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Legal and regulatory aspects of long-term operation of nuclear power plants in OECD member countries 经合发组织成员国核电厂长期运行的法律和规章方面
Nuclear Law Bulletin Pub Date : 2011-07-26 DOI: 10.1787/NUCLEAR_LAW-2011-5KG1ZQXH49LW
Sam Emmerechts, Christian Raetzke, Benjamin Okra
{"title":"Legal and regulatory aspects of long-term operation of nuclear power plants in OECD member countries","authors":"Sam Emmerechts, Christian Raetzke, Benjamin Okra","doi":"10.1787/NUCLEAR_LAW-2011-5KG1ZQXH49LW","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1787/NUCLEAR_LAW-2011-5KG1ZQXH49LW","url":null,"abstract":"Nuclear power plants are typically designed to operate for 30 to 40 years. Between 2010 and 2020 a large number of nuclear power plants in the world and in OECD member countries, in particular, will reach their 30th or 40th anniversary. 1 As of June 2011, out of 440 nuclear power plants operating in the world, approximately 81% had been in operation for more than 20 years and about 35% for more than 30 years.2 In OECD member countries there are at present 339 nuclear reactors in operation, of which 135 reactors (39.8% of the total number) are over 30 years old and 15 reactors (4.4% of the total number) are over 40 years old. All nuclear reactors in Finland have reached their 30th anniversary while in the United States 56% of all reactors are beyond 30. In the United Kingdom and Germany about 42% of nuclear reactors are older than 30 years while in Canada, France and Japan, the respective percentages in this age bracket amount to 22%, 34% and 30%.","PeriodicalId":299751,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Law Bulletin","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129176648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Convention on Supplementary Compensation for Nuclear Damage (CSC) and harmonisation of nuclear liability law within the European Union 《核损害补充赔偿公约》(CSC)和欧洲联盟内核责任法的协调
Nuclear Law Bulletin Pub Date : 2011-07-26 DOI: 10.1787/NUCLEAR_LAW-2011-5KG1ZQXH267J
Ben McRae
{"title":"Convention on Supplementary Compensation for Nuclear Damage (CSC) and harmonisation of nuclear liability law within the European Union","authors":"Ben McRae","doi":"10.1787/NUCLEAR_LAW-2011-5KG1ZQXH267J","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1787/NUCLEAR_LAW-2011-5KG1ZQXH267J","url":null,"abstract":"Recent events at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plants have demonstrated the importance of having strong and effective nuclear liability regimes in effect at the national and global levels to assure the availability of prompt and equitable compensation for nuclear damage in the event of a nuclear incident. In the aftermath of Chernobyl, the international community came together under the auspices of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (OECD/NEA) to review the nuclear liability principles in the 1963 Vienna Convention 1 and the 1960 Paris Convention,2 consider enhancements to improve the effectiveness of those principles and develop the basis for establishing a worldwide liability regime to supplement and enhance those principles with a view to increasing the amount of compensation available for nuclear damage.3 After an extensive and thorough review of the then existing liability regimes and numerous proposals for improvements, the international community adopted the Convention on Supplementary Compensation for Nuclear Damage (CSC)to be the basis for a worldwide liability regime. With the recent ratification of the CSC by the United States, the CSC is poised to come into effect. Now is the time for the international community, and especially those countries that use and promote the use of nuclear power, to act to bring the CSC into effect. Such action will establish a global regime","PeriodicalId":299751,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Law Bulletin","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133613777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
International nuclear law in the 25 years between Chernobyl and Fukushima and beyond 从切尔诺贝利到福岛以及之后25年的国际核法
Nuclear Law Bulletin Pub Date : 2011-07-26 DOI: 10.1787/NUCLEAR_LAW-2011-5KG1ZQXHFCLS
Selma Kuş
{"title":"International nuclear law in the 25 years between Chernobyl and Fukushima and beyond","authors":"Selma Kuş","doi":"10.1787/NUCLEAR_LAW-2011-5KG1ZQXHFCLS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1787/NUCLEAR_LAW-2011-5KG1ZQXHFCLS","url":null,"abstract":"This issue of the Nuclear Law Bulletin opens with a paper dedicated both to legal developments since the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant 25 years ago and possible legal implications of the accidents at Fukushima Daiichi which occurred after Japan was struck by a devastating earthquake on 11 March 2011.","PeriodicalId":299751,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Law Bulletin","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128958231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Competition Law and the Nuclear Sector: An EU Outlook 竞争法与核部门:欧盟展望
Nuclear Law Bulletin Pub Date : 2011-01-14 DOI: 10.1787/NUCLEAR_LAW-2010-5KG0M1L32TJG
M. Ferro
{"title":"Competition Law and the Nuclear Sector: An EU Outlook","authors":"M. Ferro","doi":"10.1787/NUCLEAR_LAW-2010-5KG0M1L32TJG","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1787/NUCLEAR_LAW-2010-5KG0M1L32TJG","url":null,"abstract":"Competition law essentially aims at preventing harmful distortions of competition in the market which may be caused by agreements between companies, by the abusive behaviour of dominant companies, by structural changes in the market due to mergers or by state aid.1 However, often such practices and measures are actually necessary to render certain services viable, to obtain new or better products, to pursue other policies for the greater benefit of the collective, etc. Occasionally, this raises interesting issues in the nuclear sector.","PeriodicalId":299751,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Law Bulletin","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122542933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Deliberations on Compensation and Remediation of Nuclear Damage to the Environment 关于核环境损害赔偿和补救的讨论
Nuclear Law Bulletin Pub Date : 2011-01-14 DOI: 10.1787/NUCLEAR_LAW-2010-5KG0M1L2WX6K
N. Pelzer
{"title":"Deliberations on Compensation and Remediation of Nuclear Damage to the Environment","authors":"N. Pelzer","doi":"10.1787/NUCLEAR_LAW-2010-5KG0M1L2WX6K","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1787/NUCLEAR_LAW-2010-5KG0M1L2WX6K","url":null,"abstract":"At its meeting held on 17 and 18 November 2009,1 the OECD NEA.s Nuclear Law Committee (NLC) discussed the issue of obtaining financial security to cover liability for environmental damage. The experts from the insurance industry observed that the liability for environmental damage under the i°2004 Paris Convention on Third Party Liability in the Field of Nuclear Energyi± (2004 Paris Convention)2 may differ from the liability established under the i°Directive 2004/35/EC of","PeriodicalId":299751,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Law Bulletin","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133616639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
International Court of Justice on Potential Transboundary Damage and its Consequences in Nuclear Law 国际法院关于核法中潜在的跨界损害及其后果
Nuclear Law Bulletin Pub Date : 2011-01-14 DOI: 10.1787/NUCLEAR_LAW-2010-5KG0M1L2T66K
Marie Cletienne
{"title":"International Court of Justice on Potential Transboundary Damage and its Consequences in Nuclear Law","authors":"Marie Cletienne","doi":"10.1787/NUCLEAR_LAW-2010-5KG0M1L2T66K","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1787/NUCLEAR_LAW-2010-5KG0M1L2T66K","url":null,"abstract":"On 4 May 2006, Argentina filed in the International Court of Justice (hereinafter “ICJ”) an application instituting proceedings against Uruguay. Argentina claimed that Uruguay, by authorising the construction of a pulp mill (the “CMB mill”) and the construction and commissioning of another pulp mill (the “Orion mill”), breached its obligations under the 1975 Statute of the River Uruguay, a treaty between Argentina and Uruguay, notably the obligation to take all necessary measures for the optimum and rational utilisation of the River Uruguay.","PeriodicalId":299751,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Law Bulletin","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114702889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
The Brussels I Regulation and Liability for Nuclear Damage 布鲁塞尔一号规则和核损害责任
Nuclear Law Bulletin Pub Date : 2011-01-14 DOI: 10.1787/NUCLEAR_LAW-2010-5KG0M1L30FKH
J. Handrlica
{"title":"The Brussels I Regulation and Liability for Nuclear Damage","authors":"J. Handrlica","doi":"10.1787/NUCLEAR_LAW-2010-5KG0M1L30FKH","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1787/NUCLEAR_LAW-2010-5KG0M1L30FKH","url":null,"abstract":"Prior to 2004, the map of the European Union seemed to be basically identical to the map of the contracting parties to the Paris Convention on Third Party Liability in the Field of Nuclear Energy of 1960 (thereinafter “the Paris Convention”).1 The 2004 and 2007 enlargements were mainly composed of the contracting parties to the Vienna Convention on Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage of 1963 (thereinafter “the Vienna Convention”).2 In various discussions, the term “nuclear liability patchwork” is used to describe this existing situation.3 One of the problems arising from this “patchwork” is that, while a uniform legal framework was established for matters of jurisdiction and the enforcement of decisions under the authority given to the European Union (“EU”) by the Council Regulation on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgements in civil and commercial matters (hereinafter “Brussels Regulation”),4 this overall framework does not apply to particular matters governed by the special conventions to which member states may be contracting parties, see Article 71 of the Brussels Regulation.","PeriodicalId":299751,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Law Bulletin","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128209875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
The Momentum of the European Directive on Nuclear Safety: From the Complexity of Nuclear Safety to Key Messages Addressed to European Citizens 欧洲核安全指令的势头:从核安全的复杂性到向欧洲公民提出的关键信息
Nuclear Law Bulletin Pub Date : 2010-07-05 DOI: 10.1787/NUCLEAR_LAW-2010-5KMBV3GBR38P
Y. Pouleur, Petr Krs
{"title":"The Momentum of the European Directive on Nuclear Safety: From the Complexity of Nuclear Safety to Key Messages Addressed to European Citizens","authors":"Y. Pouleur, Petr Krs","doi":"10.1787/NUCLEAR_LAW-2010-5KMBV3GBR38P","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1787/NUCLEAR_LAW-2010-5KMBV3GBR38P","url":null,"abstract":"In line with citizens’ expectations, a fundamental step was made in 2009 when the EU adopted a binding legal framework for nuclear safety, thereby bringing legal certainty and providing appropriate guarantees to the public. The EU is the first major regional nuclear actor in the world to have such legally binding safety rules, constituting a model for other countries.","PeriodicalId":299751,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Law Bulletin","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116101882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
The Temelín-Judgement of the European Court of Justice 欧洲法院的Temelín-Judgement
Nuclear Law Bulletin Pub Date : 2010-07-05 DOI: 10.1787/NUCLEAR_LAW-2010-5KMBV3D1FJMS
Wolf-Georg Schärf
{"title":"The Temelín-Judgement of the European Court of Justice","authors":"Wolf-Georg Schärf","doi":"10.1787/NUCLEAR_LAW-2010-5KMBV3D1FJMS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1787/NUCLEAR_LAW-2010-5KMBV3D1FJMS","url":null,"abstract":"On 27 October 2009, the European Court of Justice (ECJ) rendered its milestone decision in the so called EEZ case which deals with the operation of the Temelin nuclear power plant in the Czech Republic. The nuclear power plant in Temelin has strongly strained the relationship between Austria and the Czech Republic throughout its history, involving not only local communities but also high level politicians, members of parliament and European Union institutions. For the outside world it is difficult to understand that antinuclear politics is part of the Austrian identity. Against the background of this tense relationship, the case was brought before the ECJ, whose judgement shall be analysed in this paper.","PeriodicalId":299751,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Law Bulletin","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116037097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Nuclear Renaissance in Italy 意大利的核能复兴
Nuclear Law Bulletin Pub Date : 2010-07-05 DOI: 10.1787/NUCLEAR_LAW-2010-5KMBV3FSD9ZR
F. Iaccarino
{"title":"Nuclear Renaissance in Italy","authors":"F. Iaccarino","doi":"10.1787/NUCLEAR_LAW-2010-5KMBV3FSD9ZR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1787/NUCLEAR_LAW-2010-5KMBV3FSD9ZR","url":null,"abstract":"Following the adoption of Law No. 99 of 23 July 2009, Italy is on the threshold of returning to nuclear power, even though there are many more challenges yet to overcome. It should be recalled that Law No. 99/2009 includes enabling provisions empowering the Government to issue one or more implementing decrees providing rules for the siting of new nuclear power plants, the licensing process for the construction, operation and dismantling of those plants, as well as rules for interim storage and the final disposal of nuclear waste. On 15 February 2010, upon the proposal of the Ministry of Economic Development, the Italian Council of Ministers issued Legislative Decree No. 31/20102 (hereinafter \"decree\") implementing the enabling provisions.","PeriodicalId":299751,"journal":{"name":"Nuclear Law Bulletin","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127062199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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