to thermal limits of transmission lines, bus voltage limits, dynamic stability and voltage stability limits. The maximum power that can be transferred over the existing amount is called the available transfer capability. To operate the power system safely and to gain the benefits of the bulk power transfers, the transfer capabilities must be calculated and the power system planned and operated so that the power transfers do not exceed the transfer capability. The purpose of this paper is to explain concepts and calculation methods used to calculate available transfer capability and also discuss advantages and disadvantages of each. The methods reviewed in this paper are based on DC and AC Power Transfer Distribution Factors (PTDF), Continuation Power Flow (CPF) and repeated AC Power Flow. Simulation results are presented for each method on IEEE 6-bus and 39-bus system.","PeriodicalId":300437,"journal":{"name":"2009 Power Systems Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115774936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An optimized architecture for IEC 61850 process bus","authors":"B. Kasztenny, D. McGinn, M. Adamiak","doi":"10.1109/PSAMP.2009.5262444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PSAMP.2009.5262444","url":null,"abstract":"The IEC 61850-9-2 standard [1] focuses on transparency and standardization of data communications. Implementation issues such as suitable architectures, reliability, time synchronization, data sharing, maintainability, testability, and scalability remain outside the scope of the standard. Process bus architecture is a missing element on the road to implementing the next generation of Protection and Control (P&C) systems. In this paper, architecture refers to the definition and structure of the process interface points, partitioning and allocation of functions to the devices, the underlying structure of time synchronization, settings and firmware management, failure-tolerant communication framework, required data throughputs and latency considerations, data traffic patterns, and other related aspects. Careful analysis of the rules and symmetries occurring in topologies of high voltage substations allow for identification of process bus data traffic patterns, origins, destinations, and throughput required to accomplish a simple, robust, scalable and flexible IEC 61850 process bus architecture. The primary equipment itself drives a logical and natural architecture for a communication-based protection and control scheme. This paper presents a practical process bus architecture conforming to IEC 61850-9-2 that fits the task of protection and control of substations by drawing from the universal topology rules of substations.","PeriodicalId":300437,"journal":{"name":"2009 Power Systems Conference","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114519960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Updated transmission line protection communications","authors":"R. Moxley, K. Fodero, H. Altuve","doi":"10.1109/CPRE.2009.4982528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CPRE.2009.4982528","url":null,"abstract":"The telecommunications revolution has increased the options and capabilities available for communications-based protection of transmission lines. To improve tripping speeds on long and short lines, protection engineers can select from a host of media, protocols, and logic schemes. The question to address is what communications scheme is best for which circumstances. This paper begins by establishing performance baselines of protection scheme operating times measured in event reports for a variety of in-service lines. It includes various successful systems and takes into account all of the elements that must be addressed when engineering a protection scheme, such as relay pickup time, communications interface and latency, coordinating time delays, and sequential tripping times. These in-service schemes are compared with laboratory tests of new systems, using radio and fiber-optic communications with serial and Ethernet protocols. Methods of optimizing different systems are tested and evaluated; the final results are tabulated and compared. No single scheme is best for all circumstances. With comparison data, the protection engineer can select the best options to improve the overall power system performance. Recognizing the strengths and weaknesses of different schemes assists the engineer in addressing new situations. Comparing laboratory tests and in-service performance provides a tool for evaluating a transition to new technologies.","PeriodicalId":300437,"journal":{"name":"2009 Power Systems Conference","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131554767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptive protection of transmission lines","authors":"D. Tholomier, D. Paraiso, A. Apostolov","doi":"10.1109/PSAMP.2009.5262387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PSAMP.2009.5262387","url":null,"abstract":"Requirements for reduction in the duration of short circuit faults on transmission lines are based on significant system congestion and increased numbers of customers with loads sensitive to voltage variations. High-speed fault clearing for different faults on transmission lines can be achieved by advanced communications based protection schemes. However, they have the disadvantage that they require the availability of communications between the two ends of the line, which in many cases are not available. Significant improvement in the performance of non-communications based protection solutions can be made by the implementation of adaptive protection at the transmission level of the system. The grounding of transformers and their state, state of generators, the configuration of the system and the dynamic behavior of the system are analyzed from the point of view of the performance of transmission line protection relays. Special attention is paid to the cases of parallel, double circuit or multi-terminal lines. The effect of line state and grounding is analyzed. The performance of relays under dynamic loading conditions and power swings is later described in order to discuss the challenges of detecting of faults occurring under such conditions. After it is clear what are the conditions that have effect on the performance of non-communications based transmission line protection relays, the paper describes the methods for detection of changes in the different factors that affect the operation of the relays. Features in the transmission line protection relays that allow them to adapt to the changes in the system condition are described later in the paper. Monitoring of the state of breakers or switches, interface with the substation automation system, detection of faults under dynamic system conditions, changing of setting groups or use of the programmable scheme logic are discussed. The performance of the different adaptive functions used in transmission line protection relays need to be tested to ensure their correct operation during the changing system conditions. Tools for testing of these functions are discussed at the end of the paper.","PeriodicalId":300437,"journal":{"name":"2009 Power Systems Conference","volume":"158 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116232430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phasor measurement units: Functionality and applications","authors":"D. Tholomier, H. Kang, B. Čvorović","doi":"10.1109/PSAMP.2009.5262468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PSAMP.2009.5262468","url":null,"abstract":"Operating of electric power systems is becoming more and more complex and is posing more and more challenges every day as they are operated close to their stability limits. Electrical power systems are expending (renewable energy source RES, distributed generation DG, independent power producers IPPs, etc. which are often no dispatchable or controllable generation) while the energy market (generation, distribution, transmission) is deregulated. In addition, regulatory pressure tends to focus power system operators attention to grown the Return of Investment of their assets while power consumption is increasing and power system infrastructures are aging. On the other hand, the demand for higher reliability and power quality is increasing as power electronics driven sensitive loads are added by the industrial consumers. Power electronic converters can be found wherever there is a need to modify the electrical energy form (i.e modify its voltage, current or frequency).","PeriodicalId":300437,"journal":{"name":"2009 Power Systems Conference","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128510104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fast prediction of the power-swing curve across transmission lines during wide area disturbances","authors":"M. A. Danku, T. Baldwin","doi":"10.1109/PSAMP.2009.5262322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PSAMP.2009.5262322","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a fast prediction algorithm for the power-swing angle curve across a transmission line in a multi-machine power system following a major system disturbance. The methodology views the multi-machine power system from the transmission line perspective and exploits the principles of equivalent machines at each end of the transmission line as developed for the extended equal area criteria. The algorithm expands the swing center voltage concept to obtain a closed-form relation for the power-angle difference between the equivalent machines at each end of the transmission line. A curve fitting process is invoked to find the swing-curve from pairs of the power-angle estimates and the line sample power measurements. The results are compared with the time domain integral solution of the equivalent system swing equation using the center of inertia angle of the equivalent two-machine system in the post-disturbance period.","PeriodicalId":300437,"journal":{"name":"2009 Power Systems Conference","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122140674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relay parameterization made easy with a universal XML interface","authors":"B. Duncan","doi":"10.1109/PSAMP.2009.5262424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PSAMP.2009.5262424","url":null,"abstract":"Today each unique vender of protection systems or major Protective Relay Manufactures has their own software for transmitting parameters and setting protective relays. This is almost always based on MicrosoftTM operating systems. It is in this element where the largest numbers of setting errors occur, this being the human element. Even with in the same manufacturing company different departments go off on tangents for development for the HMI software interfaces. As the devices become more intelligent the need for a simplified software user interfaces is required. These devices for years have been able to export an XML file, so that the user could generate a standard report or chart in Excel. Now with the capability of importing an XML file the full strength of XML emerges and a common HMI across all products can be accomplished. The user only has to conform to a manufactures defined template in Excel and the settings can be passed to the software and downloaded to the relay. The data has to be input only once. The Software XML import and export interface for the exchange of data of protection devices offers the user new and cost-reducing possibilities: The user can read data from other applications into the setting software via the import interface and thus parameterise devices from outside. On the other hand, the setting data can be transmitted to other applications and can be processed there. Many protection setting programs are equipped with an export interface, but often the import function is just not supported. Data from other applications can be read into the protection operating software — after a conversion, if required. Often these data are the result of complicated calculations, for example in MS EXCEL setting sheets or in network calculation software. The system allows for a simple transfer and saves engineering costs, and of course it also prevents human typing errors. Software which is equipped with an import/export interface which allows the exchange of protection settings and signal connections in both directions. XML is a universal, easily readable, structured and platform independent code. While the data output of most of the setting programs is restricted to a simple ASCII text or, in some cases, uses the database format CSV, a different strategy has now been pursued. Software's which offer a universal format that is independent from the platform, comprehensible and durable, based on the standardised data description language XML (Extensible Markup Language). In accordance with the pertinent standard, suitable XML tags are offered that represent the structure of the parameter set on the one hand, and describe the meaning of the parameter on the other hand. Therefore the new XML format has a decisive advantage from the user's point of view: It is readable, well-structured with only a few levels and can be learnt easily and quickly. Only what is visible at the surface or what is included in the annex of every manual will be inclu","PeriodicalId":300437,"journal":{"name":"2009 Power Systems Conference","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124664920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}