HiN Alexander von Humboldt im Netz Internationale Zeitschrift fur HumboldtStudien最新文献

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HiN Alexander von Humboldt im Netz Internationale Zeitschrift fur HumboldtStudien Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.17104/9783406734366-121
Andreas Daum
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引用次数: 0
Outburst floods from moraine-dammed lakes in the Himalayas 喜马拉雅山的冰碛湖爆发洪水
HiN Alexander von Humboldt im Netz Internationale Zeitschrift fur HumboldtStudien Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.25932/publishup-43607
Georg Veh
{"title":"Outburst floods from moraine-dammed lakes in the Himalayas","authors":"Georg Veh","doi":"10.25932/publishup-43607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25932/publishup-43607","url":null,"abstract":"The Himalayas are a region that is most dependent, but also frequently prone to hazards from changing meltwater resources. This mountain belt hosts the highest mountain peaks on earth, has the largest reserve of ice outside the polar regions, and is home to a rapidly growing population in recent decades. One source of hazard has attracted scientific research in particular in the past two decades: glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs) occurred rarely, but mostly with fatal and catastrophic consequences for downstream communities and infrastructure. Such GLOFs can suddenly release several million cubic meters of water from naturally impounded meltwater lakes. Glacial lakes have grown in number and size by ongoing glacial mass losses in the Himalayas. Theory holds that enhanced meltwater production may increase GLOF frequency, but has never been tested so far. The key challenge to test this notion are the high altitudes of >4000 m, at which lakes occur, making field work impractical. Moreover, flood waves can attenuate rapidly in mountain channels downstream, so that many GLOFs have likely gone unnoticed in past decades. Our knowledge on GLOFs is hence likely biased towards larger, destructive cases, which challenges a detailed quantification of their frequency and their response to atmospheric warming. Robustly quantifying the magnitude and frequency of GLOFs is essential for risk assessment and management along mountain rivers, not least to implement their return periods in building design codes. Motivated by this limited knowledge of GLOF frequency and hazard, I developed an algorithm that efficiently detects GLOFs from satellite images. In essence, this algorithm classifies land cover in 30 years (~1988–2017) of continuously recorded Landsat images over the Himalayas, and calculates likelihoods for rapidly shrinking water bodies in the stack of land cover images. I visually assessed such detected tell-tale sites for sediment fans in the river channel downstream, a second key diagnostic of GLOFs. Rigorous tests and validation with known cases from roughly 10% of the Himalayas suggested that this algorithm is robust against frequent image noise, and hence capable to identify previously unknown GLOFs. Extending the search radius to the entire Himalayan mountain range revealed some 22 newly detected GLOFs. I thus more than doubled the existing GLOF count from 16 previously known cases since 1988, and found a dominant cluster of GLOFs in the Central and Eastern Himalayas (Bhutan and Eastern Nepal), compared to the rarer affected ranges in the North. Yet, the total of 38 GLOFs showed no change in the annual frequency, so that the activity of GLOFs per unit glacial lake area has decreased in the past 30 years. I discussed possible drivers for this finding, but left a further attribution to distinct GLOF-triggering mechanisms open to future research. This updated GLOF frequency was the key input for assessing GLOF hazard for the entire Himalayan mount","PeriodicalId":29984,"journal":{"name":"HiN Alexander von Humboldt im Netz Internationale Zeitschrift fur HumboldtStudien","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://publishup.uni-potsdam.de/frontdoor/index/index/docId/43607","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147922957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
VI. Lieben, was man begreift: In wechselnden Welten, 1827–1840 六、爱你会学到在1827—1840世界里
HiN Alexander von Humboldt im Netz Internationale Zeitschrift fur HumboldtStudien Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.17104/9783406734366-85
Andreas Daum
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引用次数: 0
V. Dem Publikum übergeben: In der bürgerlichen Gesellschaft, 1804–1827 公元前交给观众:在阶级社会中,1804-1827
HiN Alexander von Humboldt im Netz Internationale Zeitschrift fur HumboldtStudien Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.17104/9783406734366-62
Andreas Daum
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引用次数: 0
Personenregister Personenregister
HiN Alexander von Humboldt im Netz Internationale Zeitschrift fur HumboldtStudien Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.17104/9783406734366-126
Andreas Daum
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引用次数: 0
IV. Ein Bild des Ganzen gewinnen: Die amerikanische Reise, 1799–1804 四:全美旅行171804年
HiN Alexander von Humboldt im Netz Internationale Zeitschrift fur HumboldtStudien Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.17104/9783406734366-44
Andreas Daum
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引用次数: 0
Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis Titelei /目录。
HiN Alexander von Humboldt im Netz Internationale Zeitschrift fur HumboldtStudien Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.17104/9783406734366-2
Andreas Daum
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引用次数: 0
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