{"title":"Comprehensive Review on Bubbles: Synthesis, Modification, Characterization and Biomedical Applications","authors":"Donald A. Fernandes*, ","doi":"10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.4c0013710.1021/acs.bioconjchem.4c00137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.4c00137https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.4c00137","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Accurate detection, treatment, and imaging of diseases are important for effective treatment outcomes in patients. In this regard, bubbles have gained much attention, due to their versatility. Bubbles usually 1 nm to 10 μm in size can be produced and loaded with a variety of lipids, polymers, proteins, and therapeutic and imaging agents. This review details the different production and loading methods for bubbles, for imaging and treatment of diseases/conditions such as cancer, tumor angiogenesis, thrombosis, and inflammation. Bubbles can also be used for perfusion measurements, important for diagnostic and therapeutic decision making in cardiac disease. The different factors important in the stability of bubbles and the different techniques for characterizing their physical and chemical properties are explained, for developing bubbles with advanced therapeutic and imaging features. Hence, the review provides important insights for researchers studying bubbles for biomedical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":29,"journal":{"name":"Bioconjugate Chemistry Bioconjugate","volume":"35 11","pages":"1639–1686 1639–1686"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142671911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Daiki Nakano, Hiroyuki Watanabe, Saito Kosuke, Masahiro Ono
{"title":"A Novel Bifunctional Chelating Agent for Tyrosine-Specific Radiolabeling of Peptides and Proteins.","authors":"Daiki Nakano, Hiroyuki Watanabe, Saito Kosuke, Masahiro Ono","doi":"10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.4c00363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.4c00363","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Site-specific radiolabeling is utilized for the development of antibody- or peptide-based radiotheranostic agents. Although tyrosine can be exploited as one of the target residues for site-specific radiolabeling of peptides and proteins, a tyrosine-specific radiolabeling method has not been established. In this study, we newly designed and synthesized a novel bifunctional chelating agent, TBD-DO3A, consisting of a triazabutadiene (TBD) scaffold and metal chelator, 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane 1,4,7-triacetic acid (DO3A). Conjugation of TBD-DO3A with Ac-Tyr-NHMe followed by <sup>111</sup>In-labeling afforded [<sup>111</sup>In]In-Tyr-DO3A, which showed high-level stability in mouse plasma. Then, we selected the tyrosine-containing cyclic peptide c(RGDyK) as a model ligand and synthesized [<sup>111</sup>In]In-RYD. [<sup>111/nat</sup>In]In-RYD showed <i>in vitro</i> binding properties for integrin α<sub>v</sub>β<sub>3</sub> equivalent to those of [<sup>111/nat</sup>In]In-RKD, a lysine residue-labeled control compound. In <i>in vivo</i> biodistribution and SPECT/CT imaging studies using U87MG/PC-3 tumor-bearing mice, [<sup>111</sup>In]In-RYD and [<sup>111</sup>In]In-RKD were selectively accumulated and facilitated U87MG tumor visualization at 24 h postinjection. These results indicate that TBD-DO3A has fundamental properties as a bifunctional chelator for tyrosine-specific radiolabeling of peptides and proteins.</p>","PeriodicalId":29,"journal":{"name":"Bioconjugate Chemistry Bioconjugate","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142379460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Linker and Conjugation Site Synergy in Antibody-Drug Conjugates: Impacts on Biological Activity.","authors":"Michihiko Aoyama, Minoru Tada, Hidetomo Yokoo, Takahito Ito, Takashi Misawa, Yosuke Demizu, Akiko Ishii-Watabe","doi":"10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.4c00348","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.4c00348","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) produced using general conjugation methods yield heterogeneous products containing mixtures of species with different numbers of payloads per antibody (drug-antibody ratios) conjugated at multiple sites. This heterogeneity affects the stability, efficacy, and safety of ADCs. Thus, various site-specific conjugation methods have been developed to achieve homogeneity in ADCs. It was reported that linker structures and conjugation sites generally affected the characteristics of site-specific ADCs such as stability, efficacy, and safety. However, the combined effects of conjugation sites and linker structures on the physicochemical and biological characteristics of site-specific ADCs have remained unclear. In this study, we generated 30 homogeneous site-specific ADCs with a combination of six conjugation sites and five linker structures using THIOMAB technology and evaluated the characteristics of these homogeneous ADCs. We found that both conjugation sites and linker structures affected characteristics unique to ADCs (linker stability as well as target-dependent and target-independent cytotoxicity) in site-specific ADCs. Especially, conjugation to the constant regions of the light chain and the presence of polyethylene glycol structures in the linker are important for those ADC-specific characteristics. Interestingly, we also found that the effects of linker structures on the target-independent cytotoxicity of homogeneous ADCs at certain conjugation sites differed from those seen in conventional heterogeneous ADCs. Our results suggest that optimizing linker structures based on the conjugation site may be necessary for site-specific ADCs.</p>","PeriodicalId":29,"journal":{"name":"Bioconjugate Chemistry Bioconjugate","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11488503/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142370191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marie Flamme, Raphael Göhring, Denise Zamarbide, Corentin Bon, Alexandra Vissières, Anne Basler, Daniela Miranda, Rainer Kneuer, Greg Mann
{"title":"Identification of a Novel Transasparaginase Activity of <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> (bTG) for Sequence-Specific Bioconjugation.","authors":"Marie Flamme, Raphael Göhring, Denise Zamarbide, Corentin Bon, Alexandra Vissières, Anne Basler, Daniela Miranda, Rainer Kneuer, Greg Mann","doi":"10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.4c00306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.4c00306","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The ability of <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> transglutaminase (bTG) to functionalize BSA has been investigated using peptide mapping experiments. Interestingly, the conjugation was not detected on a glutamine but on an asparagine residue. A sequence determination study was further performed, and a sequence of 10 amino acids for site-specific conjugation was identified. A monobody showing no native reactivity with the bTG enzyme was produced with the identified peptide sequences and successfully conjugated to various types of substrates in very high yields (>90%) with a 1/1/1.5 ratio of protein/amine/enzyme. Direct conjugation to the amino linker of a small interfering RNA (siRNA) was achieved in good yield, and no impact on the siRNA activity was observed following the conjugation. The identified sequences were further engineered in VHH and IgG scaffolds, and successful conjugation could also be observed with both small molecules and siRNA, confirming the potential of bTG for site-specific enzymatic bioconjugation.</p>","PeriodicalId":29,"journal":{"name":"Bioconjugate Chemistry Bioconjugate","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142363349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hironori Takeuchi, Elee Shimshoni, Satish Gandhesiri, Andrei Loas, Bradley L Pentelute
{"title":"Equimolar Cross-Coupling Using Reactive Coiled Coils for Covalent Protein Assemblies.","authors":"Hironori Takeuchi, Elee Shimshoni, Satish Gandhesiri, Andrei Loas, Bradley L Pentelute","doi":"10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.4c00327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.4c00327","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Biocompatible cross-coupling reactions enable the efficient covalent attachment of large biomolecules at near-stoichiometric ratios, ensuring the stability and integrity of the resulting products. We present an affinity-based peptide platform utilizing coiled coils containing reactive side chains for proximity-driven protein cross-coupling in the presence of a cross-linking agent. This platform supports both chemical synthesis and recombinant expression, using canonical amino acids to generate reactive affinity tags. Employing the E3/R3 coiled coil pair as a scaffold, we design four complementary coils with cysteine residues as cross-linking sites, achieving >90% conversion to covalent heterodimeric coupling products using 3,4-dibromomaleimide. Equimolar mixtures of proteins with reactive coils at their termini yield near-quantitative heterodimeric cross-coupling products. The strategic selection of complementary coiled coil pairs and cross-linking agents enables orthogonal assembly of macromolecules with diverse architectures. This method offers a versatile approach for creating covalent fusion proteins, enhancing their stability and functionality for applications in chemical biology, biotechnology, and medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":29,"journal":{"name":"Bioconjugate Chemistry Bioconjugate","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142363348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thi Hong Van Nguyen, Nicolas Tsapis, Lynda Benrabah, Boris Gouilleux, Jean-Pierre Baltaze, Séverine Domenichini, Elias Fattal, Laurence Moine
{"title":"Poly(malic acid) Nanoconjugates of Pyrazinoic Acid for Lung Delivery in the Treatment of Tuberculosis.","authors":"Thi Hong Van Nguyen, Nicolas Tsapis, Lynda Benrabah, Boris Gouilleux, Jean-Pierre Baltaze, Séverine Domenichini, Elias Fattal, Laurence Moine","doi":"10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.4c00335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.4c00335","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global infection, and TB treatments could be improved by site-specific targeting with delivery systems that allow tissue and cell uptake. To increase the drug concentration at the target sites following lung delivery, polymeric nanoconjugates based on biodegradable poly(malic acid) were designed. Pyrazinoic acid (POA), the active moiety of pyrazinamide─a first-line antituberculosis drug─was covalently bound to poly(malic acid) using a hydrophobic linker at mole ratios of 25%, 50%, and 75%. Three linkers, hexanediol, octanediol, and decanediol, were considered. Independently of the linker or ratio, all the conjugates were able to self-assemble, forming nanoconjugates (NCs) in water with 130-190 nm in diameter. Pyrazinoic acid could be released in a controlled manner without any burst release effect. Its kinetics can be adjusted by modifying the grafting ratio and linker length. No cytotoxicity was observed on RAW 264.7 macrophages up to ∼14 μg/mL of POA. In addition, the nanoconjugates were efficiently taken up by these cells over 5 h. Thanks to their high loading capacity and modulable release profiles, these nanoconjugates hold great promise for more effective treatment of tuberculosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":29,"journal":{"name":"Bioconjugate Chemistry Bioconjugate","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142337317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Margarida Q Rodrigues, Sara Patão, Mónica Thomaz, Tiago Nunes, Paula M Alves, António Roldão
{"title":"Tyrosinase-Mediated Conjugation for Antigen Display on Ferritin Nanoparticles.","authors":"Margarida Q Rodrigues, Sara Patão, Mónica Thomaz, Tiago Nunes, Paula M Alves, António Roldão","doi":"10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.4c00387","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.4c00387","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ferritin (Ft) nanoparticles have become versatile platforms for displaying antigens, being a promising technology for vaccine development. While genetic fusion has traditionally been the preferred method for antigen display, concerns about improper folding and steric hindrance that may compromise vaccine efficacy or stability have prompted alternative approaches. Bioconjugation offers the advantage of preserving native protein structure and function, with recent advancements improving efficiency and specificity. In this study, we used tyrosinase (TYR) to bioconjugate the receptor binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, tagged with a tyrosine (RBD-Y), to native cysteines on Ft, resulting in RBD-Y-Ft nanoparticles. We quantified available cysteines on ferritin using Ellman's assay and monitored their reduction during the reactions. Denaturing analytics (via SDS-PAGE, Western blot, and LC-TOF-MS) confirmed the formation of RBD-Y-Ft monomers with an expected molecular weight of 46 kDa. Mass photometry and HPLC estimated a molecular weight of RBD-Y-Ft nanoparticles of 680 kDa, which was higher than that of nonfunctionalized ferritin (480 kDa), indicating successful binding of up to eight RBD-Y antigens per 24-mer Ft nanoparticle. This work enhances our understanding of how Ft nanoparticles can be engineered to present antigens, leveraging them as a robust scaffold for producing tailored-made candidate vaccines in a timely manner.</p>","PeriodicalId":29,"journal":{"name":"Bioconjugate Chemistry Bioconjugate","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11487507/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142337320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Manon Ripoll, Héloïse Cahuzac, Igor Dovgan, Sylvain Ursuegui, Patrick Neuberg, Stephane Erb, Sarah Cianférani, Antoine Kichler, Jean-Serge Remy, Alain Wagner
{"title":"Supramolecular Bioconjugation Strategy for Antibody-Targeted Delivery of siRNA.","authors":"Manon Ripoll, Héloïse Cahuzac, Igor Dovgan, Sylvain Ursuegui, Patrick Neuberg, Stephane Erb, Sarah Cianférani, Antoine Kichler, Jean-Serge Remy, Alain Wagner","doi":"10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.4c00304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.4c00304","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>RNA interference is a widely used biological process by which double-stranded RNA induces sequence-specific gene silencing by targeting mRNA for degradation. However, the physicochemical properties of siRNAs make their delivery extremely challenging, thus limiting their bioavailability at the target site. In this context, we developed a versatile and selective siRNA delivery system of a trastuzumab-conjugated nanocarrier. These immunoconjugates consist of the assembly by electrostatic interactions of an oligonucleotide-modified antibody with a cationic micelle for the targeted delivery of siRNA in HER2-overexpressing cancer cells. Results show that, when associated with the corresponding siRNA at the appropriate N/P ratio, our supramolecular assembly was able to efficiently induce luciferase and PLK-1 gene silencing in a cell-selective manner in vitro.</p>","PeriodicalId":29,"journal":{"name":"Bioconjugate Chemistry Bioconjugate","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142337319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Strategy for Construction of Homogeneous Glycoproteins in Mammalian Cells.","authors":"Chang-Hee Lee, Hui Li, Ji Young Hyun, Injae Shin","doi":"10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.4c00361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.4c00361","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A general strategy that combines genetic code expansion with bio-orthogonal ligation techniques was developed and utilized to prepare homogeneously glycosylated receptors on the surface of mammalian cells. Using this approach, conjugates of the cell-surface oxytocin receptor (OTR) with oligosaccharides were efficiently generated in the cells. Cell studies revealed that glycans linked to the OTR are not essential for agonist-induced calcium flux and its internalization into cells via an OTR-mediated endocytosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":29,"journal":{"name":"Bioconjugate Chemistry Bioconjugate","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142337318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Gastrodin Liposomes Block Crosstalk between Astrocytes and Glioma Cells via Downregulating Cx43 to Improve Antiglioblastoma Efficacy of Temozolomide.","authors":"Yangjie Song, Qi Huang, Qing Pu, Shuting Ni, Wenhao Zhu, Wen Zhao, Hongzhi Xu, Kaili Hu","doi":"10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.4c00300","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.4c00300","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The crosstalk between glioma cells and astrocytes plays a crucial role in developing temozolomide (TMZ) resistance of glioblastomas, together with the existence of the BBB contributing to the unsatisfactory clinical treatment of glioblastomas. Herein, we developed a borneol-modified and gastrodin-loaded liposome (Bo-Gas-LP), with the intent of enhancing the efficacy of TMZ therapy after intranasal administration. The results showed that Bo-Gas-LP improved GL261 cells' sensitivity to TMZ and prolonged survival of GL261-bearing mice by blocking the crosstalk between astrocytes and glioblastoma cells with the decrease of Cx43. Our study showed that intranasal Bo-Gas-LP targeting the crosstalk in glioblastoma microenvironments proposed a promising targeted therapy idea to overcome the current therapeutic limitations of TMZ-resistant glioblastomas.</p>","PeriodicalId":29,"journal":{"name":"Bioconjugate Chemistry Bioconjugate","volume":" ","pages":"1380-1390"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142045954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}