Journal of Associated Medical Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Emerging updates on tracking new landscapes in nanotechnology for the diagnosis and ovarian cancer therapy","authors":"Seethammagari Mamatha Ramani, Penchalaneni Josthna, K. R. Padma","doi":"10.12982/jams.2024.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/jams.2024.014","url":null,"abstract":"The sixth most common recurrent malignancy worldwide is ovarian cancer in women, and it causes more women to die compared to any other issue impacting the female reproductive system. Ovarian cancer has several histological subgroups differing in clinical traits, risk factors, cell sources, molecular makeups, and treatment possibilities. There is no effective screening procedure, and it is typically discovered at a late stage. Newly found cancer is currently treated with platinum-based chemotherapy and cytoreductive surgery. Due to its recurrence and late diagnosis, ovarian cancer has the highest fatality rates in contrast to all gynecological cancers. The discipline of medical nanotechnology has made great strides in recent years in resolving issues and enhancing the detection and treatment of various illnesses, including cancer. However, most studies and recent reviews on nanotechnology are devoted to how it might be utilized to treat other tumors or disorders. This review’s main objective was the precise diagnosis and treatment of ovarian cancer using nanoscale drug delivery systems. Various nanocarrier systems, such as dendrimers, nanoparticles, liposomes, nanocapsules, and nano micelles, have been discussed. Additionally, we explore how the potency of the combination of immunotherapy and nanotechnology may help to overcome the current therapeutic constraints connected with each application and reveal a novel paradigm in cancer therapy. The unique nanotherapeutic approaches that have demonstrated promising outcomes in preclinical in vivo research are highlighted, along with new nanoformulations actively advancing into clinical trials. Additionally, the possible use of nanomaterials in diagnostic imaging methods and the capacity to use nanotechnology for early ovarian cancer detection are also highlighted.","PeriodicalId":298884,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Associated Medical Sciences","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139123382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a communication book for children with cerebral palsy and communication disorders using the partner assisted scanning method: A pilot study","authors":"Worakanok Pappring, Supaporn Chinchai","doi":"10.12982/jams.2024.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/jams.2024.003","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cerebral Palsy (CP) is a physical disability impacting movement, posture, and communication. For children with CP and severe communication challenges, methods like Partner Assisted Scanning (PAS) are invaluable. Despite its effectiveness, research on PAS in the context of Thailand is scarce. Objectives: This study aimed to develop and validate a communication book and related materials for children with CP, utilizing the PAS method. Additionally, the study aimed to analyze communication partners’ satisfaction levels with the communication book. Materials and methods: The study involved two phases. First, four instruments were developed and assessed for content validity: The communication Abilities Assessment, the Communication Partners’ Satisfaction Survey, the Communication Book Manual, and the Communication Book. In the second phase, these instruments were tested with three families, evaluating partner satisfaction and addressing encountered issues. Results: The study demonstrated high content validity of the communication book (overall validity index=0.97) as assessed by specialists. Feedback highlighted concerns about the book’s format and the time needed for children to grasp its usage. However, communication partners expressed overall high satisfaction (mean=4.67, SD=0.49). Conclusion: This pilot study establishes the robust content validity of the communication book developed using the PAS method. Moreover, it underscores high satisfaction levels among communication partners, affirming the potential of the communication book to enhance communication skills in children with CP.","PeriodicalId":298884,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Associated Medical Sciences","volume":"50 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139123410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 transmission due to interplay between PM2.5 and weather conditions","authors":"Gulshan Sharma, Era Upadhyay, Akshay Kulkarni, Archna Sagalgile","doi":"10.12982/jams.2024.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/jams.2024.012","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The association of air pollution with the COVID-19 pandemic majorly caused respiratory diseases among the major outcomes of COVID-19 infection. In addition, meteorological factors play an important role in spreading COVID-19 infection in humans who have been exposed to air pollutants. Objectives: This study aims to estimate and comprehend the linkages between the contribution of PM 2.5 concentrations and meteorological parameters to the spreading coronavirus infection in Gurugram, a badly affected city in India due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and methods: We employed some statistical analysis on daily average data of PM 2.5 concentrations and meteorological conditions with daily COVID-19 cases from March 2020 to February 2022. To optimize PM2.5 concentrations linked with COVID-19 instances, a time series analysis was performed. The Pearson correlation test investigated the relationships between PM2.5levels, meteorological data, and COVID-19 instances. The PCA was applied to reveal the most significant factor attributable to affecting the rate of COVID-19 transmission in Gurugram. Results: The highest cases of COVID-19 (250,000) were observed in February 2022 when PM 2.5 concentration was 286.6µg/m3, 12.64 oC temperature, 73.81% RH, and 68.265 km/h wind speed while minimum cases (3125) were found in March 2020 with the 18.18µg/m3 PM2.5 concentration, 10.62.oC temperature, 50.05% RH, and 83.295km/h wind speed. Conclusion: The principal component analysis helped conclude the results, which revealed that the daily COVID-19 cases were significantly positively correlated with PM 2.5 concentrations, RH, and temperature. However, daily COVID-19 cases were negatively or poorly correlated with wind speed. COVID-19 pandemic is prominently affected by PM 2.5, while RH and temperature were found to be important meteorological factors significantly affecting its human-to-human transmission. This study may provide useful indications to regulatory bodies to modify environmental health policies.","PeriodicalId":298884,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Associated Medical Sciences","volume":"50 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139123412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of promoting eating foods containing bitter vegetables on nutritional status in the elderly","authors":"Wittawas Sajjapong, Kamonwan Jongsomchai, Uratcha Sadjapong, Pornchai Sooksaen","doi":"10.12982/jams.2024.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/jams.2024.015","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Non-communicable diseases pose a considerable risk for the elderly population. This study aimed to investigate the impact of incorporating bitter vegetables into the diets of elderly individuals on their nutritional status. The study involved regular consumption of northern foods, such as Malidmai (Peka), salae, neem (neem), bitter gourd, and cassia, at least once a day for three months. Materials and methods: A randomized clinical trial recruited eighty individuals aged 60 years and above. One group was allowed to eat ad libitum, while the other group followed a recommended menu that emphasized bitter flavors. The study assessed dietary intake, body composition, and blood biochemical parameters. Results: The findings revealed a significant reduction in energy, saturated fat, and cholesterol intake, with the bitter group experiencing a statistically significant decrease in sugar consumption. The bitter group also demonstrated a considerable reduction in anthropometric and metabolic parameters when compared to the control group and baseline measures. These results indicate the potential benefits of bitter substances in managing or preventing obesity and type 2 diabetes in the elderly. Conclusion: Encouraging the elderly to consume at least one bitter meal per day for 12 weeks resulted in a reduction in weight gain, adipose tissue, sugar levels, and LDL-C. The study highlights the importance of incorporating bitter vegetables into the diets of elderly individuals for better nutritional status and health outcomes.","PeriodicalId":298884,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Associated Medical Sciences","volume":"53 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139123463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reliability of running parameters using fitness watches synced with accelerometers during outdoor runs","authors":"Jitapa Chawawisuttikool, Chatchai Phirawatthakul, Warintun Thomchaita, Chatchai Tieachanpan, O. Prasartwuth","doi":"10.12982/jams.2024.019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/jams.2024.019","url":null,"abstract":"Background: To prevent running related injuries and return to sport activities, monitoring the running dynamic parameters (cadence, stride length, ground contact time and vertical oscillation) especially outdoor running is crucial. Previous studies investigated the reliability of these parameters in laboratory settings. However, the nature of outdoor runs is different (curve, uphill, other runners, etc.) and challenging in terms of equipment (simple) and environments (grass, asphalt, rubber, etc.). Therefore, the reliability of these parameters using a fitness watch synced with accelerometer needed to be investigated. Objective: To investigate the reliability of running parameters measured using fitness watches and accelerometers during outdoor runs. Materials and methods: 30 healthy volunteers (age 25.8±9.6 years, height 167.2±9.3 cm, weight 62.4±14.2 kg, and body mass index 22.2±3.8 kg/m2) participated in the study. They wore a fitness watch and attached a synced accelerometer at their pants. They completed 2 running laps (800 meters each) at their comfortable speeds. Resting periods were provided between laps. To control the speed for the second lap, the watch was set the maximum and minimum speed and set vibration and sound alarm mode. Running parameters include cadence, stride length, vertical oscillation, and ground contact time. Results: The reliability of the four running parameters (cadence, stride length, ground contact time, and vertical oscillation), indicated by the intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC (3,k)) was 0.94, 0.97, 0.98 and 0.99, respectively. Very high reliability values were confirmed. Conclusion: Using a fitness watch synced with an accelerometer during outdoor runs, running dynamic parameters (cadence, stride length, ground contact time, and vertical oscillation) illustrated very high levels of reliability.","PeriodicalId":298884,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Associated Medical Sciences","volume":"51 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139119778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of workplace intervention programs to manage work-related musculoskeletal pain among poultry slaughterhouse workers: A randomized controlled trial","authors":"Benjamaporn Hancharoenkul, Peanchai Khamwong, Ubon Pirunsan, Leonard Joseph","doi":"10.12982/jams.2024.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/jams.2024.002","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The prevalence rate of work-related musculoskeletal pain (WMSP) among poultry slaughterhouse workers (PSW) has been reported in the shoulder, arm, and hand due to the involvement of repetitive and forceful upper limb movements. An intervention program is needed to reduce upper limb pain and improve upper limb functions among PSW. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of workplace intervention programs on musculoskeletal pain, upper limb functions, and work ability among PSW. Materials and methods: A total of 48 participants (21 males and 27 females) who met the inclusion criteria were recruited into the study. The participants were allocated into two groups: The workplace intervention group (WIG, N=24; 10 males; 14 females) and the control group (CG, N=24; 11 males; 13 females). The WIG performed the exercise training with elastic resistance bands (ERB) and stretching exercises for eight weeks, and the CG did not perform any activity. The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), shoulder reach flexibility test, active range of motion (AROM), the disability of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (KKU-DASH), and Thai Work Ability Index (Thai WAI) were used as outcome evaluations. The two-way analyses of variance (ANOVAs) with repeated measures (group x time) were used for statistical analyses, and the statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Results: Approximately 79.1% (N=19) of the participants in WIG reported significantly decreased pain intensity of upper limb 3.06 (0.83 to -5.4) in the right side (p<0.01) and 1.96 (1.6 to -5.6) in the left side (p<0.001) after the 8-week intervention. Meanwhile, shoulder flexibility in WIG significantly increased (p<0.001) to around 3.55 cm. (0.67 to 8.20) on the right side and 5.61 cm. (2.0 to 10.67) on the left side. For AROM in WIG, neck flexion, lateral neck flexion, neck rotation, and left shoulder flexion significantly increased (p<0.05), as well as KKU-DASH and Thai WAI scores (p<0.001). There was no significant difference within-group in all variables in CG. Conclusion: The workplace intervention program significantly reduced upper limb pain and increased neck movement and shoulder flexion among PSW. The training programs also improved work ability and reduced disability with upper extremity musculoskeletal conditions among PSW.","PeriodicalId":298884,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Associated Medical Sciences","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139119854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of the voice therapy protocol (VTP) for adult patients with unilateral vocal fold mobility impairment; a feasibility study","authors":"Jureemas Wilaklang, Kalyanee Makarabhirom, S. Thayansin, Phurich Praneetvatakul","doi":"10.12982/jams.2024.017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/jams.2024.017","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Unilateral vocal fold mobility impairment (UVFMI) causes dysphonia and/or dysphagia, which can significantly affect a patient’s ability to communicate and perform regular daily life activities as well as the quality of life. Voice therapy offers a less invasive and more preferential method for patients. However, there are limitations concerning the integration of multiple therapy approaches. Voice therapy exercises with clear methodologies are required to plan and conduct therapy systematically, and frequency would be required for each exercise. Therefore, this study was conducted by applying the protocols of voice therapy in adult patients with unilateral vocal fold mobility impairment. Objective: This feasibility study is a prospective cohort, pre-post single arm, designed to determine whether the voice therapy protocol (VTP) can enhance voice quality in adult patients with unilateral vocal fold mobility impairment (UVFMI) in a pilot study. Materials and methods: All subjects received 12 sessions of voice therapy protocol, with each session conducted weekly for 45 minutes. The voice therapy protocol applied in this study consisted of vocal hygiene education, abdominal breathing exercises, vocal function exercises, pushing exercises, muscle relaxation exercises, and applied resonance voice therapy. The outcomes of protocols for voice therapy were measured before and after treatment using subjective voice assessments (GIRBAS scale) and objective voice assessments (Dr. Speech program and electroglottography-EGG). Results: Cases 2, 7, 10, 11, and 13 improved after receiving VTP. As for other participants, there are still some voice parameters that need to be monitored. Overall, it was found that the participants’ voice parameters were changing within the acceptable range, with MPT, jitter, shimmer, and HNR values significantly different (p<0.05). Conclusion: The findings of this study indicated that the voice therapy protocol was a worthwhile alternative and could be used to develop further treatment guidelines for adult patients with UVFMI at a speech clinic.","PeriodicalId":298884,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Associated Medical Sciences","volume":"53 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139123639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of promoting eating foods containing bitter vegetables on nutritional status in the elderly","authors":"Wittawas Sajjapong, Kamonwan Jongsomchai, Uratcha Sadjapong, Pornchai Sooksaen","doi":"10.12982/jams.2024.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/jams.2024.015","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Non-communicable diseases pose a considerable risk for the elderly population. This study aimed to investigate the impact of incorporating bitter vegetables into the diets of elderly individuals on their nutritional status. The study involved regular consumption of northern foods, such as Malidmai (Peka), salae, neem (neem), bitter gourd, and cassia, at least once a day for three months. Materials and methods: A randomized clinical trial recruited eighty individuals aged 60 years and above. One group was allowed to eat ad libitum, while the other group followed a recommended menu that emphasized bitter flavors. The study assessed dietary intake, body composition, and blood biochemical parameters. Results: The findings revealed a significant reduction in energy, saturated fat, and cholesterol intake, with the bitter group experiencing a statistically significant decrease in sugar consumption. The bitter group also demonstrated a considerable reduction in anthropometric and metabolic parameters when compared to the control group and baseline measures. These results indicate the potential benefits of bitter substances in managing or preventing obesity and type 2 diabetes in the elderly. Conclusion: Encouraging the elderly to consume at least one bitter meal per day for 12 weeks resulted in a reduction in weight gain, adipose tissue, sugar levels, and LDL-C. The study highlights the importance of incorporating bitter vegetables into the diets of elderly individuals for better nutritional status and health outcomes.","PeriodicalId":298884,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Associated Medical Sciences","volume":"53 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139123640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emerging updates on tracking new landscapes in nanotechnology for the diagnosis and ovarian cancer therapy","authors":"Seethammagari Mamatha Ramani, Penchalaneni Josthna, K. R. Padma","doi":"10.12982/jams.2024.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/jams.2024.014","url":null,"abstract":"The sixth most common recurrent malignancy worldwide is ovarian cancer in women, and it causes more women to die compared to any other issue impacting the female reproductive system. Ovarian cancer has several histological subgroups differing in clinical traits, risk factors, cell sources, molecular makeups, and treatment possibilities. There is no effective screening procedure, and it is typically discovered at a late stage. Newly found cancer is currently treated with platinum-based chemotherapy and cytoreductive surgery. Due to its recurrence and late diagnosis, ovarian cancer has the highest fatality rates in contrast to all gynecological cancers. The discipline of medical nanotechnology has made great strides in recent years in resolving issues and enhancing the detection and treatment of various illnesses, including cancer. However, most studies and recent reviews on nanotechnology are devoted to how it might be utilized to treat other tumors or disorders. This review’s main objective was the precise diagnosis and treatment of ovarian cancer using nanoscale drug delivery systems. Various nanocarrier systems, such as dendrimers, nanoparticles, liposomes, nanocapsules, and nano micelles, have been discussed. Additionally, we explore how the potency of the combination of immunotherapy and nanotechnology may help to overcome the current therapeutic constraints connected with each application and reveal a novel paradigm in cancer therapy. The unique nanotherapeutic approaches that have demonstrated promising outcomes in preclinical in vivo research are highlighted, along with new nanoformulations actively advancing into clinical trials. Additionally, the possible use of nanomaterials in diagnostic imaging methods and the capacity to use nanotechnology for early ovarian cancer detection are also highlighted.","PeriodicalId":298884,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Associated Medical Sciences","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139123732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toxicity effects of Cannabidiol (CBD) on immune cells","authors":"Kanyaruck Jindaphun, Nuchjira Takheaw, Witida Laopajon, S. Pata, W. Kasinrerk","doi":"10.12982/jams.2024.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12982/jams.2024.010","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cannabis extract has a long history of being used in the treatment and prevention of several medical conditions. The utilization of cannabis extracts, whether for medical or localized purposes, is widely observed. In cannabis extract, cannabidiol (CBD) is one of the most important non-psychoactive compounds. Several studies have demonstrated that CBD has several benefits in the treatment of various medical conditions. Nevertheless, CBD has also been demonstrated to suppress both innate and adaptive immune responses. Despite CBD has claimed to have many benefits, the toxicity of CBD is often pointed out and discussed. Nonetheless, the data on the toxicity effects of CBD on immune cells are limited. Objectives: In this study, we aimed to investigate the toxicity effects of various concentrations of CBD on immune cells, including CD4 T cells, CD8 T cells, B cells, NK cells, and monocytes. Materials and methods: Various concentrations of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were treated with various concentrations of CBD or relative concentrations of methanol as a diluent control for 12, 24, and 48 hrs. Cell morphology was observed using flow cytometry. The percentage of cell death in the treated cells was determined by cell viability assay. In addition, the toxic effects of CBD on PBMC sub-populations were determined by staining with fluorochromeconjugated zombie viability dye and fluorochrome-conjugated monoclonal antibodies specific to each cell sub-population. Then, the percentage of cell death in each sub-population was assessed using flow cytometry. Results: CBD at concentrations of 40 and 80 µM showed toxicity effects on PBMCs. At these concentrations, CBD induced both cell morphological changes and cell death. While 20 µM CBD induced different effects, ranging from none to mild and high toxicity. The toxicity of CBD at 20 µM concentration depends on the individual. In contrast, CBD at ten µM and below showed no toxicity to PBMCs. The observed toxic effects of CBD occurred in all sub-populations of PBMCs, including CD4 T cells, CD8 T cells, B cells, NK cells, and monocytes. Conclusion: CBD has toxicity effects on immune cells. These effects depend on CBD concentrations, PBMC concentrations, and the duration of CBD exposure. Our findings emphasize the importance of awareness for CBD users when consuming CBD.","PeriodicalId":298884,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Associated Medical Sciences","volume":"50 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139123764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}