{"title":"Efficient dynamic bandwidth allocation schemes in Long-Reach Passive Optical Networks- A survey","authors":"Fehmida Usmani, S. Zaidi, Aima Awais, M. Raja","doi":"10.1109/HONET.2014.7029357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HONET.2014.7029357","url":null,"abstract":"Long Reach Passive Optical Networks (LR-PON) concept is offered as a cost-efficient solution to bring the fiber to the Home, Office, Curb, Building etc. (FTTX). It extends the reach and capacity of traditional PON from ~20 km to ~100 km using the optical amplifiers. It merges the metro and access domains by reducing the number of central offices (CO). This approach reduces capital and operational expenditure by reducing number of components, along with the network power consumption and design complexity. Transmission-messages are exchanged between the optical-line terminals and optical network units before the actual data transmission. By extending the reach, these messages are delayed due to increased Round Trip Time (RTT) which degrades the performance of dynamic bandwidth allocation (DBA) algorithms. Several schemes have been proposed to overcome such challenges. This paper presents a survey of different DBA schemes for Long Reach EPONs with their pros and cons. Comparative summary of these schemes is presented. We also discuss our proposed idea to enhance Quality of Service (QoS) with efficient DBA at the end of the paper.","PeriodicalId":297826,"journal":{"name":"2014 11th Annual High Capacity Optical Networks and Emerging/Enabling Technologies (Photonics for Energy)","volume":"71 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126102067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Antenna array for 5th generation 802.11ac Wi-Fi applications","authors":"S. Nasir, Muhammad Mustaqim, B. A. Khawaja","doi":"10.1109/HONET.2014.7029354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HONET.2014.7029354","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the design and simulation study of a compact 8-element MIMO antenna system for next generation IEEE 802.11ac Wi-Fi application is presented. The IEEE 802.11ac is an emerging WLAN standard which operates at 5GHz band. The real challenges for IEEE 802.11ac are to meet the recent functional demands and the extensive wireless market growth expected in next 3-5 years. The aim of this research is to propose an antenna design that can operate at 5GHz WLAN band and facilitates the features that conform to 802.11ac Wi-Fi standard requirements. The proposed antenna design consists of eight radiating elements and a gap coupled inset-feed technique is incorporated to achieve better performance by the MIMO antenna array. The dimensions of the patch antenna were calculated using transmission-line model whereas layouts of the single element antenna and the array are simulated on two different platforms i.e. momentum - an EM tool of Agilent's advance design system (ADS) system simulator based on method of moments technique and CST microwave studio which is based on finite difference time domain technique. In the end, the comparative analysis of the antenna simulation results using both the techniques is presented.","PeriodicalId":297826,"journal":{"name":"2014 11th Annual High Capacity Optical Networks and Emerging/Enabling Technologies (Photonics for Energy)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126641515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Multiobjective cloud capacity planning for time-varying customer demand","authors":"Brian Bouterse, H. Perros, D. Thuente","doi":"10.1109/HONET.2014.7029367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HONET.2014.7029367","url":null,"abstract":"Service providers who dynamically scale cloud resources can significantly lower costs while providing a service level that conforms to a service level agreement. To do this, service providers must understand the tradeoffs within provisioning algorithms such as utilization versus system availability or the impact of service level agreement timescale on utilization. Within the context of three provisioning algorithms from existing literature, we analyze the tradeoff of service availability versus utilization using a two-dimensional Pareto analysis. We also analyze the impact on utilization and system availability of using hourly, daily, weekly, or yearlong timescales as the basis of service level agreement. We evaluate model performance using historical data of the Virtual Computing Laboratory (VCL), a cloud computing environment at North Carolina State University. We show that a simple heuristic planning model, whereby a fixed reserve capacity is maintained, provides better service availability and utilization performance than other models for all service level timescales. The fixed reserve capacity model is also shown to be Pareto optimal.","PeriodicalId":297826,"journal":{"name":"2014 11th Annual High Capacity Optical Networks and Emerging/Enabling Technologies (Photonics for Energy)","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114578720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Light weight HTTP for transport and content sharing in 5G cellular networks","authors":"Diab Ziad Alhamad, K. Kazi","doi":"10.1109/HONET.2014.7029359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HONET.2014.7029359","url":null,"abstract":"Content Caching is a promising solution that can reduce network traffic, lower latency and improve the performance in 5G cellular networks. Video content is one of the most important types of multimedia traversing the cellular networks. It generates more traffic on network than any other types of multimedia. Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is one of the widely used protocols for content delivery. HTTP can be used to request the content from the servers and content caching. This paper analyzes HTTP and proposes a lighter weight version of it. The lighter weight HTTP shows promise in reducing the networking traffic while maintaining the same level of security as the regular HTTP.","PeriodicalId":297826,"journal":{"name":"2014 11th Annual High Capacity Optical Networks and Emerging/Enabling Technologies (Photonics for Energy)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130501239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Novel graphene heat spreaders for the thermal management of micro-LED arrays for optical communication","authors":"N. Kudsieh, M. Khizar, M. Raja","doi":"10.1109/HONET.2014.7029366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HONET.2014.7029366","url":null,"abstract":"We report on the 3D modeling and simulation of Graphene heat spreaders for the thermal management of InGaN/GaN micro LED array for visible lambda multi-channel communications. Multiple Graphene quilts were used to create extra heat escape channels for efficient heat dissipation. An array comprises of ten-chips on sapphire substrate and two district packages were considered as a control and test accordingly. The two-test designs consisting of one-quilt per device, and multi-quilts per device, respectively were modeled using ANSYS13™ and on-chip steady-state thermal analysis technique. Results were used to evaluate chips temperature for their operation power levels. Comparative study was also performed for the heat dissipation related improvements for the case of Graphene when introduced heat spreaders. A temperature drop of ~8 °C for one-quilt and 15 °C for multi-quilt chips was achieved for 5mW powers, respectively. We conclude that implementation of Graphene heat spreaders in micro-LED arrays has significant effects on devices heat management and thermal stability. This work also shows the potential of the 2D carbon structures in photonics and electronics manufacturing industry.","PeriodicalId":297826,"journal":{"name":"2014 11th Annual High Capacity Optical Networks and Emerging/Enabling Technologies (Photonics for Energy)","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133675988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Impact of smart inverter control with PV systems on voltage regulators in active distribution networks","authors":"M. Chamana, B. Chowdhury","doi":"10.1109/HONET.2014.7029373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HONET.2014.7029373","url":null,"abstract":"Multiple voltage regulating devices, such as on-load tap changer (OLTC), step voltage regulators (SVRs), switched capacitors banks work in tandem with each other to regulate voltage in the distribution network. These conventional devices can be controlled in various ways based on either centralized or decentralized management system. When photovoltaic (PV) systems are operated with smart inverters, SVRs need to coordinate with them in order to regulate the critical bus. Depending on the high ramp up or ramp down condition in the morning and late afternoon respectively, SVR operations may not be able to keep voltages within the acceptable band. This paper presents the relationship of PV active and reactive power with SVR step changes, and proposes an algorithm to coordinate the SVRs with the PV inverters capability to curtail active power and absorb reactive power as needed to improve the power quality. The algorithm is tested on the modified IEEE-13 bus test feeder.","PeriodicalId":297826,"journal":{"name":"2014 11th Annual High Capacity Optical Networks and Emerging/Enabling Technologies (Photonics for Energy)","volume":"167 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123077766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Integrated superlattices and metamaterials","authors":"R. Tsu, M. Fiddy","doi":"10.1109/HONET.2014.7029392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HONET.2014.7029392","url":null,"abstract":"Physics is built on the use of constitutive equations governed by the Random Phase Approximation to deal with cancellations resulting from space-time variations of the phase of waves. Special handling of phase becomes possible in engineered materials, such as domain formations and periodicity. When dealing with interactions involving superlattices as well as metamaterials, the phase of electron or electromagnetic waves can be exploited in numerous ways. Examples include systems with gain such as amplifiers and oscillators, as well as serving as passive impedance matching elements such as image formation with lenses.","PeriodicalId":297826,"journal":{"name":"2014 11th Annual High Capacity Optical Networks and Emerging/Enabling Technologies (Photonics for Energy)","volume":"284 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116571792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Mishra, Brianna Monroe, B. Hussain, I. Ferguson
{"title":"Temperature optimization for MOCVD-based growth of ZnO thin films","authors":"P. Mishra, Brianna Monroe, B. Hussain, I. Ferguson","doi":"10.1109/HONET.2014.7029400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HONET.2014.7029400","url":null,"abstract":"Several samples of Zinc Oxide thin films were grown using a homemade metalorganic chemical vapor deposition apparatus and tested using in-situ interferometry, photoluminescence spectrometry, ex-situ spectral reflectance, and ex-situ transmittance measurements. We found that despite having a relatively high thickness, samples grown in higher temperatures were of better crystal quality with higher exciton emission peaks, increased transmittance, and lower photoluminescence linewidth. However, kinetic energy from higher temperature growth led to increased defect-associated emission. We thus propose a model for temperature optimization in ZnO thin film growth by MOCVD wherein thermal rectification of thickness-associated defects and thermal induction of kinetic energy-induced defects must be balanced for improvements in crystal quality around the growth temperature of 550°C.","PeriodicalId":297826,"journal":{"name":"2014 11th Annual High Capacity Optical Networks and Emerging/Enabling Technologies (Photonics for Energy)","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116765176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Snapshot imaging Fraunhofer line discriminator","authors":"S. Roy, M. Kudenov","doi":"10.1109/HONET.2014.7029362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HONET.2014.7029362","url":null,"abstract":"Reflectance measurements have been a long standing means of quantifying chlorophyll, and other chemical contents, within vegetation. Conventional metrics that are common include normalized difference vegetative index (NDVI) and photochemical reflectance index (PRI). However, to gain more information about the plant canopy and go beyond reflectance measurements, fluorescence measurements are also being pursued. While active laser- or illuminator-based methods exist, passive methods are often preferred due to their lower power requirements and their reduced system complexity and eye safety concerns. To this end, preliminary results for the development of a high throughput imaging Fraunhofer line discriminator (FLD) are presented. This system, which is based on a multiple-image Fourier transform spectrometer and a spatial heterodyne interferometer can, for the first time, leverage the snapshot advantage for high throughput FLD. In this paper, the concept of the system is presented and preliminary experimental calibration results are summarized.","PeriodicalId":297826,"journal":{"name":"2014 11th Annual High Capacity Optical Networks and Emerging/Enabling Technologies (Photonics for Energy)","volume":"495 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122754992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. R. Baig, W. Farooq, S. S. Al-Shehri, M. Al-Salhi, S. S. Al-ghamdi, M. S. Al Garawi, M. Atif
{"title":"Study of radiation induced variation in structural and optical properties of polyallyl diglycol carbonate Polymer","authors":"M. R. Baig, W. Farooq, S. S. Al-Shehri, M. Al-Salhi, S. S. Al-ghamdi, M. S. Al Garawi, M. Atif","doi":"10.1109/HONET.2014.7029364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HONET.2014.7029364","url":null,"abstract":"Polyallyl diglycol carbonate (PADC) is a well-known Solid State Nuclear Track Detector (SSNTD). We have investigated structural modifications and optical properties of alpha irradiated PADC at different interval of times from 5min to 360min. Structural modifications are investigated from Scanning Electron microscopic (SEM) images and X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns. Optical study is carried out from absorption and fluorescence spectra. XRD patterns confirm amorphous nature of the material but its diffracted intensities increase with increasing exposure time. SEM images show generation of nano size particles at the surface after 120 min exposure with alpha irradiation and the size increases with further exposure of the radiations. Absorption spectra show abrupt increase in absorption in UV range and slight variations are observed with further increase of exposure time. Increase in intensities of emission peaks are observed with alpha irradiation. Optical band gaps at different exposure are estimated using Tauc's plot","PeriodicalId":297826,"journal":{"name":"2014 11th Annual High Capacity Optical Networks and Emerging/Enabling Technologies (Photonics for Energy)","volume":"118 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133626430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}