SRPN: Other Water Sustainability (Topic)最新文献

{"title":"Attempting to Break the 2 GJ/tonne CO2 Barrier; Development of an Advanced Water-Lean Capture Solvent From Molecules to Detailed Process Design","authors":"Yuan Jiang, P. Mathias, G. Whyatt, Charles J. Freeman, F. Zheng, V. Glezakou, R. Rousseau, Philip K. Koech, D. Malhotra, D. Heldebrant","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3379731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3379731","url":null,"abstract":"Solvent-based post-combustion CO2 capture is an energy-intensive process primarily driven by the energy required to regenerate the CO2 capture solvent. Researchers are currently focused on developing drop-in solvent replacements for commercial amine solvents with lower regeneration energies. One approach to reducing the regeneration energy of a solvent is to reduce its water content, thereby reducing unnecessary condensing and consequent boiling in the process. There are a number of water-lean solvent formulations currently under development that allow for water contents below 10% by weight, versus more than 60% for commercial aqueous amines. One solvent class, CO2-Binding Organic Liquids (CO2BOLs), shows promise to reduce the parasitic load to a coal-fired power plant but has been impeded by high viscosities at high CO2 loadings. In this paper, we perform a preliminary modeling study of a new low-viscosity CO2BOL solvent and assess the energetics of different process stripper configurations. By tailoring the process configuration with the unique aspects of the solvent reboiler duties below 2 GJ/tonne CO2 could be achievable. Further, this study suggests that there is no one-size-fits-all process optimum configuration for solvents, and therefore optimal configurations will be solvent specific.","PeriodicalId":298553,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Other Water Sustainability (Topic)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126743897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flood Insurance and Claims: The Impact of the Community Rating System","authors":"E. Frimpong, D. Petrolia, Ardian Harri, J. Cartwright","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3175910","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3175910","url":null,"abstract":"The Community Rating System (CRS) was introduced to encourage community-level flood mitigation and increase household-level flood insurance uptake through the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP). Using historical data of policies-in-force and flood damage claims from 1998-2014 for all NFIP communities in Alabama and Mississippi, we estimate the relationship between community participation in the CRS and the number of policies-in-force, as well on flood damage claims. We find a significant, positive, and generally increasing effect of CRS participation on insurance uptake. Reduced flood damage claims are found to be limited to communities with a very high level of CRS participation (Class 5) only.","PeriodicalId":298553,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Other Water Sustainability (Topic)","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116567214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using a Formal Concept Analysis to Examine Water Disclosure in Corporate Social Responsibility Reports","authors":"G. Kleinman, C. Kuei, Picheng Lee","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3024565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3024565","url":null,"abstract":"Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) water disclosures vary in content, leading to concern about the quality and extent of such disclosures. This paper employs formal concept analysis (FCA) to examine water reporting of selected companies in the US food and beverage industry that have followed the water guidelines set forth by the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) and in the disclosure guidelines of the CEO Water Mandate. Assessments of water consumption and water withdrawal were cited more often in our sample firms' CSR reports. The FCA results also identify the major focus of our sample firms as setting sustainable water management goals and water quality strategy. Other important issues included leadership, partnership, and employee involvement. While the FCA text mining tool is demonstrated using water-related behaviors here, it can be used to identify continuous improvement opportunities and examine many other issues of interest to corporate stakeholders in other industries and communities worldwide.","PeriodicalId":298553,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Other Water Sustainability (Topic)","volume":"128 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121914480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Water-Energy-Climate Nexus Under International Law: A Central Asian Perspective","authors":"Anatole Boute","doi":"10.36640/mjeal.5.2.water","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36640/mjeal.5.2.water","url":null,"abstract":"Water, energy, and climate change are intrinsically related to each other but are nonetheless subject to different international legal regimes. The fragmented nature of water, energy, and climate governance represents a challenge for the sustainable management of resources in the energy and water landscape of the 21st century. Regulatory choices in one field can potentially undermine the policy objectives pursued in the other fields. Promoting conventional and unconventional energy production for energy security purposes increases pressure on the availability of fresh water resources and contributes to climate change. Climate change exacerbates the scarcity of water resources, which leads to increasing tensions relating to water access and energy supply in certain regions of the world. Water- and energy-related tensions are particularly acute in Central Asia. Because of its large energy reserves and strategic location in the heart of Eurasia, the Central Asian region is of significant importance for world energy markets. In addition to fossil energy, Central Asia holds large water resources. However, energy and water resources are unevenly distributed in the region, which creates a need for close transboundary cooperation in order to ensure equitable and sustainable access to these vital resources. Despite the mutual benefits of cooperation in Central Asia, governments are reluctant to rely on their neighbors for their water and energy security. States’ refusal to cooperate generates high energy, social, economic, and environmental costs, and poses a serious threat to peace and stability in a region of particular geopolitical relevance. External legal mechanisms are needed to overcome the present political obstacles to transboundary cooperation in resources management. In an effort to overcome the fragmented nature of water, energy, and climate law, this Article examines how international law—in particular the principle of transboundary cooperation—can contribute to addressing the resource management challenges in Central Asia. Additionally, this analysis aims to contribute to the development of international law on transboundary resources management. Based on the Central Asian case study, this Article argues in favor of an integrated approach to water-energy-climate regulation in order to achieve water-energy-climate security in a mutually reinforcing way.","PeriodicalId":298553,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Other Water Sustainability (Topic)","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132162190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Konya’da Şehirleşmeye Bağlı Bağil Nem ve Su Buhari Basıncı Değişiklikleri (The Effects of Urbanization on Relative Humidity and Water Vapor Pressure in Konya)","authors":"İhsan Çi̇çek, Necla Türkoğlu","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3395856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3395856","url":null,"abstract":"<b>Turkish Abstract:</b> Bu çalışmada şehirleşmenin nemlilik üzerindeki etkisini ortaya koymak amacıyla Konya ve Karapınar Meteoroloji İstasyonlarının bağıl nem ve su buharı basıncı verileri ele alınmıştır. Nemliliğin gün içindeki değişimini saptamak için 07:00, 14:00, 21:00 ve günlük ortalamaya ait veriler değerlendirilmiştir. Şehirlerde yıl içinde bütün aylarda 07:00, 21:00 ve günlük ortalamaya ait verilerde negatif, öğle saatlerinde ise pozitif bağıl nem farkları saptanmıştır. Pozitif fark şehirlerde öğle saatlerinde yaşanan negatif şehir ısı adası ile ilgilidir. Su buharı basıncı farkları ise bağıl nem farkları kadar belirgin değildir. Öğle saatleri dışında yılın soğuk döneminde şehirler daha nemli iken sıcak dönemde ise daha kurudur. Öğle saatlerinde ise bütün aylarda şehirler daha nemlidir. Sıcak dönemde şehirlerin daha fazla nem içermesi bu dönemde park ve bahçelerde yapılan sulamadan kaynaklanmaktadır. Sıcaklık farkları ile bağıl nem farkları arasında tüm mevsimlerde ve yıllık ortalamalarda tüm gözlem saatlerinde anlamlı negatif korelasyonlar saptanmıştır. Yani artan şehir ısı adası şehirlerde bağıl nem miktarını düşürmektedir. Öğle saatleri dışında sıcaklık farkları ile su buharı basıncı farkları arasında tüm mevsimlerde ve yıllık ortalamalarda anlamlı pozitif korelasyon saptanmıştır.<br><br><b>English Abstract:</b> This study aims to show the effects of urbanization on humidity by considering water vapor pressure and relative humidity data obtained from Konya and Karapınar Meteorology Stations. Mean values and those obtained at 07.00, 14.00 and 21.00 hours were evaluated to determine differences in humidity throughout the day. It was seen that in urban areas throughout the year, mean values and data recorded at 07.00 and 21.00 hours yielded negative relative humidity differences whereas data recorded in the afternoon yielded positive ones. These positive differences were thought to be a result of the negative urban heat islands that form in urban centers in the afternoon. Differences in water vapor pressure were not as significant as relative humidity differences. While urban centers were more humid than suburban/rural areas in winter, they were drier in summer except in the noon hours. At noon throughout the year, cities were more humid. Elevated urban humidity in summer seemed to be a result of irrigation in parks and gardens. Significant negative correlations were found between temperature and relative humidity differences in all annual mean values and observations made throughout the year. Thus, it was concluded that the development of urban heat islands lead to decreased relative humidity in cities. On the other hand, a significant positive correlation was found between temperature and water vapor pressure differences in all seasonal and annual mean values, except in the afternoon observations.","PeriodicalId":298553,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Other Water Sustainability (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129907549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}