West African Journal of Radiology最新文献

{"title":"A comparative ultrasonographic evaluation of intrarenal artery resistive index among hypertensive and normotensive adults in north-western Nigeria","authors":"A. Madubueze","doi":"10.4103/wajr.wajr_34_17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/wajr.wajr_34_17","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Hypertension is a sustained systolic blood pressure equal to or above 140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure equal to or above 90 mmHg. The kidneys play a central role in the control of high blood pressure through the renin–angiotensin system. Thus, renovascular changes of myointimal hyperplasia in the intrarenal arteries may cause an increase in renal arterial impedance and eventually irreversible hypertensive nephropathy. The early detection of these renovascular changes using ultrasonography can provide opportunity for immediate intervention toward preventing or at least delaying the irreversible hypertensive nephropathy. Aims and Objectives: The objective of this study is to determine and compare intra-renal resistive index (RRI) in normotensive and hypertensive adults within the age range of 35–70 years at Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A prospective case–control study of intra-RRI using ultrasound in 150 hypertensive patients and 150 normotensive controls. The mean RRI of the interlobar arteries of both kidneys was measured and recorded. The data were analyzed with the aid of computer-based SPSS 16.0 software for windows. Results: The ages of the study participants ranged between 35 and 70 years. The age difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.88). The mean interlobar artery resistive index (RI) values were 0.59 ± 0.04 and 0.59 ± 0.03 on the right and left sides, respectively, in normotensive controls while those of hypertensive patients were 0.73 ± 0.03 and 0.73 ± 0.03 for the mean interlobar artery RI values on the right and left sides, respectively, and both were statistically significant. Conclusion: The intra-RRIs were lower in normotensive participants when compared with the hypertensive patients which were statistically significant. These showed that hypertension has significant effects on the kidneys, and with early detection and intervention, irreversible renal damage may be prevented.","PeriodicalId":29875,"journal":{"name":"West African Journal of Radiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45184784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diverticulosis among patients referred for barium enema studies at Dr George Mukhari Academic Hospital, Ga-Rankuwa, Pretoria, South Africa","authors":"J. Ozoh, G. Ogunbanjo","doi":"10.4103/WAJR.WAJR_39_17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/WAJR.WAJR_39_17","url":null,"abstract":"Background: A possible increasing trend in the incidence of diverticulosis was observed in adult patients referred to the Diagnostic Radiology department of Dr George Mukhari Academic Hospital (DGMAH), Ga-Rankuwa, Pretoria, for barium enema studies. The study will be the first to document the magnitude of this condition at our hospital since its inception. Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the current prevalence of diverticulosis at DGMAH Ga-Rankuwa whose patients are predominantly South Africans of African descent. Materials and Methods: We reviewed the medical records of all adult patients referred to DGMAH for barium enema investigations for 1 year. Barium enema studies of 166 patients who met the inclusion criteria were systematically evaluated radiologically for the presence of diverticulosis. Data from the records were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS, version 22.0) software program. Results: The patients' ages ranged between 18 and 95 years, with a mean age of 60.1 years. From the records analyzed, 77.7% were radiologically negative, whereas 22.3% were positive for diverticulosis. There was a female preponderance (23 cases [62.2%] among females versus 14 cases [37.8%] among males; P < 0.0001) and the diverticulosis had a diffused pattern. The increasing trend of diverticulosis observed at DGMAH did not reflect any statistically significant difference when compared with previous studies done in sub-Saharan Africa. Conclusion: This study demonstrates a possible trend of diverticulosis previously unrecorded in barium enema studies at DGMAH, probably attributable to the effects of urbanization and higher consumption of refined carbohydrate with low fiber residue.","PeriodicalId":29875,"journal":{"name":"West African Journal of Radiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41308975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Location of femoral/tibial tunnels in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and their impact on graft integrity: Magnetic resonance imaging review","authors":"SushmitaKeerthi Chilkuri, A. Mathews","doi":"10.4103/WAJR.WAJR_37_17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/WAJR.WAJR_37_17","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Despite advances in surgical techniques for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) repair, a significant proportion of patients encounter persisting pain/instability of the knee postoperatively. Objectives: To assess the location of femoral/tibial tunnels on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and to correlate the findings with the ACL graft integrity/graft-related complications. Study Design/Settings: This was a cross-sectional study done at Burjeel Medical Centre, Muscat, Oman. Materials and Methods: The study period was between November 2015 and June 2017 on Philips Ingenia 1.5 Tesla MRI machine. A total of 30 male patients, age ranged from 20 to 43 years who presented with knee pain/instability 1 year postreconstruction of ACL, were recruited for the study. Results: Of 30 cases, 10 (33.33%) patients had an intact graft on MRI. Of the remaining 20 patients, graft impingement was noted in 15 patients (50%), graft tear in 3 cases (10%), and graft stretching with abnormal high T2 signal in the remaining 2 cases (6.67%). Associated findings of focal arthrofibrosis in the anterior knee joint space and tibial tunnel cysts were encountered in few patients who were not dealt with in this study. Out of 20 patients with graft abnormality, femoral tunnel was abnormally located in 3 (15%), tibial tunnel was located anterior to the MRI equivalent of Blumensaat's extension line partly or completely in 16(80%) and both tunnels were normally located in 1(5%). Conclusion: The location of the femoral/tibial tunnels is the most important determinant factor of postoperative graft integrity in ACL reconstruction patients.","PeriodicalId":29875,"journal":{"name":"West African Journal of Radiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44105729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiobiological estimation of radiation-induced heart complication of postmastectomy radiation therapy patients using the relative seriality model","authors":"F. Adeyemi, E. Okungbowa","doi":"10.4103/WAJR.WAJR_59_17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/WAJR.WAJR_59_17","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: In Nigeria today, most radiotherapy (RT) centers do manual planning using anatomical landmarks rather than precise planning using imaging modalities such as Computerized Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging. This puts the collateral organs at a greater risk of damage. The objective of this study is to carry out a comparison of the risk of cardiac complication in the right and left breasts of postmastectomy radiation therapy patients using radiobiological evaluation tools. Methods: Ninety-six patients treated in the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, RT Center, Nigeria, between January 2012 and March 2014 were recruited for this study. The relative seriality model was used to compute the risk of cardiac mortality to the breast of these patients. Results: The results showed that the equivalent uniform dose (EUD) to the heart for patients with left breast cancer is significantly (P < 0.05) higher than the EUD to the heart of patients with right breast and also the risk of cardiac mortality is significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the left breast than the right breast; due to proximity to the heart to the left side. Conclusion: This implies that the long-term risk of having cardiac disease should be of particular concern for women treated for left-sided breast cancer. As a result of this, care should be taken in planning patients using computerized treatment planning system that embraces imaging simulation rather than the conventional anatomical landmark; this will go a long way to prevent cardiac-induced mortality especially in cancer of the left breast.","PeriodicalId":29875,"journal":{"name":"West African Journal of Radiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49085683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of ultrasound-diagnosed asymptomatic simple renal cysts at the University College Hospital, Ibadan","authors":"J. Akinmoladun, A. Takure, O. Ogunleye","doi":"10.4103/WAJR.WAJR_58_17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/WAJR.WAJR_58_17","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Renal cysts are thin-walled sacs of fluid that form within the renal parenchyma which may be simple or complex. Most simple renal cysts are asymptomatic and are found usually incidentally by ultrasonography and computed tomography. However, a small proportion may become symptomatic with pain being the most common symptom. The aim of the study is to determine the prevalence of asymptomatic simple renal cysts in patients presenting for abdominal ultrasound (US) and the associations of simple renal cysts with age and gender. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study which involved the retrieval of the results of abdominal US performed at the Radiology Department of the University College Hospital between January 2013 and December 2015. Data extracted included age, sex, and renal sonographic findings. The retrieved data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 software. Results: Two thousand and ninety-five patients had abdominal US done during the study period. The overall prevalence of asymptomatic simple renal cysts was 2.3% with the prevalence increasing with age (P < 0.001). Simple renal cysts were found in 2.3% of both males and females with a male-to-female ratio of 1:1.3. The mean widest diameter of renal cysts was 45 mm with a range between 15 mm and 105 mm. The cyst diameter tended to increase with age, but the correlation with age was not statistically significant (P = 0.278). The majority of the cysts were solitary (87.8%) with the right kidney having majority (59.2%) of the cysts. Conclusion: The overall prevalence of simple renal cyst in our study is 2.3% and it increased with age. Since simple renal cysts have been associated with some conditions and complications such as hypertension, polycythemia, hemorrhagic transformation, and cyst rupture, adequate follow-up is necessary to enable the prompt detection of complications and adequate intervention if the need arises.","PeriodicalId":29875,"journal":{"name":"West African Journal of Radiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44474459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutcracker syndrome presenting as recurrent hematuria","authors":"BlessingOse-Emenim Igbinedion, F. Ehigiamusoe, Stanley Ngoka","doi":"10.4103/WAJR.WAJR_45_17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/WAJR.WAJR_45_17","url":null,"abstract":"Nutcracker syndrome (NCS) occurs from compression of the left renal vein between the abdominal aorta and the superior mesenteric artery. It is rare and commonly presents with hematuria, flank pain, and dysuria. A 27-year-old male with sickle cell trait presented with a 9-month history of total hematuria complicated with anemia necessitating blood transfusion. He had no overt signs of urogenital infestation, renal impairment, or trauma. Genotype was AS. Intravenous urography was normal. On cystoscopy, the bleeding was seen to be coming through the left ureteral orifice. Renal angiography showed left renal venous stasis and contrast extravasation into the upper calyces. An impression of NCS was made. Other imaging modalities (computed tomography and ultrasound) supported NCS. NCS should be suspected in cases of recurrent hematuria.","PeriodicalId":29875,"journal":{"name":"West African Journal of Radiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44151914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utility of contrast-enhanced fluid-attenuated inversion recovery in magnetic resonance imaging of intracranial lesions","authors":"R. Bhargava, Abhijit Patil, Vidhi Bakshi, T. Kalekar, Siddappa Gandage","doi":"10.4103/WAJR.WAJR_4_17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/WAJR.WAJR_4_17","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The aim of this study is to determine utility of contrast-enhanced fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) imaging by comparing results with contrast-enhanced T1-weighted imaging (T1WI) in various intracranial lesions. Materials and Methods: Forty-nine patients with a known intracranial lesion or with clinical suspicion underwent the gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) imaging using 1.5T. Postcontrast axial, coronal, and sagittal T1 fat-saturated, axial FLAIR images were acquired after administration of gadobenate dimeglumine. The MR imaging parameters for the postcontrast T2-FLAIR images were 6000–9000/90–110/1845–2030 ms/150 (repetition time/echo time/inversion time/flip angle), and the acquisition time was 2 min 12 s. All images were acquired with a section thickness of 5 mm, an intersection gap of 2 mm, and a field of view of 256 mm × 144 mm. The images were transferred to a workstation and reviewed. Results: We found that postcontrast FLAIR images are useful by showing better meningeal involvement in various pathologies and enhancement of the solid component in intra-axial lesions. However, it was not much helpful in extra-axial lesions and lesions with mild postcontrast enhancement and lesions with perilesional edema. Conclusion: Postcontrast FLAIR is a useful adjunct to postcontrast T1W images in equivocal cases and for additional information.","PeriodicalId":29875,"journal":{"name":"West African Journal of Radiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48847960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A case of renal artery embolization for Grade 5 renal injury, usually reserved for surgery","authors":"A. Hammond","doi":"10.4103/WAJR.WAJR_32_17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/WAJR.WAJR_32_17","url":null,"abstract":"Kidney trauma occurs in approximately 1%–5% of all traumas with the male preponderance. The consequences of blunt renal trauma range from a simple contusion or renal hematoma to complete shattering of the organ or avulsion of the vascular pedicle. Recently, there is more focus on conservative management as newer techniques evolve and its currently the preferred approach to most renal injuries; however, surgery is the main treatment modality for avulsion of the renal pelvis, injuries to the vascular pedicle, and life-threatening hemodynamic instability. Renal artery embolization is a minimally invasive procedure used in the management of many disease conditions and also to control hemorrhage. We report of a Grade 5 renal injury with hemodynamic instability managed with renal artery embolization which otherwise would have been managed with surgery. A 33-year-old presented with Grade 5 left renal injury and hemodynamic instability after a fall. Computed tomography of the abdomen after resuscitation showed shattered left kidney with disruption of the renal hilum and features suggestive of active bleeding. Due to the hypovolemic nature of the patient, embolization of the renal artery was requested. With anesthetic support and antibiotic cover, the right common femoral artery was punctured and a 5 French sheath inserted. Both left renal arteries were selectively catheterized and embolized to stasis with coils. An Angio-Seal device was deployed in the groin and no immediate complications seen. The patient was discharged few days after. This case report shows that Grade 5 renal artery can also be managed through a minimal invasive procedure to reduce the length of time at the hospital and also reduce the metabolic response of the patient.","PeriodicalId":29875,"journal":{"name":"West African Journal of Radiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45943548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnetic resonance imaging pattern of congenital brain anomalies in the neurosurgery department of a teaching hospital in Nigeria: An initial experience","authors":"Olubukola Titilayo Omidiji, O. Ojo, A. Adeyomoye, O. Atalabi, F. Okwuegbuna","doi":"10.4103/WAJR.WAJR_15_17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/WAJR.WAJR_15_17","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Congenital brain anomalies are of diverse types however few are seen in clinical practice. They are associated with high morbidity and mortality; prompt diagnosis and management aid in mitigating some of their adverse effects. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is ideal for imaging these conditions, especially in pediatric cases due to its lack of ionizing radiation and excellent soft-tissue delineation. Not much literature exists for Nigeria due to challenges with statistics and record keeping. Aim: The aim of this study is to document the common congenital brain anomalies encountered using MRI in our environment. Settings and Design: A 5-year retrospective study of all pediatric brain MRI conducted and reviewed in Lagos University Teaching Hospital. 73 pediatric brain MRI scans were reviewed. Materials and Methods: Morphologic evaluation of all pediatric brain MRI conducted in the last 5 years (March 2012–February 2016) was reviewed, retrospectively, by three independent radiologists. Clinical presentations were also documented. Statistical Analysis Used: Descriptive statistics was done using SPSS: PASW Statistics for Windows, Version 18.0 Results: Seventy-three pediatric brain MRI scans were conducted in the last 5 years with congenital brain anomalies seen in 19 (26.0%) of the cases. Their ages ranged from 3 months to 17 years with a mean age of 6.7 ± 6.1 years. There were 9 (47.4%) males and 10 (52.6%) females. The common anomalies are congenital hydrocephalus 7 (35%), of which aqueductal stenosis was 6 (32%), arteriovenous malformations 3 (16%), cerebral atrophy 3 (16%), and arachnoid cysts 2 (11%). Predominant clinical features were delayed developmental milestones, macrocephaly, seizures, headaches, and vomiting. Conclusion: The common congenital brain anomalies in our environment are congenital hydrocephalus, aqueductal stenosis, arteriovenous malformations, cerebral atrophy and arachnoid cysts. MRI is useful in evaluating these anomalies; early diagnosis and prompt intervention can be offered to mitigate adverse effects.","PeriodicalId":29875,"journal":{"name":"West African Journal of Radiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44183398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of multidetector computed tomography in differentiating benign and malignant common bile duct strictures","authors":"P. Agrawal, G. Bo, M. Bhattarai, Shankar P. Shah, M. Agrawal","doi":"10.4103/WAJR.WAJR_57_16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/WAJR.WAJR_57_16","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic features in differentiating malignant from benign common bile duct (CBD) strictures using contrast-enhanced multidetector computed tomography (MDCT). Patients and Methods: An ambispective study from January 1, 2008 to December 31, 2010, on fifty patients with liver function tests suggestive of obstructive jaundice and an ultrasound showing biliary obstruction were included. A nonenhanced computed tomography (CT) was done before the administration of the contrast medium and then scans were routinely obtained in four phases: early arterial , late arterial, portal venous, and delayed phases. The CT scans acquired were reviewed on a picture archiving and communication system workstation. CT findings were interpreted with regard to wall thickness, the location, length involved, enhancement pattern, presence of invasion, and margins of the stricture. These were compared with the attenuation of the normal CBD wall, the maximum CBD diameter proximal, and pancreatic duct dilatation. Results: The mean age ± standard deviation of patients was 62.84 ± 11.61 years (range: 38–82 years). Among the fifty patients included in the study, 31 (62%) had malignant CBD stricture. The involved segments of malignant CBD strictures were significantly longer with significantly larger maximum proximal CBD diameter, considerably thicker and irregular stricture wall and showing more enhancement during delayed phase. No significant differences were found between malignant and benign CBD strictures with respect to stricture location. Conclusions: Presence of irregular margins, invasion into neighboring tissues, long-segment involvement, more proximal CBD dilatation, and hyperenhancement in delayed and portal venous phases in contrast-enhanced MDCT helps in the differentiation of malignant from benign CBD strictures.","PeriodicalId":29875,"journal":{"name":"West African Journal of Radiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48905046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}