ACS Materials Au最新文献

{"title":"Elucidation of the Antiferroelectricity Mechanism in CsBi(MoO4)2","authors":"Andries van Hattem,&nbsp;Gilles Wallez,&nbsp;Nick T. H. ter Veer,&nbsp;Indu Dhiman,&nbsp;Kathy Dardenne,&nbsp;Jörg Rothe,&nbsp;Rudy J. M. Konings,&nbsp;Anna L. Smith","doi":"10.1021/acsmaterialsau.5c00246","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsmaterialsau.5c00246","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Although the antiferroelectric compound CsBi(MoO₄)₂ has been known for a long time, the underlyingmechanismremained poorly understood. No temperature-dependent crystallographicinvestigation was performed to solve this. In this work, a neutrondiffraction study at 150 K was used to solve the crystal structureof the antiferroelectric phase existing between 135 and 330 K. X-rayabsorption spectroscopy at room temperature and temperature-dependentdiffraction studies between 150 K and the melting point were usedto elucidate the mechanism driving the phase transition. The antiferroelectricitymechanism of CsBi(MoO₄)₂ is revealed to be drivenby the temperature-dependent Bi displacement caused by the Bi 6<em>s</em>² lone pair. The thermal expansion of CsBi(MoO₄)₂ between 150 K and its melting point is determined,as well. The current work solves the long-standing question of theorigin of the antiferroelectricity in CsBi(MoO₄)₂.</p>","PeriodicalId":29798,"journal":{"name":"ACS Materials Au","volume":"6 4","pages":"729–737"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148424642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polydopamine-Cu(II) Ions Functional Coatings on Zinc Wire: Surface Characterization and Degradation Behavior","authors":"Md Tanvir Hossain,&nbsp;Hamid Reza Bakhsheshi-Rad,&nbsp;Bashir Ahamed,&nbsp;Erico Freitas,&nbsp;Bruce P. Lee,&nbsp;Jeremy Goldman,&nbsp;Jaroslaw W. Drelich","doi":"10.1021/acsmaterialsau.6c00093","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsmaterialsau.6c00093","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Bioactive surfacemodification of degradable zinc (Zn) vascularimplants is essential for controlling biodegradation and supportingvascular healing. Here, we describe the fabrication of polydopaminecoating (PDA-Cu) containing up to ∼0.8 wt % Cu²⁺ ions on Zn substrates using an immersion-assisted mussel-inspiredpolymerization strategy. The coating is composed of densely packedPDA-Cu nanospheres with diameters of ∼130–170 nm, exhibitingan even distribution of Cu ions within the PDA matrix via Cu²⁺-catechol coordination. Thirty-day leaching tests confirmed a steadyrelease of 0.01–0.04 ppm of Cu ions per 5 days from Zn/PDA-Cusamples in Hank’s balanced salt solution (HBSS). <em>In vitro</em> nitric oxide (NO) assay demonstrated enhanced catalyticNO generation in 1 mM SNAP (<em>S</em>-nitroso-<em>N</em>-acetylpenicillamine) solution. Additionally, the PDA-Cu coatingreduced the Zn corrosion rate from ∼0.8 mm/year to ∼0.4mm/year and increased its corrosion resistance in HBSS.</p>","PeriodicalId":29798,"journal":{"name":"ACS Materials Au","volume":"6 4","pages":"896–911"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148424703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pulsed-Liquid-Injection MOCVD of Epitaxial β-Ga2O3 Thin Films as a Promising Alternative Chemical Route","authors":"Marielena Velasco Enriquez,&nbsp;Carmen Jiménez,&nbsp;Isabelle Gélard,&nbsp;Hervé Roussel,&nbsp;Sonia Ortega-Murillo,&nbsp;Martín I. Broens,&nbsp;Laetitia Rapenne,&nbsp;Fabrice Donatini,&nbsp;Philippe Ferrandis,&nbsp;Eirini Sarigiannidou,&nbsp;Vincent Consonni","doi":"10.1021/acsmaterialsau.6c00011","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsmaterialsau.6c00011","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The development ofβ-Ga₂O₃ thin filmshas received over the past years an increasing interest for powerelectronics devices. Here, we investigate the relatively unexploredgrowth of β-Ga₂O₃ thin films on a <em>c</em>-plane sapphire substrate using pulsed-liquid injectionmetal–organic chemical vapor deposition (PLI-MOCVD). In contrastto conventional MOCVD, the atomization and flash vaporization processesallow for a more precise dosing of the chemical precursors kept atroom temperature for the sake of sustainability and gallium criticality.By using triethyl gallium and O₂ molecules, we show thePLI-MOCVD of epitaxial β-Ga₂O₃ thin filmswith a growth rate of around 148 ± 5 nm/h and a RMS surface roughnessof 1.5 ± 0.1 nm. The single-crystalline nature of the β-Ga₂O₃ thin films, composed of multiple rotationaldomains, reveals the following epitaxial relationships: β-Ga₂O₃ (−201) || α-Al₂O₃ (003) and β-Ga₂O₃ (020) || α-Al₂O₃ (300). The β-Ga₂O₃ thin films are fully stoichiometric with an optical bandgap energyof 4.8 ± 0.2 eV. The presence of carbon, likely substituting,to some extent, for oxygen sites, eventually explains some of theyellow-to-UV emission bands using optical spectroscopy. These findingsdemonstrate that PLI-MOCVD in a vertical cold-wall configuration representsa promising alternative, reproducible chemical route to obtain epitaxialβ-Ga₂O₃ thin films with high quality,while being well aligned with the efficiency- and safety-related principlesof green chemistry.</p>","PeriodicalId":29798,"journal":{"name":"ACS Materials Au","volume":"6 4","pages":"820–830"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148424750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineering Metal–Organic Framework-Biopolymer-Based Hydrogels for Therapeutic Delivery","authors":"Talia A. Shmool,&nbsp;Néis Lartigue,&nbsp;Xu Liu,&nbsp;Jinjie Zhu,&nbsp;Maungo R. Poomore,&nbsp;Robert D. Hunter,&nbsp;Paul F. McKay,&nbsp;Jesús Barrio,&nbsp;Theoni K. Georgiou,&nbsp;Robin J. Shattock","doi":"10.1021/acsmaterialsau.6c00029","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsmaterialsau.6c00029","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Biopolymer-based hydrogels are attractive therapeuticcarriers,offering tunable physicochemical properties and therapeutic releasekinetics. Major limitations include low rheological strength, poorphysical and thermal stability, limited swelling, and achieving controlledtherapeutic delivery. To address these challenges, a library of innovativemetal–organic framework (MOF)-biopolymer-based hydrogels wasdeveloped. The MOFs, zeolitic imidazole framework-8 (ZIF-8), and zincadeninate framework (ZAF) were integrated into chitosan/alginate (C/A)and chitosan/gelatin (C/G) hydrogels, at increasing chitosan content.The MOF-hydrogels presented distinct immunoglobulin G (IgG) releaserates and greater rheological strengths, swelling capabilities, andthermostabilities compared to the MOF lacking hydrogels. The MOF-C/A-hydrogelsshowed higher rheological strengths compared to the MOF-C/G-hydrogels.The ZIF-8-hydrogels presented greater rheological strengths, yet lowerthermostabilities, and higher IgG release rates compared to the ZAF-hydrogels.This is attributed to the greater flexibility of ZAF, containing bulkyadenine groups, which could lead to steric hindrance and limited zincion–dipole interactions. Holistically, exploiting ion–dipole,electrostatic, and hydrogen bonding interactions between the MOFsand biopolymers enabled therapeutic release rate control and balancedthe typical trade-off between hydrogel swelling and rheological strength.The MOF-hydrogels offer adaptable platforms, advancing the designof next-generation MOF-biopolymer-based carriers for target applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":29798,"journal":{"name":"ACS Materials Au","volume":"6 4","pages":"831–840"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148424601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phenanthrenequinone, a Nonvolatile, Nonhalogenated Solid Additive, for Enhancing Thermal Stability in Organic Solar Cells","authors":"Souk Y. Kim,&nbsp;Pascale E. N’goran,&nbsp;Arthur L. Jin,&nbsp;Ivy M. Asuo,&nbsp;Nutifafa Y. Doumon","doi":"10.1021/acsmaterialsau.5c00144","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsmaterialsau.5c00144","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Various types of additives have been reported to enhancethe performanceof organic solar cells (OSCs). However, commonly used solvent additivesoften compromise device stability and contain harmful halogen elements.Although many studies have introduced high-boiling-point solvent additivesand solid additives, these materials often contain toxic componentsor require a complex synthesis. In particular, a comprehensive understandingof their effects on device stability under various conditions is stilllacking. In this study, we introduce 9,10-phenanthrenequinone (PQ),a commercially available, low-cost, nonvolatile, and nonhalogenatedsolid additive. The addition of PQ enhances the overall device stabilityby reducing energy disorder under ambient conditions and suppressingphase segregation, thereby improving the morphological stability underillumination and thermal stress. Notably, PQ-based unencapsulateddevices retained over 93% of their initial power conversion efficiencyafter 100 h of thermal stress at 85 °C, with negligible burn-indegradation, representing one of the best thermal stability resultsreported for PM6:Y6 binary systems. This comprehensive stability studynot only provides valuable guidance for the long-term reliabilityof bulk heterojunction OSCs but also highlights the potential of nonvolatile,nonhalogenated solid additives, such as PQ, which combines low cost,commercial availability, environmental friendliness, and improvedefficiency and stability, for the future commercialization of OSCs.</p>","PeriodicalId":29798,"journal":{"name":"ACS Materials Au","volume":"6 4","pages":"671–683"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148424700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heterogeneous Composite Design and 3D Printing Parameter Optimization of Al2O3 Ceramic Triply Periodic Minimal Surface Structures","authors":"Wei Liu,&nbsp;Kai Ren,&nbsp;Jinglei Zhou,&nbsp;Jinchao Zhao,&nbsp;Qi Liu,&nbsp;Liang Chen,&nbsp;Shanchen Zhou,&nbsp;Zongbo Zheng,&nbsp;Lei Tu,&nbsp;Yanlong Cao","doi":"10.1021/acsmaterialsau.5c00142","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsmaterialsau.5c00142","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Triply Periodic Minimal Surface (TPMS) Al₂O₃ ceramic structures hold significant potential for applicationsinbiomedical engineering, catalytic systems, and thermal managementtechnologies, which can be fabricated with high precision using vatphotopolymerization-based digital light processing (DLP). However,conventional homogeneous designs for TPMS often do not fully meetadvanced performance requirements, while the curing depth, a key parametergoverning the dimensional accuracy and mechanical performance, hasnot been thoroughly investigated. To address these limitations, thisstudy proposes an algorithm based on target porosity for designingcomplex graded and heterogeneous TPMS structures, followed by fabricationvia DLP with optimized process parameters. The results demonstratethat the fabricated gradient-porosity TPMS scaffold under optimalparameters exhibited high performance, including dimensional accuracyexceeding 98.5%, a surface roughness as low as 1.21 μm, anda compressive strength of 38.44 MPa. These findings provide valuablereferences for both the design optimization and reliable DLP strategiesof complex ceramic heterogeneous TPMS structures.</p>","PeriodicalId":29798,"journal":{"name":"ACS Materials Au","volume":"6 4","pages":"684–695"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148424783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patient-Specific Dual-Function 3D-Printed Gels for Antimicrobial and Analgesic Management of Alveolar Osteitis","authors":"Mateo Dallos Ortega,&nbsp;Vahid Heravi Shargh,&nbsp;Jenny Aveyard,&nbsp;Mark Hunter,&nbsp;Alexander Ciupa,&nbsp;Raechelle A. D’Sa","doi":"10.1021/acsmaterialsau.5c00226","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsmaterialsau.5c00226","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Alveolar osteitis (AO), or dry socket, is a painful postoperativecomplication caused by the premature loss of the blood clot from theextraction site. Current treatments rely on irrigation and temporarydressings, however these approaches offer limited therapeutic benefitsand often require repeated interventions. This work describes a customizable,dual-function biomaterials platform based on 3D-printed gelatin gelsincorporating the antimicrobial quaternary ammonium compound, benzyldimethyldodecylammonium(BDMDAC), and the analgesic lidocaine enabling sustained infectioncontrol and localized pain management. 3D-printed gels were optimizedfor printability, mechanical stability, and controlled drug release,and their physicochemical properties were characterized through swelling,degradation, and release studies. Both hydrated and freeze-driedgels were evaluated to assess how architecture influences transportbehavior and therapeutic performance. Antimicrobial efficacy was evaluatedagainst clinically relevant oral pathogens, including <em>Porphyromonas gingivalis</em>, <em>Enterococcus faecalis</em>, and <em>Streptococcus mutans</em> which are key pathogens associated with oral infections. Cytocompatibilityand inflammatory responses were assessed using human gingival fibroblasts(HGF-1s) as well as Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor(TNF-α) expression. The 3D-printed gels sustained antimicrobialactivity, achieving complete planktonic pathogen eradication and biofilminhibition within 24 h, independent of lidocaine incorporation. Analysisof pro-inflammatory cytokine markers showed a minimal response inmost gel formulations, with a slight increase at high lidocaine concentrations(30 mg/mL), whereas freeze-dried gels produced a more pronounced earlyinflammatory response at this concentration. Finally, 3D printed anatomicalpatient-specific molar-shaped gels preserved antimicrobial efficacycomapred with grid-printed controls, confirming that therapeutic performanceis maintained across complex geometries. Overall, these results demonstrate that on-demand fabrication of patient specific, antimicrobial,and analgesic 3D printed gels has the potential to be used for localizedmanagement of AO.</p>","PeriodicalId":29798,"journal":{"name":"ACS Materials Au","volume":"6 4","pages":"705–715"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148424719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding Surface-Grafted Trihalo Alkylsilane Particles for Hydrophobic Cellulosic Fibers","authors":"Naji Majoudi,&nbsp;Dhanush U. Jamadgni,&nbsp;Lianett A. Pineda,&nbsp;El-Houssaine Ablouh,&nbsp;Martin M. Thuo","doi":"10.1021/acsmaterialsau.6c00049","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsmaterialsau.6c00049","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Surface engineering of cellulose and fibrous materialsin generalunderpins many applications of these materials, yet the mechanismby which trifunctionalized silanes hydrophobize the surfaces remainsunresolved. Competing models invoke either self-assembled monolayerformation or water mediated deposition of oligomeric species. Herein,we demonstrate that vacuum-assisted chemical vapor deposition of trichloroalkylsilanes on cellulose fibers does not yield the classical self-assembledmonolayers. Surface modification with trihalosilanes proceeds viasurface water-driven polymerization, with physisorbed water actingas a comonomer to generate oligomeric siloxane clusters. Using trichloro(perfluorooctyl)silaneas a model system, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy depth profilingreveals a fluorine-rich surface layer (∼2.5 nm) exhibitingasymmetric, nonlinear concentration gradients that extend only a fewnanometers into the substrate. Scanning electron microscopy and wettingmeasurements corroborate the formation of ultrahydrophobic surfaceswith water contact angles exceeding 130°. Variation in silaneconcentration modulates the oligomer size and penetration depth. Theseresults establish that silane modification of rough, multiscale cellulosesubstrates is governed by the oligomerization and clustering of thetrihalosilane rather than molecular self-assembly, enabling scalableand robust hydrophobization strategies. The stochastic nature of surfacegrafting on fibers implies that the modified fibers are complex particlesgiven the multiscale asymmetry in order (cellulose in the fibers)and disorder (grafted particles and microfibril organization).</p>","PeriodicalId":29798,"journal":{"name":"ACS Materials Au","volume":"6 4","pages":"851–859"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148424762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agglomeration Efficacies of Simple Salts on Charged Gold Nanocrystals with Mixed Ligand Shells: A High-Throughput Study","authors":"Albenc Nexha,&nbsp;Bart-Jan Niebuur,&nbsp;Simon Blum,&nbsp;Tobias Kraus","doi":"10.1021/acsmaterialsau.6c00051","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsmaterialsau.6c00051","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Salts induce theagglomeration and assembly of gold nanocrystalsthat are stabilized by charged ligand shells. This destabilizationis known to partially deviate from the predictions of classical DLVOtheory for larger colloids, but existing studies focus on limitedconcentration ranges or ion types. Here, we use a high-throughputapproach to test the agglomeration efficacy of 17 different saltsat concentrations ranging from 0.16 mM to 2 M on negatively chargednanocrystals with shells of 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid and/or triethyleneglycol mono-11-mercaptoundecyl ether. Automated pipetting is usedto create a large dataset of close to 10000 UV–vis absorbancespectra. We analyze the spectral shifts to find the onset of agglomeration,identify critical salt concentrations, and characterize the natureof the agglomeration transition. The results are compared to classicalDLVO theory using conventional analysis, and the effects of ion concentrationand anion valency are shown to be consistent with DLVO predictions.Cation valencies only partially follow the predictions, suggestinglocal ion-specific interactions that dominate when screening lengthsreach molecular length scales. A Random Forest Regression model isused as additional “black box” analysis of the resultsto correlate the ionic strength, ligand shell composition, and intrinsicion properties, and to rank their relative importance to the colloidalstability of gold nanocrystals. The ranking combines classical DLVOeffects and specific ion interactions with subtle effects on the agglomeratestructure that affect plasmon resonance shifts, providing a complementaryinterpretation of the data.</p>","PeriodicalId":29798,"journal":{"name":"ACS Materials Au","volume":"6 4","pages":"860–871"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148424003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cytotoxicity Assessment and Indentation Size Effect of Low-Cost Experimental Implant Alloys","authors":"Nompumelelo V. Nkosi,&nbsp;Divesha Essa,&nbsp;Amogelang C. Moalodi,&nbsp;Johnson Lawal,&nbsp;Yahya Choonara,&nbsp;Desmond Klenam,&nbsp;Michael O. Bodunrin","doi":"10.1021/acsmaterialsau.6c00008","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsmaterialsau.6c00008","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The development ofaffordable lightweight alloys witha combinationof high mechanical strength and excellent biocompatibility is crucialfor next-generation biomedical implants, particularly for middle-and low-income classes. This study investigates the relationship betweenprocessing, microscale mechanical behavior, and cytotoxicity of experimentaltitanium alloys (Ti-3Fe, Ti-4.5Al-1 V-3Fe, and Ti-6Al-1 V-3Fe) anda low-density stainless-steel (LDSS) alloy (Fe-20Mn-7Al-1C-3Cr-3Cu-3Mo),produced via casting and sintering. Their performance was benchmarkedagainst those of commercial Ti-6Al-4 V and 316L stainless steel. Micro-and macro-indentation tests were conducted to evaluate the indentationsize effect (ISE), and the Nix–Gao model was applied to quantifystrain-gradient plasticity through the estimation of statisticallystored dislocation (SSD) and geometrically necessary dislocation (GND)densities. In parallel, in vitro cytotoxicity was evaluated usingNIH-3T3 fibroblast cells following the ISO 10993-5 guidelines. Theexperimental titanium alloys exhibited pronounced ISE behavior andthe highest GND densities, indicating enhanced resistance to plasticdeformation at the microscale compared to the LDSS alloys. Cytotoxicityresults showed excellent biocompatibility for Ti-6Al-4 V and 316Land good compatibility for the experimental Ti–Fe alloys, withcell viability exceeding 70% at 100% extract concentration. In contrast,the LDSS alloys showed the lowest cell viability, with both the as-castand sintered LDSS having a cell viability of less than 70%, therebynecessitating a detailed corrosion performance evaluation and furtheroptimization. This performance was correlated with high Mn dissolutiondetected in the extract medium after the cytotoxicity assessment.The results demonstrate that experimental titanium alloys providea promising pathway toward lightweight biomedical implant materialsthat combine microscale strengthening with acceptable biocompatibility.</p>","PeriodicalId":29798,"journal":{"name":"ACS Materials Au","volume":"6 4","pages":"808–819"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148424634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}