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Organic Rankine Cycle Technology for Heat Recovery最新文献

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Expanders for Organic Rankine Cycle Technology 有机朗肯循环技术扩展器
Organic Rankine Cycle Technology for Heat Recovery Pub Date : 2018-11-05 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.78720
F. Alshammari, M. Usman, A. Pesyridis
{"title":"Expanders for Organic Rankine Cycle Technology","authors":"F. Alshammari, M. Usman, A. Pesyridis","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.78720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.78720","url":null,"abstract":"The overall power conversion efficiency of organic Rankine cycle (ORC) systems is highly sensitive to the isentropic efficiency of expansion machines. No expansion machine type is universally ideal as every machine has its own advantages and disadvantages and is suitable for a comparatively narrow range of operations of the highest efficiency. Therefore, an optimum selection of an expansion machine type is important for a financially viable ORC implementation. This chapter presents the mode of operation, technical feasibility, and challenges in the application of turbo-expanders (radial inflow, radial outflow, and axial machines) and volumetric expansion machines (scroll, screw, piston, and vane) for use in ORC systems. It can be concluded that different machines are suitable for a different range of power output in commercial applications. In general, volumetric machines are suitable for 50 kWe and below but turbomachines are more suitable for power outputs higher than 50 kWe.","PeriodicalId":297745,"journal":{"name":"Organic Rankine Cycle Technology for Heat Recovery","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129566007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 12
Optimal Sizing of Waste Heat Recovery Systems for Dynamic Engine Conditions 动态发动机条件下余热回收系统的最佳尺寸
Organic Rankine Cycle Technology for Heat Recovery Pub Date : 2018-11-05 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.78590
E. Feru, S. Goyal, F. Willems
{"title":"Optimal Sizing of Waste Heat Recovery Systems for Dynamic Engine Conditions","authors":"E. Feru, S. Goyal, F. Willems","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.78590","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.78590","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, a methodology for optimal sizing of waste heat recovery (WHR) systems is presented. It deals with dynamic engine conditions. This study focuses on Euro-VI truck applications with a mechanically coupled Organic Rankine Cycle-based WHR system. An alternating optimization architecture is developed for optimal system sizing and control of the WHR system. The sizing problem is formulated as a fuel consumption and system cost optimization problem using a newly developed, scalable WHR system model. Constraints related to safe WHR operation and system mass are included in this methodology. The components scaled in this study are the expander and the EGR and exhaust gas evaporators. The WHR system size is optimized over a hot World Harmonized Transient Cycle (WHTC), which consists of urban, rural and highway driving conditions. The optimal component sizes are found to vary for these different driving conditions. By implementing a switching model predictive control (MPC) strategy on the optimally sized WHR system, its performance is validated. The net fuel consumption is found to be reduced by 1.1% as compared to the originally sized WHR system over the total WHTC.","PeriodicalId":297745,"journal":{"name":"Organic Rankine Cycle Technology for Heat Recovery","volume":"141 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130440197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effects of the Working Fluid Charge in Organic Rankine Cycle Power Systems: Numerical and Experimental Analyses 有机朗肯循环动力系统中工作流体电荷的影响:数值与实验分析
Organic Rankine Cycle Technology for Heat Recovery Pub Date : 2018-11-05 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.78026
D. Ziviani, R. Dickes, V. Lemort, J. Braun, E. Groll
{"title":"Effects of the Working Fluid Charge in Organic Rankine Cycle Power Systems: Numerical and Experimental Analyses","authors":"D. Ziviani, R. Dickes, V. Lemort, J. Braun, E. Groll","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.78026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.78026","url":null,"abstract":"It is well known that organic Rankine cycle (ORC) power systems often operate in conditions differing from the nominal design point due to variations of the heat source and heat sink conditions. Similar to a vapor compression cycle, the system operation (e.g., subcooling level, pump cavitation) and performance (e.g., heat exchanger effectiveness) of an ORC are affected by the working fluid charge. This chapter presents a discussion of the effects of the charge inventory in ORC systems. In particular, both numerical and experimental aspects are presented. The importance of properly predicting the total amount of working fluid charge for optimizing design and off-design conditions is highlighted. Furthermore, an overview on state-of-the-art modeling approaches is also presented.","PeriodicalId":297745,"journal":{"name":"Organic Rankine Cycle Technology for Heat Recovery","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122876174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Dynamic Modeling of ORC Power Plants ORC电厂动态建模
Organic Rankine Cycle Technology for Heat Recovery Pub Date : 2018-11-05 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.78390
M. Assadi, Y. M. Barzi
{"title":"Dynamic Modeling of ORC Power Plants","authors":"M. Assadi, Y. M. Barzi","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.78390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.78390","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter presents dynamic modeling approaches suitable for organic Rankine cycle (ORC) power plants. Dynamic models are necessary for the better understanding of the plants’ behavior during transient operation, such as start-up, shutdown, and during rapid load changes. The estimation of plant operating parameters during transient operation is crucial for monitoring and control of the plant so that the system state variables do not exceed the pre-defined operating range. One example is the proportion of liquid and vapor phase in the condenser and evaporator that must be kept within acceptable ranges to avoid stalling or temperature shocks during transient conditions. Using dynamic models enables plant operators to predict changes in power output as a function of the plant’s boundary conditions such as temperature of the heat source and ambient conditions, so that they can respond to the expected heat and power demand accordingly. The aim of the chapter is to investigate and review the methodologies applicable for dynamic simulation of ORC power plants.","PeriodicalId":297745,"journal":{"name":"Organic Rankine Cycle Technology for Heat Recovery","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116309366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Modeling for Organic Rankine Cycle Waste Heat Recovery System Development 有机朗肯循环余热回收系统开发建模
Organic Rankine Cycle Technology for Heat Recovery Pub Date : 2018-11-05 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.78997
Bin Xu, Adamu Yebi, Z. Filipi
{"title":"Modeling for Organic Rankine Cycle Waste Heat Recovery System Development","authors":"Bin Xu, Adamu Yebi, Z. Filipi","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.78997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.78997","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter introduces the modeling of organic Rankine cycle waste heat recovery (ORCWHR) system. The main goal of this chapter is to give an overview of ORC-WHR system modeling, especially focus on the heat exchanger models due to its key role in the ORCWHR system development. Six heat exchanger models considered in this chapter includes static model, 0D dynamic model, 1D finite volume model, 1D moving boundary model, 2D & 3D model. Model complexity, accuracy, and computation time are analyzed for the six heat exchanger models. More importantly, the heat exchanger model selection is discussed based on different phase of ORC-WHR system development, which facilitates the development of ORC-WHR system, and reduces the system development cost. In addition, a full ORC-WHR system model is presented as a modeling example including heat exchanger model, expander model, valve model and pump model.","PeriodicalId":297745,"journal":{"name":"Organic Rankine Cycle Technology for Heat Recovery","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133658218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
The Development and Application of Organic Rankine Cycle for Vehicle Waste Heat Recovery 汽车废热有机朗肯循环的开发与应用
Organic Rankine Cycle Technology for Heat Recovery Pub Date : 2018-11-05 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.78401
Yiji Lu, A. Roskilly, Xiao-li Yu
{"title":"The Development and Application of Organic Rankine Cycle for Vehicle Waste Heat Recovery","authors":"Yiji Lu, A. Roskilly, Xiao-li Yu","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.78401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.78401","url":null,"abstract":"The development of engine waste heat recovery (WHR) technologies attracts ever increasing interests due to the rising strict policy requirements and environmental concerns. Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) can convert low medium grade heat into electrical or mechanical power and has been widely recognized as the most promising heat-driven technologies. A typical internal combustion engine (ICE) converts around 30% of the overall fuel energy into effective mechanical power and the rest of fuel energy is dumped through the engine exhaust system and cooling system. Integrating a well-designed ORC system to ICE can effectively improve the overall energy efficiency and reduce emissions with around 2–5 years payback period through fuel saving. This book chapter is meant to provide an overview of the technical development and application of ORC technology to recover wasted thermal energy from the ICE with a particular focus on vehicle applications.","PeriodicalId":297745,"journal":{"name":"Organic Rankine Cycle Technology for Heat Recovery","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116285409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 11
Organic Rankine Cycle for Recovery of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Cold Energy 液化天然气冷能回收的有机朗肯循环
Organic Rankine Cycle Technology for Heat Recovery Pub Date : 2018-11-05 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.77990
J. Bao
{"title":"Organic Rankine Cycle for Recovery of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Cold Energy","authors":"J. Bao","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.77990","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.77990","url":null,"abstract":"Natural gas (NG) is an environment-friendly energy source. NG is of gas state in the environmental condition and it is liquefied to LNG at temperature of about −162°C for transportation and storage. Electric energy of 292–958 kWh is consumed when one ton of LNG is produced. Before being used, LNG must be regasified to NG again at the receiv ing site, and this process will release a great deal of energy, which is called cold energy. It’s very important to recovery LNG cold energy, which is clean and of high quality. Power generation is a conventional and effective way to utilize LNG cold energy. For the low efficiency of the traditional power generation system with liquefied natural gas (LNG) cold energy utilization, by improving the heat transfer characteristic between the working fluid and LNG, this chapter has proposed a conception of multi-stage condensa tion Rankine cycle system. Furthermore, the performance of power generation systems will be enhanced with two aspects: improvement of system configuration and optimiza tion of working fluids.","PeriodicalId":297745,"journal":{"name":"Organic Rankine Cycle Technology for Heat Recovery","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122036076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Power Generation with Thermolytic Reverse Electrodialysis for Low-Grade Waste Heat Recovery 热分解反电渗析发电用于低品位废热回收
Organic Rankine Cycle Technology for Heat Recovery Pub Date : 2018-11-05 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.81006
Deok Han Kim, B. Park, Kilsung Kwon, Longnan Li, Daejoong Kim
{"title":"Power Generation with Thermolytic Reverse Electrodialysis for Low-Grade Waste Heat Recovery","authors":"Deok Han Kim, B. Park, Kilsung Kwon, Longnan Li, Daejoong Kim","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.81006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.81006","url":null,"abstract":"Closed-loop reverse electrodialysis (RED) systems that use a thermolytic solution for low- grade waste heat recovery have attracted significant attention. They have several cost benefits, e.g., the absence of repetitive pretreatment and removal of locational constraints, when compared with open-loop RED systems using seawater and river water. This study presents a model of RED that uses ammonium bicarbonate, and this is a promising solution for closed-loop systems. The modified Planck-Henderson equation is used to calculate the ion exchange membrane potential. The calculation is based on the conduc- tivity measurements as ionization carbonate electrochemical information has not been reported before this study. The solution resistance is experimentally determined. The experimentally obtained permselectivity is implemented into the model to predict the membrane potential more accurately. The results of the improved model are well matched with experimental results under results under various operating conditions of the RED system. In addition, in the model of this study, the net power density was characterized with the consideration of the pumping loss. The improved model predicts a maximum net power density of 0.84 W/m 2 with an intermembrane distance of 0.1 mm, a flow rate of 3 mL/min, and a concentration ratio of 200 as optimum conditions. The results of the study are expected to improve our understanding of the ammonium bicarbonate-RED system and contribute to modeling studies using ammonium bicarbonate or certain other compounds for novel technologies of waste heat recovery.","PeriodicalId":297745,"journal":{"name":"Organic Rankine Cycle Technology for Heat Recovery","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123452455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Inert and Reactive Working Fluids for Closed Power Cycles: Present Knowledge, Applications and Open Researches 用于封闭动力循环的惰性和反应性工作流体:现有知识、应用和开放研究
Organic Rankine Cycle Technology for Heat Recovery Pub Date : 2018-11-05 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.79290
Silvia Lasala, R. Privat, J. Jaubert
{"title":"Inert and Reactive Working Fluids for Closed Power Cycles: Present Knowledge, Applications and Open Researches","authors":"Silvia Lasala, R. Privat, J. Jaubert","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.79290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.79290","url":null,"abstract":"The possibility of selecting the working fluid of a closed power cycle represents one of the most important levers to maximise the efficiency and to optimise the design of this technology. This chapter is intended to provide a description of the present state of knowledge on the effects that fluid thermo-physical properties, such as molecular complexity and molecular mass, have on the design and performance of cycle components. With a view to allow for accounting for multicomponent inert and reactive working fluids along the optimisation process, the chapter then presents the main outstanding scientific barriers which need to be overcome.","PeriodicalId":297745,"journal":{"name":"Organic Rankine Cycle Technology for Heat Recovery","volume":"99 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125163685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
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